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Presented By
Ms. Pratibha P. Chavan
(MEIT1004)
Under Guidance
Prof. V. S. Deshpande
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Introduction
Congestion Control Mechanisms Methods of Congestion Detection
Problem Statement
Motivation
Objectives
Literature Survey
Proposed Work
Conclusion References
2
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WSN consist of small microcontroller fitted with
sensors and some means of communication radio.
In a WSN, multiple sensors try to send data to a base
station or sinkthis could result in congestion.
3Cont.
Sink
Sensor field
Sensing node
Sensor nodes
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Congestion in WSNs has a direct impact on energy efficiency
and application QoS.
Congestion Control studies how to recover from the
congestion.
How to ensurefairand efficienttransmission rates for each
nodes in a sensor network?
4
Src1 Src2
Sink
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Congestion Control method needs to be lightweight,
fair and efficient.
There are three mechanisms that can deal with this
problem:-- Congestion detection
-- Congestion notification
-- Rate adjustment
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Buffer occupancy
Check ts/ta for congested system, where ts is packet
service time and ta is packet inter arrival time. Channel Occupancy
Reporting Rate (RR)
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Design and implement mechanism to mitigate
Congestion in WSNs.
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Congestion in WSNs can lead to buffer overflow,
wastage of resources and delay or loss of critical
information from the sensor Network. Hence, there is
need to study the problem of congestion in WSNs and
it is necessary to carry out congestion control which
detects congestion precisely and regulates it fairly.
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To minimize packet loss ratio To maximize throughput
To increase PDR
To minimize energy consumption
To achieve weighted fairness for different class of
traffic
To control node wise flow
To find out the optimized buffer window size
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An Energy Efficient Congestion Control Protocol for
WSNs (EECC), 2009 IEEE
Congestion Control and Fairness in WSNs (CCF), 2009
IEEE
Congestion-Aware and Rate-Controlled Reliable
Transport in WSNs (CRRT), 2009 IEICE
Upstream Hop-by-Hop Congestion Control in WSNs
(UHCC), 2009 IEEE
11Cont.
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Advantages: Average energy consumed by the nodes is less.
EECC increases Packet delivery Ratio (PDR).
EECC increases throughput in terms no. of packets received.
EECC protocol achieves congestion control along with energysaving.
Disadvantages:
An efficient MAC protocol is needed to work in power saving
mode.
Sink has to perform re-clustering in case of changes in time
series reading of nodes.
12Cont.
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13Cont.
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Advantages: CCF supports multiple concurrent applications.
CCF is highly robust to changes in underlying topology and
routing dynamics.
CCF ensures efficient use of network resources. It reduces oscillations, provides stability.
CCF adjusts its aggressiveness according to the spare
bandwidth in the network.
It assigns fair and efficient rate to each node.
Disadvantages:
It considers feedback delays.
15Cont.
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17
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Advantages: CRRT increases the PDR and transmission efficiency.
It achieves optimal rate.
It assigns rate to the flows fairly.
CRRT has a high energy efficiency.
It has a high degree of fairness.
It avoids congestion drops both locally and centrally.
Disadvantages:
It uses centralized rate control mechanism.
18Cont.
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Advantages:
UHCC achieves higher throughput.
It achieves better priority-based fairness.
It has lower packet loss ratio than CCF and PCCP.
It mitigates congestion hop by hop so faster response.
Disadvantages:
It considers source traffic priority on all conditions.
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Proposed algorithm uses Buffer Occupancy as a method ofCongestion Detection.
Congestion Control is performed by Reporting Rate
adjustments.
Algorithm has to be implemented on Linux based NS2
simulator.
Algorithm considers many parameters may like higher
energy efficiency, throughput , fairness and many more.
The orientation of graphs may vary if all parameters are
considered.
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In WSNs, Congestion may cause packet loss, delay
and energy waste due to a large no. of
retransmissions and packet drops. So, it is necessary
to carry out Congestion Control which detectscongestion precisely and regulates it fairly
24
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[1] Guangxue Wang and Kai Liu, UHCC: Upstream Hop-by Hop CongestionControl in Wireless Sensor Networks,IEEE 2009.
[2] V. S. Felix Enigo and Dr. V. Ramchandran, EECC: Energy Efficient
Congestion Control Protocol for Wireless SensorNetworks, IEEE 2009.
[3] Swastik Brahma, Mainak Chatterjee and Kevin Kwiat, CCF: Congestion
Control and Fairness in Wireless Sensor Networks, IEEE 2009.
[4] Muhammad M. Alam and Choong Seon Hong, CRRT: Congestion-Aware
and Rate-Controlled Reliable Transport in Wireless Sensor Networks, IEICE
2009.
[5] Chonggang Wang, Kazem Sohraby, Victor Lawrence, Bo Li and Yueming
Hu, Priority-based Congestion control in Wireless Sensor Networks, in
Proc. ofIEEE 2006.
Cont
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[6] B. Hull, K. Jamieson and H. Balakrishnan, Mitigating congestion in wirelesssensor networks, in Proc. ofACM Sensys04.
[7] C.-T. Ee and R. Bajcsy, Congestion control and fairness for many-to-onerouting in sensor networks, in Proc. ofACM Sensys04.
[8] Y. Sankarasubramaniam, O. Akan, I. Akyildiz, ESRT: Event-to-Sink Reliable
Transport in Wireless Sensor Networks, in Proc. ofACM MobiHoc03.
[9] C.-Y. Wan, S.B. Eisenman, A. T. Campbell, CODA: Congestion detection and
avoidance in sensor networks, in Proc.ACM SenSys, Nov.2003.
[10] Kazem Sohraby, Daniel Minoli and Taieb Znati, Wireless Sensor Networks,
Technology, Protocols, and Applications, John Wiley & Sons, New York, 2007.
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Thank you..
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