ICES Marine Science Symposia

issN 0906-060X Actes du Symposium

Volume197 July 1993

Measurement of Primary Production from the Molecular to the Global Scale

A Symposium held in La Rochelle,- 21-24 April 1992

PLEASE rDON'T REMOVE OUR

VOLUME

International Council for the Exploration of the Sea

Conseil International pour l'Exploration de la Mer

ISSN 0906-060X

ICES Marine Science Symposia

Actes du Symposium

Volume197 July 1993

Measurement of Primary Production

from the Molecular to the Global Scale

Proceedings of a Symposium held in La Rochelle,

21-24 April 1992

Edited by William K. W. Li and Serge Y. Maestrini

International Council for the Exploration of the Sea

Conseil International pour l'Exploration de la Mer

ICES MSS 197

ISSN 0906-060X

July 1993

W. K. W. Li and S. Y. Maestrini

T. Platt and S. Sathyendranath

P. J. IcB. Williams

P. J. leB. Williams

J. A. Raven

J. LaRochc, R. J. G e ider , and

P. G. Falkowski

R. J. G eider

E. Sakshaug

C. Langdon

W. K. W. Li

P. G. Falkowski and Z . Kolber

R. Doerffer

W. W. C. Gieskes, G. W. Kraay,

and A. G. J. Bum a

A. Le Bouteiller

K. Banse

G. A. Jackson

W. G. Harrison

S. E. Lohrenz

Y. D andonneau

M. M. Tilzer, C. Hasc. and

1. C onrad

Measurement of Primary Production from the Molecular to the Global Scale

C ontents

In troduction 1

I. Concepts

F undam enta l issues in m easurem ent of primary production 3

On the definition of p lankton production term s 9

Chemical and tracer methods of measuring plankton production 20

II. Molecular biology and physiology

The potentia l o f molecular biological and stable isotopic ideas and 37

techniques for field m easurem ents o f marine primary productivity

M olecular biology in studies of oceanic primary production 42

Quanti ta t ive phytop lank ton physiology: implications for primary 52production and phytoplankton growth

The relationship between phy top lank ton growth rate and production with 63emphasis on respiration and excretion

The significance of respiration in production m easurem ents based on 69oxygen

III. Fluorescence and pigments

Estimation of primary production by flow cytometry 79

Estimation of phytoplankton photosynthesis by activc fluorescence 92

Estimation o f primary production by observation o f solar-stimulated 104fluoresccncc

l4C labelling of algal pigments to es timate the contr ibution of different 114taxa to primary production in natural seawater samples

IV. Isotope tracers in containers

Com parison o f in-bottle m easurem ents using l5N and l4C 121

On the dark bottle in the l4C m ethod for measuring marine 132phytoplankton production

T he importance of the D O C pool for primary production estimates 141

Nutrient recycling in production experim ents 149

Estimation of primary production by the simulated in situ m ethod 159

M easurem ent of in situ profiles of primary production using an au tom ated 172sampling and incubation device

Estimation of in situ pr imary production from param eters o f the 181

photosynthesis-light curve obtained in laboratory incubators

iii

iv ContentsIC E S m ar . Sei. S y m p . . 197 (1993)

S. E m erson , P. Q uay , C. S tump,

D. W ilbur, and R. Schudlich

J. E. R obertson and A. J. Watson

H. J. Minas and L. A. Codispoti

S. S athyendranath and T. Platt

S. Y. Maestrini, A. Sournia , and A. Herb land

A. Andrushaitis , M. Baiode , and G. Lagzdins

J. Aristegui, M. F. M onte ro ,

S. Ballesteros, G . Basterrctxea,

and R. Vanderschuur

M. Babin, M. Levasseur,

D. M ichaud, and L. Legendre

K. Banse and J R. Postei

R. G . Barlow, M. A . G ough ,

R. F. C. M a n tou ra , and

T. W. Fileman

E. Berdale t and M. Estrada

G. F. B lanchard and

P. A. M ontagna

N. P. B oucher and B. B. Prezelin

P. Boyd.,I . A iken. I. Bellan,

Z. Kolber , and C. T rees

J. G . Braun

C. Brunet , V. G en t i lhom m e, and

J. M. Brylinski

J. I. C a rre to , V. A. Lutz,

R. M. Negri, and S. G. De Marco

L. Charpy

A. M. C hckalyuk. A. A. D em idov.

V. V. Fadeev, and

M. Yu G orbunov

A. M. Chckalyuk and M. Yu G orbunov

A. M. Chckalyuk and

M. Yu G orbunov

V. Non-conservative tracers in the oceanDeterm in ing primary p roduction from the mesoscale oxygen field 196

Estimation of primary production by observation of changes in the 207

mesoscale carbon dioxide field

Estimation of primary production by observation o f changes in the 215

mcsoscale nitrate field

VI. Remote sensingR em ote sensing of watcr-column primary production

VII. PostscriptMeasuring phytop lank ton production in 1992 and the coming years: a

dilemma?

236

244

VIII. Abstracts

Eutrophication of the G ulf of Riga

R esponse of size-fractionated p lankton metabolism to upwelling events

off G ran Canaria

260

260

261Effect of the angular distribution of light on photosynthesis at the scale of

a phytop lank ton cell

Fu r th e r observations on sources of variability in satellite-derived 261

estimates of phytop lank ton production

Pigment signatures of the phytop lank ton composition in the N or theas tern

Atlantic during the 1990 spring bloom

262

Relationships be tw een nucleic acid concentration and primary production

in the Cata lan Sea (N orthw estern M edite rranean)

Short- term changes in H l4C O i uptake by benthic microalgae th roughout 263

the photic layer of the sediment

Bio-optical approaches to prediction of UV-inhib itcd rates o f primary 263

production in A ntarctic waters

A comparison of rates o f primary production as derived from 264

radiochemical m ethods and active and solar-stimulated fluorescence

Primary p roduction cycles in Canary Island waters over the last 20 years 264

Primary productivity along an inshore—offshore transect in the French 265

part of the eas tern English Channel

Variability of in vivo absorption spectra of particulate material a long a 265

transect from the coast to the continental shelf break in the A rgen tine Sea

T he im portance of the small cyanobacteria Synechococcus in the primary 266

production of atoll lagoons

Shipboard L ID A R investigations of m arine phytop lank ton 266

R em ote laser in situ m easurem ents of phy top lank ton photosynthesis

efficiency

Estimation of phytop lank ton characteristics by L ID A R rem ote sensing of

in vivo chlorophyll fluorescence

IC E S m ar . Sei. S y m p . . 197 (1993) Contents v

F. Colijn, L. Pcperzak,

G. W. K raay, andDesign and tests o f a novel incubator to be used for measuring the

phytoplankton primary production in ICES monitoring studies268

M. J. W. Veldhuis

A. D auta and J. Capblancq P motosynthesis-simulator: a tool to simulate the gross primary

production o f phytoplankton269

C. Dcscolas-Gros and L. Oriol Im portance o f ̂ -carboxylation (dark carbon assimilation) in carbon flux studies

269

A. E dw ards A mechanistic model o f the photoinhib ited P -I curve 270J. Erez, D. IIuz, B. Lazar, and

Z . DubinskyPrimary production in the nor thern G ulf of Ela t, Red Sea: a case study

for open-sea coral-reef interactions270

F. G. Figuciras, F. F. Perez, and

Y. PazosPhytoplankton P - l curves and maximum quan tum yield nea r the ice edge of the W eddell Sea (Sum m er 1988-1989)

271

Z . Z . F incnko Mesoscale changes in primary production es timated from chlorophyll

vertical profiles and photosynthesis—light curve param eters271

K. Furuya and W. K. W. Li Evaluation of photosynthetic capacity of phytop lank ton population by flow cy tometry

272

J. I. G oes , H. do R. G om es , and

A H. ParulekarEvidence o f high rates o f dark l4C 0 2 fixation in a tropical oceanic

environment272

J. C. G oldm an Potential role o f large oceanic d iatoms in new primary production 273H. J. G ons and M. R ijkeboer Diel productivity o f cyanobacteria: when does it show in surface spectral

reflectance?273

J. G os tan , M. Fiala, and E. Nicolas Effect of incubation duration on the estimation o f the P vs. I curve p aram eters

274

E. G ranèli , D. M, A nderson ,

S. Y. Maestrini, and E. PaascheLight and dark carbon fixation by the marine dinoflagellate genera Dinophysis and Ceratium

274

C. M. H appcy-W ood Bacteria and phytop lank ton interactions: effects on the productivity of "new " carbon by picoplankton

275

C. Häse and M. M. Tilzer Photosynthesis-irradiance param eters in phytoplankton: implications for productivity estimates in Lake Constance

275

N. H oepffner, T. Barker , and

P. SchlittcnhardtM arine productivity in the Northeast Atlantic: estimation from satellite data

276

M. Khondker Phytoplankton production in a well-mixed w ate r column in Bangladesh 276O. Koblentz-Mishke Q uan tum yield of photosynthesis o f marine phytoplankton m easured in

natural conditions276

K. K ononen , L. G rön lund , and

E. LahdesEvaluation of the nutr ient control hypothesis on filamentous

cyanobacteria blooms in the central G u lf o f Finland277

J. K rom kanp T he influence of vertical mixing on the photosynthesis and primary production o f a marine diatom: a culture study

277

M. Kyewalyanga O cean primary production calculated by spectral and broad-band models 278A. Latala Characteristics of photosynthetic activity of Baltic phytoplankton 278

A. Le Bouteiller Distribution of phytoplankton in the largest productive system of the

world ocean: the Pacific equatorial upwclling279

L. Legendre , B. Klein,

M. Mingelbier, and E. TamigneauxMeasuring primary production at sea: potential problem with 24-h incubations using the l4C method

280

C. L egrand and Organic production and excretion by different phytoplankton size classes 280N. Z . Malinsky-Rushansky

J. Marra Vérification o f a simple optical model for es timating daily primary

production: examples from various ocean environments281

J. McGIade, P. B auer, S. Gaito ,

J. Marshall, and D. W interModelling primary production in the mid-N orth Atlantic: a comparison of

model simulations o f phytop lank ton growth with N O A A A V H R R images281

C. Minier, F. Galgani, and

J. M. R obertIn vivo characterization o f esterase activity in Synechococcus PC C 7601,

Haslea ostrearia, and Prorocentrum micans282

G, Moncoiffe and G. Savidge Estimation o f seasonal metabolic rates in size-fractionated planktonic

com munities by the in-bottle oxygen method282

vi Contents IC E S m ar . Sei. S y m p . . 197 (1993)

F. Partensky, N. Hocpffner , and

W. K. W. Li

Y. Pazos and F. G. Figueiras

E. G. Rodriguez

N. Schilling. T. Schadtle,

R. G rü n e r , and X. Schindele

G. Schmuck, P. Schlittenhardt,

D. Van der L inde , and I. Moya

A. Van Spaendonk

D. V aulot , F. Partensky, and

R. Casotti

G. Wcichart

Photo-acclimation of m arine Prochlorococcus sp. (P rochlorophyta) in 283

culture

Photosynthctic responses in relation to species composition and the 283

environm ental conditions in the Ria de A rousa

Yearly variation in primary productivity of marine phytop lank ton from 284

the Cabo Frio region, Brazil

Dynamics of r ibulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase and 284

phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase activities in a natural phytop lank ton

succession in relation to primary production

Fluorescence induction of algae (Scenedesmus obliquus) as an indicator of 285

photosynthetic activity

Phytoplankton primary production in the Westerschclde Estuary, The 285

N etherlands

Application of flow cytometric and microfiuorometric D N A 286

m easurem ents to phytop lank ton studies

Estim ation o f primary production in the o pen sea from changes in 0 2 , 286

C 0 2, and nutr ients in the upper mixed layer

International Council for the Exploration of the Sea

Conseil International pour l’Exploration de la Mer

Palægade 2^1 DK-1261 C openhagen K D enm ark

ICES Marine Science SymposiaActes du Symposium

This series, known until 1991 as Rapports et Procès-Verbaux des Réunions, contains the scientific papers and proceedings of symposia or other special meetings held under the auspices of the International Council for the Exploration of the Sea. Volumes in this series have been published since 1903 and most of them are still available. A list of titles with current prices may be obtained from the Secretariat of

the Council.

The latest volumes are as follows:

Volume 189: Developments in Fisheries Acoustics (RPV 189). Based on a sym­posium held in Seattle in 1987. DKK 390.

Volume 190: Baltic Sea Fishery Resources (RPV 190). Based on a symposium held in Rostock in 1988. DKK 260.

Volume 191: The Early Life History of Fish (RPV 191). Based on a symposium held in Bergen in 1988. DKK 460.

Volume 192: The Ecology and Management Aspects of Extensive Mariculture (ICES MSS 192). Based on a symposium held in Nantes in 1989. DKK 230.

Volume 193: Multispecies Models Relevant to Management of Living Resources (ICES MSS 193). Based on a symposium held in The Hague in 1989. DKK 330.

Volume 194: Introductions and Transfers of Aquatic Species (ICES MSS 194).Based on a symposium held in Halifax, Nova Scotia, in 1990. DKK 120 .

Volume 195: Hydrobiological Variability in the ICES Area, 1980-1989 (ICES MSS 195). Based on a symposium held in Mariehamn in 1991. DKK 470.

Volume 196: Fish Behaviour in Relation to Fishing Operations (ICES MSS 196).Based on a symposium held in Bergen in 1992. DKK 200.

Volume 197: Measurement of Primary Production from the Molecular to the Global Scale (ICES MSS 197). Based on a symposium held in La Rochelle in 1992. DKK 260.

Subscriptions or standing orders should be placed with C. A. Reitzel A/S, Nørregade 20, DK-1165 Copenhagen K, Denmark.

Single volumes or back-number sets should be ordered from the ICES Secretariat, Palægade 2-4 , DK-1261 Copenhagen K, Denmark.

The publications will be mailed with an invoice including sales tax if applicable and the costs of airmail or surface postage plus handling.