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MEASURING THE

COMPLEXITY OFURBAN LIVING

Lubna HasanPakistan Institute of Development

Economics?? July 2007

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History of city rankings

Discontent with GDP as a measure ofwellbeing.

Objectively measured QoL indictors inthe early 70s.

Move toward subjective approaches.

Popular city ratings since 80s.

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Measurement Issues

Problems of conceptualization

Type of indicator [QoL, CoL,

Competitiveness, CompositeIndicators]

Conditions of Life Vs Satisfaction

With Life Weighting Scheme

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Research Dimension Smith LiuBoyer&Savageau

Rogerson

Env/Pollution X X X

Climate X XHousing Cost/Access X X X X

Health Care X X X X

Education X X XPublic Safety X X X

Transport/Traffic X X

Recreation X X

Business Climate X X

Cultural Diversity X X X

Cost of Living X X

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Dimension % of Studies Using theDimension

Economy 59

Environment 59

Social 59

Safety 53Education 53

Health 47

Housing 41

Amenities 35

Transportation 35

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Priority Item

1 Relationship with family

2 Health3 Finances/housing/std of living

4 Relations with others

5 Availability of work

6 Crime, politics

7 Social life/leisure activities

8 Conditions at work/job satisfaction

9 Education

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United Nations Habitat GUIP.

ADB City Data Book Database.

Mercer Human Resource ConsultingEconomist Intelligence Unit

New Zealand Quality of Life ReportingSystem

Canadian Quality of Life Reporting System Australian Unity Wellbeing Index

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UN GUIP

Tenure, population, infrastructure,economy, health & education, transport,safety, water, waste management, localgovernment.

CDI = (Infrastructure index + Waste index+ Education index + Health index + City

product index) /5

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Infrastructure = 25 x Water connections +

25 x Sewerage + 25 x Electricity + 25 xTelephone

Waste = Wastewater treated x 50 +Formal solid waste disposal x 50

Health = (Life expectancy 25) x 50/60 +(32 Child mortality) x 50/31.92

Education = Literacy x 25 + Combinedenrolment x 25

Product = (log City product -4.61) x100/5.99

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ADB Urban Indicators forManaging Cities

CDI is similar to GUIP

Calculates congestion and connectivity

index

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Research Dimension Mercer EIU NQoL CQoL

Economic X X X X

Climate X X XHousing X X X X

Health Care X X X X

Education X X X XPublic Safety X X X X

Transport (Built Env) X X X X

Recreation X X X

Culture X X

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City Developemnt Index

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

Stockh

olm

Mad

rid

Prag

ueDo

ha

Buen

osAire

s

Sant

oAn

dre/

Sao

Paulo

Bulaw

ayo

Port

ofSp

ain

Hara

re

Jaka

rta

Cebu

Dama

scus

Laho

re

Colom

bo

Casabla

nca

Asun

cion

Bagh

dad

Gaza

Chitt

agon

g

Kins

hasa

CDI

Value

CDI

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Ranking of World Cities by GUO City Development Index

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160

CDI Rank

CDIV

alue

CDI

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Connectivity Index

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

HongKongSeoul

Melboune

BangaloreHanoi

KathmanduCebu

Dhaka

Mandaluyong

Medan

Colombo

LahoreSuva

Bishkek

PhnomPenh

Ulaanbaatar

Naga

Hohhot

Connectivity

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Congestion Index

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

DhakaSeoul

Bangalore

Lahore

Mandaluyong

HongKong

Hohhot

Colombo

Medan

Hanoi

PhnomPenh

Kathmandu

Ulaanbaatar

Cebu

BishkekNagaSuva

Melboune

Congestion

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Mercer Human ResourceConsulting

Cost of Living SurveyRankings COL Index

March

2006

March

2005

City Country March

2006

March

2005

68 105 MUMBAI INDIA 79.9 70.8

131 127 DHAKA BDESH 62.5 62.5

139 141 BGLORE INDIA 56.4 51.7

140 136 KARACHI PAKISTAN 56.1 56.1

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Conclusion

At present, there is no country-wide qualityof life reporting system in Pakistan.

The only efforts at measuring cities UN-Habitats Global Urban Indicators Programand ADB Cities Data Book - have limitedscope.

They are restricted to a maximum of twocities

These exercises are not carried out on yearlybasis

They have their own agenda.

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Conclusion

There is a need to build Quality of LifeMonitoring System for Pakistan

Issues to be sorted out Choice of Indicator

Choice of attributes

Weighing scheme