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Measuring the Internet in
South East Asia
“When you measure what you are speaking about and
express it in numbers, you know something about it, but when you cannot express it in
numbers your knowledge about is of a meagre and
unsatisfactory kind.”—Lord Kelvin
The Internet in South East AsiaBangkok, 21-23 November 2001
Overview
Conventional comparisonsUseful ICT indicators Defining access to ICTFrameworksSourcesConclusions
The SE Asia Digital Divide I
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120
MyanmarLao P.D.R.CambodiaViet NamIndonesia
ASEANPhilippines
ThailandMalaysia
BruneiSingapore
FixedMobile
Telephone subscribers per 100 inhabitants2000
Source: ITU.
The SE Asia Digital Divide II
0.1%
0.1%
0.3%
0.9%
2.0%
2.3%
3.8%
15.8%
24.9%
0% 5% 10% 15% 20% 25% 30%
Cambodia
Laos
Vietnam
Indonesia
Philippines
ASEAN 8
Thailand
Malaysia
Singapore
Internet users as % of population2000
Source: ITU.
How many Internet users?Who knows…
What is a user?Regular surveys are only conducted in SingaporeIn other countries, estimates based on subscribersThat such an important indicator should be so unmethodological is shocking!
14%
32%36% 43%
Nielsen*NetValue IDA Nielsen**
Note: * Used in last month. ** Total universe. Source: ITU adapted from sources shown.
Singapore: Internet users as % of population, mid-
2000
Internet subscribers
Not all countries compile (Thailand & Philippines)“Free” access distorts (Singapore)How to account for access-on-demand and pre-paid cards?
0.0% 1.0% 100.0%
Laos
Cambodia
Vietnam
Indonesia
Philippines
ASEAN 8
Thailand
Malaysia
Singapore
Users
Subscribers
Per 100 inhabitants, 2000
Source: ITU.
Internet pricing
$0 $10 $20 $30 $40 $50
Singapore
MalaysiaThailand
Indonesia
PhilippinesMEDIAN
Vietnam
LaosCambodia
ISP chargeTelephone usageTelephone rental
30 hours of Internet access, US$, October 2001Source: ITU adapted from ISPs / PTOs
International Internet bandwidth
1'360
442
816
470
1'870
625
1'448
1'898
903
656.74
9.77
0.565.117.22
0.570.621.62
31.53
Singa
pore
Malays
ia
Indon
esia
Viet
nam
Cambo
dia
Thail
and
Philipp
ines
Laos
ASEA
N 8
Per subscriber
Per capita
Bits per second
Definition: ICT Universal Service
Universal service to Information & Communication Technology is defined as household access to the InternetProblem is, only Singapore has the information
98%
61%
50%
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
TelephonePCInternet
Singapore% of households2000
Survey on Infocomm Usage in Households 2000 http://www.ida.gov.sg/Website/IDAContent.nsf/dd1521f1e79ecf3bc825682f0045a340/fa305296969a7951c8256ab7000c7eca?OpenDocument
Household telephones
1%
3%
8%
11%
13%
28%
66%
98%
0% 25% 50% 75% 100%
Cambodia*
Laos*
Vietnam*
Indonesia*
Philippines*
Thailand#
Malaysia*
Singapore#
Note: # = Census data. * = Derived from residential fixed telephone lines.Source: ITU.
% of households with a telephone, 2000
Definition: ICT Universal Access
Access to ICT Physical ownership / availability Affordability Skills
“There will always be segments of any society that will not want to avail themselves of technology…”“In essence, the real difference between the info-poor and the info-rich is the inequality of physical and financial access to ICT and in the actual usage of sources of information in a particular society.”
Source: www.nitc.org.my/resources/AccessEquity.pdf
Sizing the market
No access14%
No formal edu-
cation4%
>65 years4%
<6 years4%
In school28%
Only primar
y14%
Others32%
Univ-ersities
5%
High School
18%
Offices16%Warnet
50%
Relig-ous
schools11%
Potential Internet Users in Indonesia Total: 61 million
29% of 2000 population
Market segmentationin Malaysia, 2000
Sourc
e:
Post
el.
Sourc
e:
NIT
A.
Frameworks
Growing number of indexes for measuring “e-readiness”Problem is many use same indicatorsHow useful are they?
Mosaic comparison
0
1
2
3
4Pervasiveness
Dispersion
Absorption
Connectivity
Organizational
Sophistication
SingaporeMalaysiaThailand
Statistical agency Telecom regulator
Indonesia Statistics Indonesia www.bps.go.id
POSTELwww.postel.go.id
Malaysia Department of Statisticswww.statistics.gov.my
CMC www.cmc.gov.my
Singapore Statistics Singaporewww.singstat.gov.sg
IDAwww.ida.gov.sg
Vietnam General Statistical Office DGPT
Cambodia MPTC
Thailand PTD
Philippines
NTC
Laos National Statistical Centre
MCPTC
Market research
Malaysia & Thai 2000 Census
Are the following items available for use by members of this Household:
Radio / Hi-fi Television Video / VCD / DVD Fixed Telephone Line Mobile phone Personal Computer (PC) Internet SubscriptionSource: Question B7.
Population and Housing Census Malaysia 2000
77.2
73.5
64.5
27.7
25.1
10.3
91.5Television
Radio
Refrigerator
Motor cycle
Telephone
Motor car
AC
% of households with durable appliance
Source: Thailand 2000 Censuswww.nso.go.th/pop2000/pop2000.htm
Telephone distribution in Thailand
76%
36%28%
22% 21%
12%
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
Bangkok Central THAILAND Southern Northern North-eastern
% of households with telephoneBy region, 2000
Source: Thailand 2000 Censuswww.nso.go.th/pop2000/pop2000.htm
Key indicatorsNumber of fixed telephone subscribers Homes with a fixed telephone subscription (%)
Estimated Internet users
Internet subscribers - Dial-up Internet subscribers - Leased line Internet subscribers - DSL Internet subscribers - Cable modem Internet subscribers - Other broadband Internet subscribersHomes with an Internet subscription (%)
International Internet Bandwidth (Mbps) - International outgoing Internet Bandwidth (Mbps) - International incoming Internet Bandwidth (Mbps)
Total dial-up Internet traffic (minutes)
Number of Personal ComputersHomes with a Personal Computer (%)
Market research for Singapore
Number of Sessions per Month Number of Unique Sites Visited Time Spent per Site Time Spent per Month Time Spent During Surfing Session Duration of a Page viewed Active Internet Universe Current Internet Universe Estimate
15 40 21:33 8:35:04 33:30 00:36 871,938 2,120,318
INTERNET USAGE STATISTICS FOR THE MONTH OF OCTOBER 2001
Conclusions
Access to ICT is not the same thing as use. Regulators should mandate ICT availability but can only encourage use.Regulators must work with national statistical agencies to include questions about ICT availability in annual household surveys.Regulators must use statistics to gauge ICT development in the country and evolve strategies for enhancing access.
