Meat hygiene Meat hygiene practical 4practical 4

Substitution and differentiation of the various carcasses

The main substitution of inferior flesh is highly valued for horse flesh and beef ,

goat for mutton occasionally, cat for rabbit.

The differentiation of the animals are for

-Detection the adulteration and substitution -Law judgment reason.

Differentiation of carcasses of horse and oxDifferentiation of carcasses of horse and ox-:-:

11 - -In the horse the In the horse the unusual length of the sides unusual length of the sides is noticeable, is noticeable,

with the great muscular development in hind limbswith the great muscular development in hind limbs . .

22-- The thoracic cavity is longer in the horse: this animal The thoracic cavity is longer in the horse: this animal

possesses possesses 18 pairs of ribs, cow and dog is 13 pairs18 pairs of ribs, cow and dog is 13 pairs . .

33-- The ribs in the horse are The ribs in the horse are narrower but more markedly narrower but more markedly

curvedcurved . .

44-- The spinal processes of the anterior dorsal vertebrae of The spinal processes of the anterior dorsal vertebrae of

the horse are the horse are shorter and stoutershorter and stouter

55-- In the forelimb of horse, theIn the forelimb of horse, the

ulna extends half the length ofulna extends half the length of

the radius; in the ox it extends and the radius; in the ox it extends and articulates with the carpusarticulates with the carpus . .

66-- The head of the fibula in the oxThe head of the fibula in the ox

is hook- shaped. In the horse it separates is hook- shaped. In the horse it separates and extends two- thirds down the tibiaand extends two- thirds down the tibia . .

77-- The horse carcass shows the development of The horse carcass shows the development of

soft yellow fat beneath the peritoneum, soft yellow fat beneath the peritoneum, particularly in the gelding and mare, but in particularly in the gelding and mare, but in the stallion the fat is lighter in color and almost white the stallion the fat is lighter in color and almost white . .

..

Horse skeletonHorse skeletonOx skeletonOx skeleton

Dog's carcassDog's carcass

11 - -Numbers of vertebraeNumbers of vertebrae

Cervical thoracic lum. sacral Cervical thoracic lum. sacral cocecoce..

77 1313 77 33 20-2320-23

22 - -RibsRibs-:-:

True = 9True = 9

False = 4False = 4

33 - -The last rib are very small & free from the sternumThe last rib are very small & free from the sternum . .

44 - -The scapula contains a spine divided into 2 equal partsThe scapula contains a spine divided into 2 equal parts . .

55 - -There is inter-osseous space between the radius and ulnaThere is inter-osseous space between the radius and ulna . .

66 - -The fibula extends as long as the tibia with the existence The fibula extends as long as the tibia with the existence

of space between themof space between them . .

77 - -The fats are very lowThe fats are very low . .

88 - -The specific dogs smell from the The specific dogs smell from the

carcass carcass . .

99 - -Small bones, small jointsSmall bones, small joints . .

Differentiation of carcasses of sheep and goatDifferentiation of carcasses of sheep and goat::

feature sheep goatfeature sheep goat

--Back & withers round & well fleshed Sharpe little fleshBack & withers round & well fleshed Sharpe little flesh

--Thorax Thorax barrel-shaped flattened laterally barrel-shaped flattened laterally

Neck short longNeck short long

--Radius 1Radius 1¼¼ times length of metacarpus twice as metacarpus times length of metacarpus twice as metacarpus

--Scapula short & broad narrow spine and straight Scapula short & broad narrow spine and straight Superior spine bent back & thickened Superior spine bent back & thickened

- - Sacrum Sacrum ? lateral borders thickened in form of lateral borders thin and sharp ? lateral borders thickened in form of lateral borders thin and sharp RollsRolls

Flesh pale red & fine in texture dark red & with goaty odourFlesh pale red & fine in texture dark red & with goaty odour sticky sub cutaneous sticky sub cutaneous

tissue which may have tissue which may have adherent goat hairs adherent goat hairs

Fat fats are distribute through the muscles, but fat's are in low level stickyFat fats are distribute through the muscles, but fat's are in low level sticky are are low around the kidney low around the kidney fat are very much around the fat are very much around the

kidney kidney

Limbs are short are longLimbs are short are long

General view showing a thickness showing a thinness in hindGeneral view showing a thickness showing a thinness in hind of the carcass in hind limb region giving a limb region giving V shapeof the carcass in hind limb region giving a limb region giving V shape

U shapeU shape

Goat skeletonGoat skeleton Sheep skeletonSheep skeleton