466 BERLIN.-MEDICAL NKWS.

indefinitely deferred. Its cost is said to be going to be7,000,000 francs. In contrast to this, the sanatorium ofHauteville-en-Bugey (Ain), built privately on an excellentmountain site under the auspices of the Lyons Associationfor the Tuberculous Poor, will be opened on August 23rd.Patients desirous of admission must present themselves at theHotel Dieu at Lyons on Monday, August ?Otb. The tuber-culous poor of Paris, however, must wait.August 7th.

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BERLIN.

(FROM OUR OWN CORRESPONDENT.)

Bacteriology of Scarlet Fever.Professor Baginsky and Dr.. Sommerfeld of the Kaiser

Friedrich Hospital in Berlin have made some importantbacteriological observations on the bodies of children whohad died from scarlet fever. In an article published in theBerliner Klinische Wochenschrift they report the result ofthe post-mortem examination of the blood and internal

organs of 42 children ; they also examined the blood of aliving child in whom venesection was performed on accountof dyspnoea, and the fluid obtained from another patient bypuncture of the spinal canal. In the case of the deceasedchildren the blood was taken from the heart immediatelyafter death, and, moreover, pieces of the bone-marrow, thelungs, the spleen, the kidneys, the glands, the contents of thegall-bladder were examined. Cultures were made on bouillonand on agar, the result being that a streptococcus was foundto be present in every instance, sometimes growing like a pureculture in the blood taken from the heart as well as in thebone-marrow. The presence of the streptococcus was inde-pendent of the character of the disease ; it appeared in thevery malignant cases, where death occurred within a fewdays, as well as in those in which death took place at a laterstage from complications. The streptococci grew in seriesof from three to fifty individuals, the form varyingaccording to the culture medium. Sometimes diplococciwere found. They were easily stained with anilincolours and they retained the colour with Gram’sstain. They grew on alkaline bouillon, agar, blood-serum,&c., and did not liquefy gelatin; the colonies were likethose of the other species of streptococci. Experiments onanimals showed that the cultures differed greatly in viru-lence ; sometimes small quantities were sufficient to killanimals, in other cases the inoculations wer e harmless. Thevirulence of the streptococci could be augmented byrepeated inoculations. The animals died with sym-ptoms of septicaemia, swelling of the spleen, and hyper-æmia of the kidneys and intestines, and pure growthsof the streptoceccus were found in their organs. Thevirulence of the cultures decreased after a few days, butwhen the cultures were preserved by ice it remained

unimpaired for four or five weeks. The media in which thecocci were cultivated became very virulent, injections of

pepton-bouillon killing animals within 24 hours. Professor

Baginsky and Dr. Sommerfeld in their résumé do not assertthat this coccus is the specific cause of scarlet fever, althoughthey attach importance to the fact that it was found in all42 cases examined. It would be possible to recognise a caseas scarlet fever if this streptococcus were present in thebody.

Intermittent Smelling of the Joants.Dr. Theodor Benda has drawn attention to certain morbid

conditions of the joints termed by him hydrops articulorumintermittens." The characteristic symptom of this diseaseis that a joint, especially the knee-joint, becomes swollen atperiodical intervals which are, as a rule, very regular. The

swelling sometimes occurs every eighth, sometimes everyeleventh, day, and so on. In a few instances the swellingappeared every day at the same time and lasted for about anhour. In the majority of cases the swelling was not verypainful nor was the patient’s state altered. Fever seldomoccurred. The affection was sometimes the sequel of atraumatic lesion. The prognosis was very uncertain. Inone instance the disease continued for 20 years ; in anotherinstance it terminated in recovery after 13 years. Completerecovery was obtained in about 33 per cent. of the cases, butin about 50 per cent. no alteration was perceptible, whilst inthe remaining cases the attacks became less frequent. A greatmany remedies have been tried, but the results of treatmenthave not been satisfactory. Injections of iodoform and earl oUc

acid into the joint, and the administration of quinine andarsenic were tried, while electricity and balneological treat.ment were successful in one case and unsuccessful in anotherOpinions differ very much as to the nature of the affectionDr. Benda has found 55 cases described in the medicalliterature of different countries, not including two patientsobserved by himself. The efficacy of quinine in some caseshas been ascribed to a connexion with malaria; rheumaticfever, syphilis, menstruation, and other causes have alsobeen alleged. The majority of the writers on the subjectare of opinion that the fits are due to a neurosis of th,vaso-motor nerves, as some of the patients also sufferedfrom other nervous symptoms, such as paralysis, epilepsy,hysteria, &c. Dr. Benda says that the etiology of theaffection is not yet known. The causes of the periodicitywhich is the characteristic symptom of the disease are justas obscure as those of other periodical phenomena such ashemicrania and recurrent insanity.

Medical Congresses.The German Association of Naturalists and Medical Men.

will meet this year at Aix-la-Chapelle. This town has beenchosen as it is situated on the direct line of communicationbetween North Germany and Paris and so that membersreturning from the Paris Exhibition may find it easy toattend the meeting. Aix-la-Chapelle has a considerablenumber of British visitors who may perhaps feel an interestin some of the subjects discussed. Papers will be read bythe celebrated chemist Professor van ’tHoff on InorganicNature, by Professor Hertwig on the Development of

Biology, and by Professor Naunyn on the Present Position oiClinical Medicine. Dr. von Drigalski will deliver an addresson the expedition to the South Pole, and Dr. Haussmann willdiscourse on some problems connected with cells and theirimportance for organotherapy, &c. In the medical section thetheory of neurons will be discussed.-Professor Virchow was-elected honorary president of the International Congress ofthe Medical Press held in Paris from July 26th to 28th. TheAssociation of the German Medical Press was representedby Professor Posner, editor of the Berliner klinische Wochen.schrift.August 6th.

Medical News.ROYAL COLLEGES OF PHYSICIANS AND SURGEONS

OF EDINBURGH AND FACULTY OF PHYSICIANS AKD

SURGEONS OF GLASGOW. — At recent sittings of theScottish Conjoint Board held at Glasgow the followingcandidates passed the respective examinations : -First examination (five years’ course).—Ernest Gaunt, Yorkshire-

College, Leeds; John Clegg Pickup, Glasgow University; Archi-bald Frank Spinks, Anderson’s College ; Percival Henderson, Uni.versity College, Liverpool; William Wallace Dempster, Rueen’sCollege, Belfast; Michael Joseph J. De Jong, Cevlon MedicalCollege ; William Arthur Magill, Queen’s College, Belfast; WilliamMiller Ramsay, St. Mungo’s College ; J. J. F. M. 0 ’Flaherty,Queen’s College, Galwav ; Michael Philip Desmond, QueensCollege, Cork ; James B. Patterson, St. Mungo’s College (with dis-tinction) ; Thomas F. Murphy, Queen’s College, Cork; NormanD.Watch and George Hart, Anderson’s College ; and John H. Roberts,St Mungo’s College.

First examination (four years’ course).—Adam Ardill, Dublin Schools.Second examination (five years’ course).-Robert Calder Blyth,Archibald M. Laurie, and William Douglas Cockburn, St. Mungo’sCollege ; Walter Ball, University College, Liverpool, andAnderson’s College (with distinction); Henry Raynor Helsby,University College, Bangor, and St. Mungo’s College; JohtForbes Webster, and Reginald Norman Macdonald, Anderson’5College ; Alexander Russell Young and Thomas Joseph M’Caigney,St. Mungo’s College ; and Michael John M’Carthy, Queen’sCollege, Cork.

Second examination (four years’ course).-Thomas B. Trotter.i Anderson’s College ; and Honotine Forbes, Calcutta Medical

College.Third examination.—Andrew Young and John Kean, St. Mungo’sCollege ; Alice Evangeline Brown, London School of Medicinefor Women; Ethelbert Hearn, Firth College, Sheffield ; RobertJohn Roberts, St. Mungo’s College ; Joseph Edwin Cooper,Newcastle School of Medicine; Rudolph de Mello, Grant MedicalCollege, Bombay ; and Ernest L. M. Haeketr, Queen’a College,Cork.

Final examination (and aduritted Licentiate of the three co-

operating authorities).—Percival Horace Rainbird and GeorgeJohnstone Campbell, St. Mungo’s College; Alice Miles, QueenMargaret College; Sarah Harper Smith, London School of Medicinefor Women ; Albert Edward Ward, Anderson’s College; JohnThomson Malloch and Harry Miller Roberts, St. Mungo’sCollege; Mary Eleanor Rocke. London School of Medicine forWomen ; Rupert Edward Moorhead, Anderson’s College andGlasgow University ; Charlotte Rudd, Ceylon Medical College

467MEDICAL NEWS.—PARLIAMENTARY INTELLIGENCE.

Richmond Goulden, Owens College. Manchester; David Cromttieand Thomas Day Bird, St. Mungo’s OoJlege; Richard HendersottO. Garbutt,, Newcastle School of Medicine ; Andrew AsherBrown, Surgeons’ Hal1, Edinburgh; Richard M’Kim Wilkin.Anderson’s College and Queen’s College, Belfast ; Abraham

George Sutton. Queen’s College. Cork; Alexander Scoular,Anderson’s College; James T. O’Connor, (Queen’s College,Cork; John James Lynch, Queen’s College, Cork ; FrancisFernandes, Grant Medical College, Bombay ; Harold Robert Love-rock, Royal College of Surgeon-. Ireland; John Tavlor, GlasgowSchools; Samuel Graham Kinloclt, Edinburgh School ; Rudolph de,ltello, Grant. Medical College, Bombay: Albert George MearcsMelbourne University; Daniel Samuel Coto and Augustus DanielKearney, Melbourne University; William John Buekmaster

Queen’s Cnllege, Cork; Thomas Randolph Hunter, Andersen’sand St. Mungo’s Colleges ; Thomas Baird Trotter. AberdeenUnivprsity and Anderson’s College ; Patrick Brady, Dublin School; ’,and Francis Joseph Nolan, Dublin School.

UNIVERSITY OF EDINBURGH.—The following isthe official list of passes at the recent examinations fordegrees in medicine and surgery :-

First professional examination.—M. 1. All Khan John Allan, D. 1.Anderson. C. T. Ayana, E. A. Aylward. J. W. H. Babington,li. B. Burnetson, J. R. Ba.rtho)omew. W. J. Basson, Ben-,jamin Batv, W. P. Beattie, D. W. Boswell, F. T. Bower-t)ank, F. R. Bremner, M.A., David Brown, W. S. MurdochBrcwD, L. G. Bruce, G. L. Brunton, Mary T. Cameron,T. F. Campbell, T. E. Carl.vle, V. T. Carruthers, Mildred M. L.Cathels, R. A. Chapman, W. P. Clirystall, D. M. C. Church.Lizzie M. S. Clark, John Clarke, M. L. Cohen, B.A., A. G. Coullie."1’. E. Coulson, James Craw (with distinction), G. A. Davies, RobertDonaldson, M.A, S. E. Douglas, C. E. Dnmanoire, E. J. Elliot,Hugh Ferguson, J. M. R. Flament, W. H. Fojsyth. W. J. Fraser,N. J. H. Gavin, H. V. Goldstein, Eleanor A. Gorrie, Percy Gosnold,B A., Thomas Gowans, J. M. Graham, William Grant, W. W. Greer,E. J. Griffiths, Elizabeth C. Gunn, T. M. Guthrie, P. A. Harry. A. W.Hogg, M. A. Huk, M. M. Huk. J. H. Hume, K. U. A Innis, Ada Jaek-son, John Jardine, William Jarvis, J. M. Johnston, J. H. H. Joubert,’G. P. Joy, S. F. Jung, G. F. S. Landon, F. E. Larkin.s, S. W. S.Leary, A. G. Leitch, A. J. Lewis, C. W. Lewi-, B.A., Jamesl,ochhead, M.A., D. H. C. MacArthur, S. A. M’Clintock, WilliamM’Conaghy, J. S. MacDonald, J. W. M’Ewan, J. P. M’Gowan,M.A, H. R. Macintyre, James Mackenzie, Amy M. Mackintosh,William MacLaren, Neil M’Leod, Alexander MacRae, M. M.Mimoaria.n. L. S. Milne, K. A. Moody-Stuart, W. M. Munby,D. S. Murray, A. W. Neil], C. D. O’Neal, Armand Pampellonne,Bernard Pickering, Florence M. S. Price, D. S. R. Rao. H. S. Reid,Margaret H. Robertsnn, Thomas Robertson, Joseph Robinson,3.Sc.. S. C. Roy, C. S. Ryles, A. I. Shepheard.Walwvn, F. R.Sinton, L. H. Skene, C. J. Smith, E. H. Smith. G. M. Smith,R A. L. van Someren, Patrick Steele, George Stewart, H. M.Thompson, Archibald Tedrick, Rose C. Townend, Caroline Twigge,G. H. Ossher. F. L. de Verteuil, William Waddell, Thomas Walsh,R. H. Watt, W. H. Welsh, D. W. Wilton, W. B. Wishart, ThomasWright, and Margaret C. W. Young. M.A.

B cond professional. exanzinatiotz.-Farhat Ali, W. L. L. Alston,Lewis Auderson, W. W. Anderson, R. G. Archibald, James Arthur,Nina H. Beath, Constance A. Bennet, J. G. Briggs, W. A. Brown,G. G. Buchanan, W. C. Bartnrn, E. E. Cassaday, R. V. Clark,M.A , Maurica Davies, A. R. Douglas, C. B. Drew. Percy El-Karey.John Fairbairn. A. B. Flett, Agnes J. Gardner, P. E. H. Guiseppi,W. L M. Goldie, R. G. Gordon, Philip Hallam, D. J. Hamman,Frances M. Harper, A. O. Hooper, William Hume, John Hunter,Arthur Hutley, Bertha Jex-Blake, Saiduzzafar Khan, E. A. King,W. E. Knight, Hermann Kramer, Vivian Langmore, AbrahamLeach, Duncan Lorimer, A. W. B Loudon, W. F. Maodonald. Daniel31ackinnoia, S. IV. Maclean, J. J. M’Millan, E. L. Meynell, R. C.Monnington, A. E. Morton, E. J. Morton, P. H. Mules, R. S.Munro, Frank O’Neill, Sophie Palmer, Herdman Porter. E. C.Prichard, Agne3 M. Pringle, A. M. Prvee, A. F. H. Rabagliati,J. J. Redhead, E. M. Reece, R. E. Russell, C. W. Y. Ruther-tord. David Sandler, Meurice Sinclair, G. W. R. Skeen, G. D.aloan, D. W. Standley, Elbert Steyn, G. C. Trotter, PhilipVickers, J. F. van de S. de Villiers, John Wallace, B.Se., GeorgeWright, and E. E. Wood.

Third professional examination.—D. Aitken, M.A., R. V. C.Ash. J. W. Barrack, E. 8. Brett, D. G. Carmichael, A. W. S. Christie,R. V. Clark, MA., H. L. Clift, W. I. Duun, O.J. Evans, A. H.Fitth, G. A. Forrest, Robert Hamilton, P. J. Hay, John Jamieson,G A. Jolly, E. W. Lewis, C. H. Liodsay, Samuel Lyle, Harriet E.1I1’Jloghrl’. H. K. Macdonald, Wilfrid M’Farlane, N. F. Maeffardy,(reorge M Neill, Thomas Mill, Robert Morison, William Murray,J. G. Peebles, E. T. Potts, L. T. Price, F. L. Rigby, J. S. E. Robert-oon, A. L. Roxburgh, G. W. R. Skeen, C. W. Somerville, B. A.Spence, C. S. Steavenson, I. S Stewart, G. C. Strathairn, JohnSuttivan. H. P. Thomson, E. J. Tyrrell, A. G. Waugh, and AdaWilkinson.

DEATHS OF EMINENT FOREIGN MEDICAL MEN.-fhe deaths of the following eminent foreign medical men areannounced :-Professor A. Born of Breslau, aged 50 years.tfis subject was anatomy and more particularly embryology.-Dr. Moussier, surgeon to the Nantes hospitals.-Dr. Skene,formerly Professor of Gyccesology in Long Island Collegerh-pttal, Brooklyn.-Dr. Shakespeare, a well-known Phila-elphian ophthalmic surgeon. - Dr. Sutuguin, formerlyrent of Gynaecology in the St. Petersburg MedicalAcademy.—Dr. John Ashhnrat, the well-known Americansurgeon. He was formerly Professor in the University ofPennsylvania. - Dr. Hermann Dohnberg, Professor ofOphthalmology in St. Petersburg, has been assassinated.-Dr. Kristeller, privat-docent of Gynæcology in Berlin.—Dr.B. D. Howard, formerly Professor of Surgery in the Universityof Vermont.

NEWTON ABBOT WORKHOUSE.—At the meetingof the Newton Abbot (Devon) Board of Guardians held onAugust 2nd it was reported that £19,000 had been alreadyexpended upon the new building. The guardians resolved toapply to the Local Government Board for permission toborrow an additional E5500 for the erection of a new board-room and also for providing receiving wards and tramps’wards.

THE OWENS COLLEGE.—The council has ap-pointed Mr. F. A. Southam to be Professor of Clinical Surgeryin place of Mr. W. Whitehead, who has resigned, and Mr. G. A.Wright to be Professor of Systematic Surgery in place of thelate Mr. T. Jones. These appointments are subject to the con-firmation of the Court of Governors which will meet in October.The council has also appointed Mr. W. Thorburn to beLecturer in Operative Surgery and Mr. Joseph Collier to beLecturer in Practical Surgery.PRESENTATION TO A MEDICAL MAN.-In con-

nexion with the legal proceedings taken against him twelvemonths since (which resulted entirely in his favour), the heavylaw expenditure which he incurred, and his subsequently fail-ing health, Mr. James Joseph Tracy, NT.B. R.U.I., of Cork, hasjust been presented with a testimonial. At a recent meetingof his professional brethren it was unanimously resolvedto present Dr. Tracy with an address and a purse of sovereignsas tokens of sympathy and esteem. Dr. N. J. Hobart madethe presentation on behalf of the subscribers.

INOCULATION FOR THE PLAGUE.-The annualreport of the Presbyterian Mission Hospital at Miraj, underthe charge of Dr. W. J. Wanless, has jast been issued. Inreality it deals with parts of the years 1898 and 1899.For three and a half months in 1898 and the early months of1899 plague prevailed in the town of Miraj resulting in thepractical closure of the hospital and dispensary during thistime. A fall 12 months’ work in either year could nottherefore be recorded. With regard to the plague the reportsays the great benefit derived from inoculation is evidentfrom the following : there were among the once inoculated39 attacks and 22 deaths, and among the twice inoculatedtwo attacks and one death. The population in the town andfields of uninoculated persons from Sept. 13th, 1898, toMarch 13th, 1899 (six months), could not have been lessthan 1300. Among these uninoculated persons there were1314 attacks and 1092 deaths, a rate (to the population) of10.1 per cent. of attacks and a rate of 8’4 per cent. ofdeaths, and a percentage of 83.1 of deaths among theattacked, while among the once inoculated the rate of attacks(to the population) was 1-9 per cent., and of deaths 0’8.In the twice inoculated the rate of the attacks was 0’4 percent., and the rate of deaths 0-2 per cent. The total numberof inoculations against plague with Haffkine’s prophylacticserum performed in this dispensary to Dec. 31st, 1899, was4274.

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Parliamentary Intelligence.HOUSE OF COMMONS.

THURSDAY, AUGUST 2ND.

The Vaccination Question in Scotland.MR. EDMUND R013KRTS()N asked the Lord Advocate whether his

attention had been called to the recent conviction in the DundeeSheriff Court of a number of men for failing or refusing to have theirchildren vaccinated, and to the fact that accused pleaded conscientiousobjections, and on conviction preferred to go to prison rather thanpay the lines imposed; whether similar cases have occurredin other parts of Scotland; and, whether, having regard to thedifference now existing between the laws of England and Scotlandon tbii matter, and to the dissatisfaction created thereby, theGovernment would consider the question of the assimilationof the laws of the two countries on this matter.-The LORDADVOCATE replied : I have seen a report of the Dundee case referredto and I am aware of similar cases in Aberdeen and Kirkcaldv. Ibelieve such cases, however, to be very few. In the six convictions atDundee referred to five went to prison and one paid the tine. One ofthe live paid the fine pro tanto after a detention of one day. I havereason to believe that there is a great preponderance of opinion inScotland in favour of the existing law, and the Government do notpropose to consider the question of assimilating the Scotch law tothe English law.

Water Filters for South Africa.Dr. FARQUHARSON asked the Under Secretary of State for War

whether, considering the spread of enteric fever in South Africa, hewould consider the possibility of increasing the number of pocketRustem filters served out to the troops on active service there.-Mr.WYNDHAM replied : No filters of the kind referred to have been issued