Upload
waseem-yousaf
View
225
Download
0
Embed Size (px)
Citation preview
7/23/2019 medicated soap
1/24
Chapter#1Introduction
CHAPTER ONE
1.0 INTRODUCTION
In our daily life we use different forms of soap. We cant imagine a single day without theuse of soap. It is an essential part of cleanliness in our civilized society. Soap is an
important surface-active agent and it is chemically the alkaline metal salt of long-chain
fatty acids.
Fatty acid + base soap + water
The most common used fat or oils for production of soap through saponification reactions
are animal tallow, coconut oil, palm oil, kernel oil and linseed oil.
1.1 WHAT IS MEDICATED SOAP?
Medicated soap have the germicidal substance like, Triclosan, trichlocarbon etc. are
incorporated into them, in order to enhance their antibacterial activity.
These germicide substance are normally added in a specified amount and percentage of
the substance used are always stated on the soap case or inside the lesflet which certain
the information on how to use the soap for various purposes.
1.2 HOW DOES ANTIBACTERIAL SOAP WORKS?
Antibacterial soaps contain a special ingredient to kill or control the growth of germs.
When washing with an antibacterial soap, more than 99% of the germs that have been
picked up on the hands are typically eliminated. In contrast, washing with plain soap
initially removes fewer germs through friction, but the germs left on the hands can
quickly regrow, increase in number and spread from person to person.
1.3 WHAT KINDS OF GERMS DO ANTIBACTERIAL SOAP KILL?
Antibacterial soaps kill or inhibit bacteria that cause skin infections, food poisoning,
intestinal illnesses and other commonly transmitted diseases, such as E. coli,
Staphylococci, Salmonella, etc. Their effectiveness can depend on the antibacterial
ingredient concentration, the product formulation and its contact time on the skin. It is
also important to follow the product label directions.
7/23/2019 medicated soap
2/24
Chapter#1Introduction
1.4 HOW DO ANTIBACTERIAL SOAPS WORK?
Antibacterial soaps are categorized as over-the-counter (OTC) drugs by the Food and
Drug Administration (FDA) and they are regulated in accordance with the provisions of
the Federal Food, Drug and Cosmetic Act (FFDCA). This requires that they demonstrate
their safety and effectiveness.
Scientists use standard approved clinical and laboratory tests to evaluate the effectiveness
of antibacterial soaps.
Antibacterial hand washes have been shown to reduce the numbers of germs on the skin
to a greater extent than washing with plain soap.
1.5 DESIGN
An antibacterial soap is designed to safely kill germs and cleanse the skin. The formulator
must therefore consider the types of organisms the product should be effective against
and how much time is required for the product to work. The formulator must also
consider factors related to cleansing such as foam quality, speed of foaming, rinsability,
and skin feels, to name a few. In addition, the product's aesthetic qualities (how it looks
and smells) must also be evaluated. The chemist formulating such products must address
all of these factors. The chemist must design the formula, (a recipe which identifies the
ingredients and the quantities used), the manufacturing procedure (which instructs how to
make the product), and the product specifications (which describe the quality of the
finished soap.)
1.6 WHO CURRENTLY USES THEM
Consumers looking for additional protection before preparing and eating meals,
after using the bathroom or diapering a child, after playing with a pet or when
caring for the sick may want to use an antibacterial soap.
Because of the extra protection that antibacterial soaps provide, many restaurants
and hospitals require their employees to wash with antibacterial soap.
7/23/2019 medicated soap
3/24
Chapter#1Introduction
1.7 MEDICAL RELEVANCE OF ANTIBACTERIAL SOAP
Antibacterial soap is any cleaning product to which active antibacterial ingredients have
been added. These chemicals kill bacteria and microbes, but are no more effective at
deactivating viruses than any other kind of soap or detergent, and they also kill
nonpathogenic bacteria.
Ingredients: Most liquid hand and body soaps contain antibacterial chemicals. Triclosan
is a common ingredient. Since there is a great variety of bacteria, effectiveness against
any given type of bacterium does not ensure that it is effective against unrelated types.
These are generally only contained at preservative levels unless the product is markedantibacterial, antiseptic, or germicidal. Triclosan, Triclocarban/Trichlorocarbamide and
PCMX/Chloroxylenol are commonly used for antibacterial and deodorant effect in
consumer products. Some soap contains tetra sodium EDTA which is a chelating agent
that sequesters metals that the bacteria require in order to grow. Other microbes also
require metals and so it is actually an anti-microbial agent that is widely used even as a
preservative. It appears to be fairly harmless in the environment.
7/23/2019 medicated soap
4/24
r#217171818181818181818181812
Chapter#218181818 4 4 4 4 448181818 4 4 4 4 44
CHAPTER TWO
2.0 HISTORY
Antibacterial soaps were originally marketed as deodorant soaps to control body odor
caused by the action of bacteria on perspiration. These products, sold in bar form, gained
popularity in the 1950s under such well-recognized brand names as Dial and Lifebouy.
While many of these bar soaps are still available today, liquid antibacterial soaps used for
disinfecting hands are becoming increasingly more popular. Major brands include Lever's
Caress, Dove's Liquid and Proctor and Gamble's Oil of Olay liquid. In addition to these
products intended for consumer use, other antibacterial cleansers are available for use by
health care professionals. Such specialty products include surgical scrubs, wound
disinfectants, and wound cleansers. In the United States, all soaps that make antibacterial
claims are classified as over-the-counter (OTC) drugs because they are sold to kill germs.This designation means they can be purchased without a prescription as long as they
adhere to guidelines set forth by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA). These
guidelines are established in a document known as a monograph which specifies which
active ingredients can be used, the claims that can be made, and so forth. As of 1998, the
FDA has not issued a final monograph on antibacterial soaps, but over the last 25 years
they have published a series of Tentative Final Monographs (TFMs).
The first proposed monograph, published in 1974, officially defined an antibacterial
cleanser as a soap containing an active ingredient with invivo and invitro activity against
skin organisms. It also suggested that antibacterial cleansers be grouped into the
following seven categories: antimicrobial soaps, health-care personal hand washes,
patient preoperative skin preparations, skin antiseptics, skin wound cleansers, skin wound
protectants, and surgical scrub hand soaps. In 1978 the agency issued a TFM which began
formal adoption of the definition and of the categories proposed in 1974. This tentative
monograph allowed products to use terms like deodorancy and reduction of body odor.
18
Chapter#2 18apter#2 18PAGE - 17 -- 17 -181818
apter#2 1818 PAGE 18
Chapter#2 hapter#2 PAGE 12
7/23/2019 medicated soap
5/24
r#217171818181818181818181812
Chapter#218181818 5 5 5 5 558181818 5 5 5 5 55
However, this version of the monograph was never finalized, and in 1991 the FDA issued
another TFM with different rules. The 1991 TFM separated first aid antiseptics into a
different category, which included skin antiseptics, wound cleansers, and wound
protectants. Later monographs placed consumer and professional products into separate
categories. Then, in a surprising move in 1994, the agency reversed the earlier tentative
monographs that had recognized antibacterial cleansers specifically for consumers. The1994 TFM does not directly allow antimicrobial soaps for home use. While it does not
disallow these products, it does not set up separate rules for them. Therefore, consumer
products must use the same active ingredients as professional health care products. More
importantly, they are limited to the same types of claims that professional products can
make. This is problematic because consumer products have different requirements than
medical products. For example, deodorant soaps are intended to control body odor while
professional surgical scrub products are not. On the other hand, professional productsmust be safe enough to use up to 50 times per day, whereas consumer products are
typically not used more than two or three times per day. For these reasons and others,
many soap manufacturers believe that consumer and professional products should be
regulated separately. The FDA, however, tends to disagree. The regulatory status of
antibacterial soaps is still tentative; the monograph has not been finalized and industry
experts do not expect it to be ready until after the year 2000.
Today, annual sales of antimicrobial products in the United States have reached $600
million. However, the many antibacterial deodorant bar soaps for controlling body odor
have largely been replaced by antiperspirants/deodorants. The growth in the antibacterial
soap market has come primarily from the increased sales of liquid hand cleansers.
18
Chapter#2 18apter#2 18PAGE - 17 -- 17 -181818
apter#2 1818 PAGE 18
Chapter#2 hapter#2 PAGE 12
7/23/2019 medicated soap
6/24
Chapter#2
CHAPTER THREE
3.0 TYPES OF MEDICATED SOAPS
These are the following different types of soaps from different raw materials:
1. Triclosan Soap
2. Trichlocarbon Soap
3. Neem Soap
4. Lemon Soap
5. Aloe Vera Soap
3.1 TRICLOSAN SOAP
3.1.1 COMPOSITION
Triclosan 20g
Tea Tree Oil 20g
Vitamin- E 1 capsule
Zinc Oxide 5g
Allantoin 10g
Sodium chloride 10g
Glycerin 10g
3.1.2 PREPARATION
The boiling process was used during the soap preparation. 20g of the oil mixture (tea tree
oil) was place in the 500cm3 beaker and add 20g of triclosan, 10g of allantoin, 10g of
glycerin and vitamin-E capsule in it. 5g of zinc oxide in 20g of water was added to the
mixture in the beaker.
The mixture was heated for an hour in a water bath, maintaining the temperature in the
range of 80 - 900C with frequent stirring at a time intervals. Little distilled was water was
added occasionally to prevent the content of the flask from becoming solid due to
evaporation of water during heating.
- 1719_
7/23/2019 medicated soap
7/24
Chapter#2
After the one hour of heating, 100cm3 of a saturated solution of sodium chloride was
added to the hot mixture and let to cool. The addition of the salt solution throws the soap
out of solution (salting out). The soap float on the surface of the solution; it was filtered
and place in the mould to dry.
3.1.3 USES
Triclosan Medicated Soap cleans & controls excess sebum & bacteria which cause acne.
Its contents like Triclosan & Tea tree oil are antiseptic, antibacterial, and antifungal
agents. Allantoin moisturizing and keratolytic effect increases the water content of the
extra cellular matrix enhancing the desquamation of upper layers of dead skin cells,increasing the smoothness of the skin.
3.2 TRICHLOCARBON SOAP
3.2.1 COMPOSITION
Trichlocarban 20g
Tea Tree Oil BP 20g
Vitamin- E IP 1 capsule Zinc Oxide IP 5g
Allantoin BP 10g
Sodium chloride 10g
Glycerin 10g
3.2.2 PREPARATION
The boiling process was used during the soap preparation. 20g of the oil mixture (tea tree
oil) was place in the 500cm3 beaker and add 20g of trichlocarbon, 10g of allantoin, 10g of
glycerin and vitamin-E capsule in it. 5g of zinc oxide in 20g of water was added to the
mixture in the beaker.
The mixture was heated for an hour in a water bath, maintaining the temperature in the
range of 80 - 900C with frequent stirring at a time intervals. Little distilled was water was
added occasionally to prevent the content of the flask from becoming solid due to
evaporation of water during heating.
- 1719_
7/23/2019 medicated soap
8/24
Chapter#2
After the one hour of heating, 100cm3 of a saturated solution of sodium chloride was
added to the hot mixture and let to cool. The addition of the salt solution throws the soap
out of solution (salting out). The soap float on the surface of the solution; it was filtered
and place in the mould to dry.
3.2.3 USES
Trichlocarban Medicated Soap cleans & controls excess sebum & bacteria which cause
acne. Its contents like Trichlocarban & Tea tree oil are antiseptic, antibacterial, and
antifungal agents. Glycerins moisturizing and keratolytic effect, increases the water
content of the extra cellular matrix enhancing the desquamation of upper layers of deadskin cells, increasing the smoothness of the skin.
3.3 ALOE VERA SOAP
3.3.1 COMPOSITION
Triclosan 20g
Olive oil 20g
Vitamin- E 1 capsule
Zinc Oxide 5g
Aloe Vera extracts 10g
Sodium chloride 10g
Glycerin 10g
3.3.2 PREPARATION
The boiling process was used during the soap preparation. 20g of the oil mixture was
place in the 500cm3 beaker and add 20g of triclosan, 10g of aloe vera extracts,10g of
glycerin and vitamin-E capsule in it. 5g of zinc oxide in 20g of water was added to the
mixture in the beaker.
The mixture was heated for an hour in a water bath, maintaining the temperature in
the range of 80 - 900C with frequent stirring at a time intervals. Little distilled was
- 1719_
7/23/2019 medicated soap
9/24
Chapter#2
water was added occasionally to prevent the content of the flask from becoming solid
due to evaporation of water during heating.
After the one hour of heating, 100cm3 of a saturated solution of sodium chloride was
added to the hot mixture and let to cool. The addition of the salt solution throws the
soap out of solution (salting out). The soap float on the surface of the solution; it
was filtered and place in the mould to dry.
3.3.3 USES
Aloe Vera Medicated Soap has natural moisturizing factor (NFM) ingredients which
moisturize your skin up to deep layer of the skin. Its contents have natural antioxidant,
anti-inflammatory, moisturizing & vitamin properties which provide natural neutrinos
& moisturizers required by your skin.
3.4 NEEM SOAP
3.4.1 COMPOSITION
Trichlocarbon 20g
Coconut Oil 20g
Vitamin- E 1 capsule
Zinc Oxide 5g
Neem extract 10g
Sodium chloride 10g
Glycerin 10g
3.4.2 PREPARATION
The boiling process was used during the soap preparation. 20g of the oil mixture was
place in the 500cm3 beaker and add 20g of trichlocarbon, 10g of neem extract, 10g of
glycerin and vitamin-E capsule in it. 5g of zinc oxide in 20g of water was added to the
mixture in the beaker.
The mixture was heated for an hour in a water bath, maintaining the temperature in
the range of 80 - 900C with frequent stirring at a time intervals. Little distilled was
- 1719_
7/23/2019 medicated soap
10/24
Chapter#2
water was added occasionally to prevent the content of the flask from becoming solid
due to evaporation of water during heating.
After the one hour of heating, 100cm3 of a saturated solution of sodium chloride was
added to the hot mixture and let to cool. The addition of the salt solution throws the
soap out of solution (salting out). The soap float on the surface of the solution; it
was filtered and place in the mould to dry.
3.4.3 USES
Neem Medicated Soap is pure herbal skin remedy therapy. Neem Soap has a natural
antiseptic & antibacterial property like Neem extract. Glycerins moisturizing and
keratolytic effect, increases the water content of the extra cellular matrix enhancing
the desquamation of upper layers of dead skin cells, increasing the smoothness of the
skin.
3.5 LEMON SOAP
3.5.1 COMPOSITION
Trichlocarbon 20g
caster Oil 20g
Vitamin- E 1 capsule
Zinc Oxide 5g
Lemon extract 10g
Sodium chloride 10g
Glycerin 10g
3.5.2 PREPARATION
The boiling process was used during the soap preparation. 20g of the oil mixture was
place in the 500cm3 beaker and add 20g of trichlocarbon, 10g of lemon extract, 10g of
glycerin and vitamin-E capsule in it. 5g of zinc oxide in 20g of water was added to the
mixture in the beaker.
- 1719_
7/23/2019 medicated soap
11/24
Chapter#2
The mixture was heated for an hour in a water bath, maintaining the temperature in
the range of 80 - 900C with frequent stirring at a time intervals. Little distilled was
water was added occasionally to prevent the content of the flask from becoming solid
due to evaporation of water during heating.
After the one hour of heating, 100cm3 of a saturated solution of sodium chloride was
added to the hot mixture and let to cool. The addition of the salt solution throws the
soap out of solution (salting out). The soap float on the surface of the solution; it
was filtered and place in the mould to dry.
3.5.3 USES
Lemon Medicated Soap has natural antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, moisturizing &
vitamin properties which provide natural neutrinos & moisturizers required by your
skin. Glycerins moisturizing and keratolytic effect, increases the water content of the
extra cellular matrix enhancing the desquamation of upper layers of dead skin cells,
increasing the smoothness of the skin.
- 1719_
7/23/2019 medicated soap
12/24
History
Chapter#3
CHAPTER FOUR
4.0 MEDICATED SOAP ANALYSIS
4.1 DETERMINATION OF SOME PHYSICOCHEMICAL CHARACTERISTICS
Standard analyses are carried out on the soap. The following tests were carried out on
the soap produced.
i. pH
ii. Moisture Content
iii. Total Fatty Matter
iv. Free Alkalinity/Acidity
v. Foam Height
vi. Alcohol insolubility
vii. Microbial Effect
4.1.1 pH DETERMINATION
The pH meter was calibrated using buffer solution of pH between 4.0 and 7.0,
thereafter it was dipped directly into the sample while the reading was taken
immediately.
4.1.2 DETERMINATION OF MOISTURE CONTENT
10g of the sample was weighed and reweighed after open heating for about
30minutes. The difference in weight gives the moisture content which is expressed in
percentage.
4.1.3 DETERMINATION OF TOTAL FATTY MATTER
5g of the sample was weighed into a beaker; 10ml of distilled water was added heated
to dissolve, while 20ml of 2M H2SO4 was added to liberate fatty matter. It was
cooked in a beaker and decanted leaving behind the fatty matter (extract) in the
beaker. The extract was washed with distilled water till it is neutral to litmus paper. It
7/23/2019 medicated soap
13/24
History
Chapter#3
was then dissolved in 70ml hot neutral alcohol and titrated with 1M NaOH using
phenolphthalein indicator. Total fatty matter (TFM) was then determined as FMV/W
where F is the factor of the oil blended, M is the molarity of the base, V is the volume
of the base used (titer value) and W is the weight of the sample.
4.1.4 DETERMINATION OF FREE ACID CONTENT
6g of the soap sample was dissolved in 70ml hot neutral alcohol and titrated against
2M H2SO4 using phenolphthalein indicator. The free alkali/acidity was calculated as
3.1.MV/W
4.1.5 FOAM HEIGHT
2g of the sample was dissolved in a one liter volumetric flask and made to mark with
tap water, 50ml of the solution was introduce into a measuring cylinder such that it
followed the walls of the column to avoid foaming. 200ml of the solution was taken in
a conical flask and poured into a funnel, which was already clamped with the outlet
closed. The measuring cylinder was then put directly beneath the funnel while the
level (height) of the foam generated was read from the cylinder immediately the
funnel outlet was opened.
4.1.6 ALCOHOL INSOLUBLE
5g of soap sample was dissolved in 50ml hot alcohol and quantitatively transferred
unto already weighed filter paper; the residue was dried in oven at 1050C for
30minutes, cooled in a dessicator and weighed again.
4.1.7 ANTIFULGAL SENSITIVITY
0.1g/ml solution of the medicated soap produced was prepared together with the crude
plant extract. Various dilutions (101, 102, 103, and 104) were also prepared for both
the soap solution and the crude plant extract. The Saboraud Dextrose Agar (S.D.A)
media was also prepared for 10 plates. About 20ml of the S.D.A was poured in each
of the plates. The content in the plates were allowed to solidify after which, the fungi
was placed in the plate (Pour plate method). Hole was made using 10mm diameter
7/23/2019 medicated soap
14/24
History
Chapter#3
cork borer inside which the soap solutions and plant extract prepared were poured.
The diameter of the inhibition zone was measured using millimeter ruler. The lager
the diameter the more effective is the soap.
7/23/2019 medicated soap
15/24
Types of Medicated Soap
Chapter#4Medicated Soap Analysis
Chapter#5
CHAPTER FIVE
5.0 RESULT AND CALCULATIONS
5.1 PERCENTAGE YIELD
The yield is the amount of product obtained from a reaction. For many companies
such as drug and food companies the purity of the product is even more important
%age yield = actual mass obtained/calculated mass * 100
5.1.1 TRICLOSAN SOAP
Weight of Reactants:
Triclosan 20g
Tea Tree Oil 20g
Vitamin- E 1 capsule
Zinc Oxide 5g
Allantoin 10g
Sodium chloride 10g
Glycerin 10g
Total Weight 75g
Weight of Reactants = 75g
Weight of Product = 65g
Percentage yield = Weight of Product / weight of Reactants * 100
%age Yield = 65/75*100
%age Yield = 86.67%
7/23/2019 medicated soap
16/24
Types of Medicated Soap
Chapter#4Medicated Soap Analysis
Chapter#5
5.1.2 TRICHLOCARBON SOAP Trichlocarban 20g
Tea Tree Oil BP 20g
Vitamin- E IP 1 capsule
Zinc Oxide IP 5g
Allantoin BP 10g
Sodium chloride 10g
Glycerin 10g
Total Weight 75g
Weight of Reactants = 75g
Weight of Product = 66g
Percentage yield = Weight of Product / weight of Reactants * 100
%age Yield = 66/75*100
%age Yield = 84.0%
5.1.3 ALOE VERA SOAP
Triclosan 20g
Olive oil 20g
Vitamin- E 1 capsule
Zinc Oxide 5g
Aloe Vera extracts 10g
Sodium chloride 10g
Glycerin 10g
Total Weight 75g
Weight of Reactants = 75g
7/23/2019 medicated soap
17/24
Types of Medicated Soap
Chapter#4Medicated Soap Analysis
Chapter#5
Weight of Product = 67g
Percentage yield = Weight of Product / weight of Reactants * 100
%age Yield = 67/75*100
%age Yield = 89.0%
5.1.4 NEEM SOAP Trichlocarbon 20g
caster Oil 20g
Vitamin- E 1 capsule
Zinc Oxide 5g
Lemon extract 10g
Sodium chloride 10g
Glycerin 10g
Total Weight 75g
Weight of Product = 75g
Weight of Product = 68g
Percentage yield = Weight of Product / weight of Reactants * 100
%age Yield = 68/75*100
%age Yield = 90.0%
5.1.5 LEMON SOAP
Trichlocarbon 20g
caster Oil 20g
Zinc Oxide 5g
Lemon extract 10g
Sodium chloride 10g
Glycerin 10g
7/23/2019 medicated soap
18/24
Types of Medicated Soap
Chapter#4Medicated Soap Analysis
Chapter#5
Total Weight 75g
Weight of Reactants = 75g
Weight of Product = 67g
Percentage yield = Weight of Product / weight of Reactants * 100
%age Yield = 67/75*100
%age Yield = 89.0%
7/23/2019 medicated soap
19/24
Results & Calculations
CHAPTER SIX
6.0 ESTIMATED PRICE
The Prices of chemicals use in the preparation of Medicated soaps are:
1g of Triclosan = 2.5 Rs
1g of trichlocarbon = 1.5 RS
1g of Zinc oxide = 0.3 Rs
1g of glycerin = 0.5 Rs
1g of Aloe Vera extract = 0.1 Rs
1g of caster oil = 0.1 Rs
1g of lemon extract = 1.0 Rs
1g of olive oil = 0.05 Rs
1g of tea tree oil =2.0 Rs
1g of neem extract = 1.0 Rs
1g of Sodium Chloride = 0.01 Rs
Vitamin-E Capsule = 5 Rs/piece
6.1 ESTIMATED PRICE1. Triclosan Soap = 110 Rs
2. Trichlocarbon Soap = 80 Rs
3. Neem Soap = 70 Rs
4. Aloe Vera Soap = 65 Rs
5. Lemon Soap = 55 Rs
7/23/2019 medicated soap
20/24
Chapter#6
CHAPTER SEVEN
7.0 REFRENCES
Sharma, B.K. (2006). Industrial Chemistry, Fifteenth Edition. Pp. 1243 1245, 1249
Tewari, K.S, Vishnoi, N.K. and Methrotra, S.N. (1998), A Test Book of Organic
Chemistry, Pp. 594 600
www.chemicalland21.com
http://www.fightgermsnow.com
http://www.wisegeek.com
http://www.dailyglow.com
www.cenresinpub.org
7/23/2019 medicated soap
21/24
Estimated Price
Chapter#6
TABLE OF CONTENTS
CHAPTER ONE...............................................................................1
1.0 INTRODUCTION..........................................................................................1
1.1 What is Medicated Soap?...............................................................................1
1.2 How does Antibacterial Soap work?..............................................................1
1.3 What kinds of germs do Antibacterial Soaps kill?.........................................1
1.4 How do antibacterial soaps work?.................................................................2
1.5 Design:...........................................................................................................2
1.6 Who currently uses them?..............................................................................2
1.7 Medical relevance of Antibacterial Soap:......................................................3
CHAPTER TWO..............................................................................4
2.0 HISTORY..........................................................................................................4
CHAPTER THREE.....................................................................................................6
3.0 TYPES OF MEDICATED SOAP:................................................................6
3.1 Triclosan Medicated Soap..............................................................................6
3.1.1 Composition:..............................................................................................6
3.1.2 Preparation:................................................................................................6
3.1.3 Uses:...........................................................................................................7
3.2 Trichlocarbon Medicated Soap:.....................................................................7
3.2.1 Composition:..............................................................................................7
3.2.2 Preparation:...................................................................................................7
3.2.3 Uses:...........................................................................................................8
3.3 Aloe Vera Medicated Soap............................................................................8
3.3.1 Composition:..............................................................................................8
3.3.2 Preparation:...................................................................................................8
3.3.3 Uses:...............................................................................................................9
3.4 Neem Medicated Soap...................................................................................9
3.4.1 Composition:..............................................................................................9
3.4.2 Preparation:................................................................................................9
3.4.3 Uses:.........................................................................................................10
3.5 Lemon Medicated Soap................................................................................10
3.5.1 Composition:..............................................................................................10
3.5.2 Preparation:..............................................................................................10
7/23/2019 medicated soap
22/24
Estimated Price
Chapter#6
3.5.3 Uses:...............................................................................................................................11
CHAPTER FOUR...................................................................................................12
4.0 MEDICATED SOAP ANALYSIS...............................................................12
4.1 Determination of Some Physicochemical Characteristics...........................12
4.1.1 pH Determination.....................................................................................12
4.1.2 Determination of Moisture Content.........................................................12
4.1.3 Determination of Total Fatty Matter........................................................12
4.1.4 Determination of Free Acid Content........................................................13
4.1.5 Foam Height.............................................................................................13
4.1.6 Alcohol Insoluble.....................................................................................13
4.1.7 Antifulgal Sensitivity...............................................................................13
CHAPTER FIVE....................................................................................................14
5.0 RESULTS AND CALCULATIONS...........................................................14
5.1 Percentage Yield......................................................................................14
5.1.1 Triclosan Soap:.........................................................................................14
5.1.2 Trichlocarbon Soap:.................................................................................15
5.1.3 Aloe Vera Soap:.......................................................................................15
5.1.4 Neem Soap:..............................................................................................16
5.1.5 Lemon Soap:............................................................................................16
CHAPTER SIX.......................................................................................................18
6.0 ESTIMATED PRICE...................................................................................18
6.1 Estimated Price:...........................................................................................18
CHAPTER SEVEN.................................................................................................19
7.0 REFERENCES.............................................................................................19
7/23/2019 medicated soap
23/24
7/23/2019 medicated soap
24/24