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La tecnologia al servizio dell’uomo:

Vivere “ di più” , Vivere “ meglio “ :

il potenziamento biologico Dott.Franco Molteni Ospedale Valduce Villa Beretta Costa Masnaga (Lecco )

Medicine

to survive

Medicine

for Survivors

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The triumphs of biomedical research are real and obvious

nonetheless

we move into an era

of chronic disease

Human Values in Health Care R.A.Wright 1987

Patients expect better outcomes

Aging population

Increased spending on healthcare

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I information /integration

C communication/community

T technology/transfer

Health Care Resources

Hospital Costing-Based

System

Patient Care Needs

Performance Measurement

AHPM (Patients)

STAKEHOLDER PERSPECTIVE

Healthcare Structures

Care Givers

Local Governments

Healthcare System

Supplier

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Genomics

Connectomics

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GENETICA

EPIGENETICA

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CA8 Mutations Cause a Novel Syndrome

charactherized by Ataxia and Mild Mental Retardation

witn Predisposition to Quadrupedal Gait Turkmen S et al Plos One 2009

COMPLEX ADAPTIVE SYSTEM

DYNAMIC NETWORKS

ACTION AND INTERACTIONS

INTERACTIONS ARE NON LINEAR

ADAPTIVE: CHANGES AS A RESULTS

Of EXPERIENCE

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Neurophenomenology

Action versus

Interaction

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Left/Right Hemisphere Specialization

• Analytic thought – Step by step process

• Logic – Conclusions based upon a

logical or consecutive order

• Language – Using words to

name/describe/define

• Math & Science – Number use, awareness of

time, symbols, facts & linear reasoning

• Holistic thought – Seeing “big” picture before

understanding details

• Intuition – Insight based upon incomplete

patterns or “hunches”

• Creativity – Demonstrative with minimal

word use, understanding relationships

• Art & Music – Putting pieces together to

form “wholes”

LEFT RIGHT

Lesson Outline

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EMBODIMENT

A tangible or visible form

of an idea,quality or feeling

Humans perceive ‘feelings’

from the body that provide

a sense of their physical condition

and underlie mood and emotional state

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STRUCTURAL COUPLING

HYSTORICAL EMBODIMENT

PHYSICAL EMBODIMENT

“ORGANISMOID” EMBODIMENT

ORGANISMIC EMBODIMENT

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Motor cortex low frequency stimulation:

(pt: M.C.) Dystonia pattern at baseline or after 12

months of bilateral GPi-HFS

6 months after chronic right motor-cortex stimulation

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Placement

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Technical Features: 4 Electric Motors (2 hip, 2 knee) 2 Lithium Ion Batteries (48 V) Height range: 150-190 cm Maximum weight: 100 kg Maximum hip width: 46 cm 23 kg in Weight Multiple sensors and gyroscopes in the legs and torso to assist in balance and

walking

Walking is achieved by the user’s weight shifts to activate sensors in the device which initiate steps. Battery-powered motors drive the legs, replacing deficient

neuromuscular function.

Having a body

versus

Moving your body:

neural signature of agency and

body ownership

Tsakiris M et al

Neuropsychologia 2010

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Neural Interface Technology

for

Rehabilitation:

Exploiting and Promoting Neural

Plasticity

EXERCISE

NEUROMODULATION

PLASTICITY

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COMPLEX ADAPTIVE SYSTEM

DYNAMIC NETWORKS

ACTION AND INTERACTIONS

INTERACTIONS ARE NON LINEAR

ADAPTIVE: CHANGES AS A RESULTS

Of EXPERIENCE

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Technical Features: 4 Electric Motors (2 hip, 2 knee) 2 Lithium Ion Batteries (48 V) Height range: 150-190 cm Maximum weight: 100 kg Maximum hip width: 46 cm 23 kg in Weight Multiple sensors and gyroscopes in the legs and torso to assist in balance and

walking

Walking is achieved by the user’s weight shifts to activate sensors in the device which initiate steps. Battery-powered motors drive the legs, replacing deficient

neuromuscular function.

Tetra completo C6 (motorio e sensitivo) Asia A

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Battery & Controller

Pack

Actuation Unit Body Interface

Tilt Sensor

Force Sensors

User Wireless Mode Selector

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58

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Deambulazione con Ekso

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Epigenetics

Short term potentiation

Long term potentiation

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Neural Interface Technology

for

Rehabilitation:

Exploiting and Promoting Neural

Plasticity

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Treatment of phantom limb pain (PLP) based on

augmented reality and gaming controlled by myoelectric pattern recognition:

a case study of a chronic PLP patient

Ortiz-Catalan M et al Frontiers in Neuroscience February 2014

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Evolutionary

Revolutionary

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Disruptive

Technologies

We are all robots when uncritically involved

with our technologies

Marshall McLuhan

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Reality Mining

Data Mining

Reality Meaning

Outcome Measures

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Entrare nella vita

del paziente

standone fuori

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Designed principles for biologically inspired

cognitive robotics

Krichmar JL Biologically Inspired Cognitive Architecture 2012

Brain Computer Interface

Brain – Brainy Computer

ECoG Electrocorticography

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Emotive qualities in Robot Speech

… Kismet expresses itself through multiple

modalities,not just through voice . We already found that Kismet’s facial expression and body posture help to resolve the ambiguities

encountered through voice alone Cynthia Breazeal MIT Media Lab

INTELLLIGENZA ARTIFICIALE

CLOUD

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Health will be a key driver

of robotics adoption in the future at the same time machine that surpass

humans’ ability to perform specific medical tasks will expand

health care options beyond current limits

We will continue to fund research whose results

help create better living conditions for everyone on this planet and

research that helps us to better understand ourselves and the world we live in.

Both go hand in hand – and robots should take their fair share in this ICT landscape

Neelie Kroes Commissioner European ICT Funding

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The Meaning of the Body Aesthetics of Human Understanding ..what we call “mind” and what we call “body” are not two things,but rather aspects of one organic process. Chief among those aesthetics dimensions are qualities,images,patterns of sensorimotor processes, and emotions

Mark Johson The University of Chicago Press 2007

Di fronte all’estremo T. Todorov L’Invenzione della Verità Bruno de Finetti Il senso delle cose R.P. Feynman Sull’orlo della scienza I Lakatos I martedi’ con il professore M.Albom La statua interiore F.Jacob Cosa vuole la tecnologia K. Kelly Il sé viene alla mente A. Damasio Enaction J. Stewart Connectome S. Seung Il crollo della mente bicamerale J . Jaynes