Medium- and short-distance High-speed rail services and discontinuous metropolitan processes in small cities in Spain José M.de Ureña, Universidad de Castilla-La

Medium- and short-distance High-speed rail services and

discontinuous metropolitan processes in

small cities in Spain

José M.de Ureña, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Spain

Workshop on Approaching a European High Speed Rail Network

European Commission - 2011 Kiev

Approaching a European HSR Network J.M.de UREÑA - Medium & Short-distance HSR

High-speed rail initial objective

-To compete/complement air transportation between metropolises 400-800 km

-Two to three hours HSR travel time -Total air travel time similar to total HSR travel time -More useful time by HSR -Direct access to metropolitan centre

-Intermediate stations if no big cities along the way -Only for security reasons in small cities

HSR services at Medium & Short Distances

-Connections at 60-200 km-Only along new HSR infrastructure-Use approximately 50%-Stop in all stations, -Fare 30% cheaper than long distance services-Abundant services: 6-12 day & sense-Maximum & average speeds 260 & 190 km/h. -Commuting on medium distance (200 km) or Congestion near metropolis (100 km)

Regional HSR Services


HSR at Medium & Short Distances

Two Types:

-Regional

-Metropolitan 180-250 km – medium distance 50-100 km – short distance

Regional HSR Services


Medium Distances

CiudadReal & Puertollano – MadridLleida – BarcelonaLeCreusot-ParisVendôme - Paris


Introduction of Medium Distance HSR Services

Seven months after HSR Madrid-Seville was in operation

Unexpected travel demand was observed -Between two small cities (CiudadReal & Puertollano) and Madrid.-HSR trains between these cities and Seville had some seats empty

The railway operator segregated the medium and the long distance traffics through new specific services.

This medium distance HSR services were the first ones introduced in Europe and changed the concept of HSR



Medium-distance HSR services200 km or 1 hour HSR travel Discontinuous expansion of metropolis

Short-distance 100 km or ½ hour HSR travelDiscontinuous reinforcement of metropolis

Metropolitan processes at one hour HSR travel

Discontinuous metropolitan expansion at 1 hour travel (200 km): HSR essential for metropolis

-Travel time, abundant services, price and comfort crucial for new professionals commuting.

-Unbalanced integration: commuters, activities, land surfaces and environmental restrictions.

-Local services ameliorated with high level professionals commuting from metropolis.

-Increased regional polarization towards HSR city.

-HSR commuting mostly with metropolitan centre.

-Overall effects greater in tertiary cities distant from national transportation corridors

-Negative effects in industrial cities in Spain, positive effects in France.


Metropolitan processes at an hour HSR travel

-Travel time - 1 hour. More time reduces considerably the number of commuters

-Abundant services – Small cities become cities in MOVEMENT

-Price and comfort crucial for new professionals commuting – More crucial towards Small cities-Maintain less years-Find another job

-Unbalanced integration: commuters, activities, land surfaces and environmental restrictions.-double number of commuters towards metropolis than from metropolis-higher professional level from metropolis than towards metropolis

-Creation vs suction of activities in small cities-previous public administration and university activities-certain size-first stop

-Type of activities-related to transport and to persons-aspects that are cheaper and abundant in small cities in comparison to metropolis


Short Distances

Short distance High-speed rail

-50 to 100 km distance

Differences with conventional suburban services:

-No intermediate stops

-Only one stop in metropolitan centre


Short Distance HSR connections

1.Cities on an HSR through-line -connect to metropolitan centre & distant cities-often peripheral stations.

2.Cities at dead-end HSR line -connects only with nearby metropolis-facilitates a central location.

3.Cities on tangential HSR through line-connects only to distant cities, -connection to metropolitan centre through other transport means.

4.Cities on several HSR through-lines -good connections to long distance-leads to peripheral station.

5.Cities on HSR through-line services continue on conventional lines -serving other places through the traditional lines.


Metropolitan processes at half an hour HSR travel

Metropolitan reinforcement at 1/2 hour travel (100 km): HSR replaceable for metropolis

-Special Metropolitan transport vs. another metropolitan station for long distance travel.

-Challenge, facilitate generation of metropolitan sub-centre of interurban activities, if city has:

-Good image: history, built environment, etc. -High quality public services -Already used for high quality office and housing -Over other major national transportation networks -Central HSR station -Abundant metropolitan & long distance services.


Metropolitan processes at half an hour HSR travel

Creation of Metropolitan Sub-centre: Hypothesis

Similar long distance Similar places as office decentralizationservices as central stations Comparison (distance and type of station connection):

London, Paris and Madrid

Lyon (Satolas, Macôn)

Lille (Arras, Dunkerque, Calais)

London (Startford, Ebssfleet, Ashford)

10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100

10

5

15

Abundant OfficeRelocation

Paris (Massi, Charles-de-Gaulle, Marne-la-Vallée)

Madrid (Guadalajara, Segovia, Toledo)

Barcelona (Prat, Gerona, Tarragona)

Km

Millions

Occasional OfficeRelocation

Not true:

Central HSR stations have triple long distance services


Metropolitan processes at half an hour HSR travelInappropriate metropolitan strategy in HSR laid up

Guadalajara-Closest to Madrid and most related to Madrid (67 km)-Line to Barcelona-Through line, Station 8 km from city

Segovia-Maximum reduction of distance-Good image city -Corridor of offices and high level housing-Through line, Station 5 km from city

Toledo-Good distance reduction and big relation to Madrid.-Very good image city, good high-level services-Regional capital-Dead end line, edge station


Medium- and short-distance High-speed rail services

High-speed rail useful not only for intermetropolitan distant travel

also for medium distance and for short distances

CUESTION-if only used for transportation-if also used for regional & metropolitan planning

TERRITORIAL ACTIVITIES RELOCATION


Publications-Ureña, J.M., Menéndez, J.M., Guirao, B., Escobedo, F., Rodríguez, F.J., Coronado, J.M., Ribalaygua, C., Rivas, A. y Martínez, A. (2005) “Alta Velocidad ferroviaria e integración metropolitana en España: el caso de Ciudad Real y Puertollano”, EURE Revista Latinoamericana de Estudios Urbano Regionales, n. 92. pp. 87-104. -Ureña, J.M.de; Garmendia, M.; Coronado, J.M.; Vickerman, R.; Romero, V. (2010) New metropolitan processes encouraged by High-Speed Rail: the cases of London and Madrid, WCTR Congress 2010, Lisbon. http://www.wctr2010.info/ABSTRACTS_BOOK.pdf

http://www.wctr2010.info/ABSTRACTS_BOOK.pdf

Thank you


Documents

Medium- and short-distance High-speed rail services and discontinuous metropolitan processes in small cities in Spain José M.de Ureña, Universidad de Castilla-La