32
Bulletin of the Geological Survey of Japan,vol,42(12),p.655-686,1991 :M:我g館et且c題齢朧,我旦亘es ove貿t恥e夏z聡一〇解s我w我聡(:B艦量麟A鷲, M蹴餓訟A罵蹴盛M鑓訟餓丁騰聰9恥 Toshitsugu YAMAzAKI*,Takemi IsHIHARA* and Fumitoshi MuRAKAMI* YAMAzAKI,Toshitsugu,IsHIHARA,Takemi and MuRAKAMI,Fumi anomalies over the Izu-Ogasawara(Bonin)Arc,Mariana Arc an Bzfll,060乙Sz67∂.ノ41)召%,vol.42(12),P.655-686,15fig. Abstract:We performed magnetic anomaly measurement over the Arc,theMarianaArcandTrough,andtheOgasawaraPlateau along dense ship tracks,the intervals of which are2to4miles in g Most submarine volcanoes on the Shichito Ridge and the Mariana front of the Izu-Ogasawara and Mariana Arcs)accompany large Some volcanoes have fairly simple dipole-type anomalies(e,g.the N Fukujin Seamount),and others have complicated anomaly distribu Volcano)and/or anomalies poorly correspond to the shape of volcan Volcano and Nikko Seamount).The differences in the magnetic i volcanoes may reflect differences in the length of the volcanic activi northem part of the Shichito Ridge,the magnetic inhomogeneity volcanism.The back-arc rifts in the northem part of the Izu-Og remarkable anomalies,which suggests that the seafloor spreading ha Magnetic anomalies are useful for estimating the origin o distributed between the Sofugan and Nishinoshima Islands in the m (the Shichiyo Seamount Chain,the Omachi,Sawa and Tenpo Seamounts into four groups from magnetic anomaly pattems.The first group having strong(1ipole-type anomalies.The second is faulted blocks of accompanying little anomalies,The third is old volcanoes of possi have the magnetization ofeastward declination and shallow inclina positive anomalies over the Omachi and Tenpo Seamomts.These se be old basement highs because the similar anomalies are observed on in the northem Izu-Ogasawara Arc(the Shinkurose Ridge)having age. We have found for the first time clear magnetic lineations in between20D and22。N.A forward mo(1eling showed that the seafloo has started at3Ma or a little earlier at a half spreading rate of2, decreased to about l cm/year at present。Spreading axes probably 21。N.Their offset is about30km.The occurrence of the large-offset ing centers is unusual for ridges of slow spreading rates,which sugges would be weaker(hotter an(i/or thimer〉than that of major-ocean spr Four peaks on the Ogasawara Plateau and three other seamounts i which are thought to have been formed in the Cretaceous,can be divided *Marine Geology Department Keywords=magnetic anomaly,Izu-Ogasawa Mariana Trough,Ogasawara Plateau,sea spreading,backarc 一655一

M蹴餓訟A罵蹴盛M鑓訟餓丁騰聰9恥 Toshitsugu … · N(Craig6緬1.,19871MooreandStakes,1990). Based on the results of DSDP (Deep Sea Drilling Project)drillings,Hussong

  • Upload
    others

  • View
    3

  • Download
    0

Embed Size (px)

Citation preview

Page 1: M蹴餓訟A罵蹴盛M鑓訟餓丁騰聰9恥 Toshitsugu … · N(Craig6緬1.,19871MooreandStakes,1990). Based on the results of DSDP (Deep Sea Drilling Project)drillings,Hussong

Bulletin of the Geological Survey of Japan,vol,42(12),p.655-686,1991

:M:我g館et且c題齢朧,我旦亘es ove貿t恥e夏z聡一〇解s我w我聡(:B艦量麟A鷲,

              M蹴餓訟A罵蹴盛M鑓訟餓丁騰聰9恥

Toshitsugu YAMAzAKI*,Takemi IsHIHARA*

        and Fumitoshi MuRAKAMI*

YAMAzAKI,Toshitsugu,IsHIHARA,Takemi and MuRAKAMI,Fumitoshi(1991) Magnetic

     anomalies over the Izu-Ogasawara(Bonin)Arc,Mariana Arc and Mariana Trough.

     Bzfll,060乙Sz67∂.ノ41)召%,vol.42(12),P.655-686,15fig.

Abstract:We performed magnetic anomaly measurement over the Izu-Ogasawara(Bonin)

Arc,theMarianaArcandTrough,andtheOgasawaraPlateauanditsneighboringseamountsalong dense ship tracks,the intervals of which are2to4miles in generaL

     Most submarine volcanoes on the Shichito Ridge and the Mariana Ridge(the volcanic

front of the Izu-Ogasawara and Mariana Arcs)accompany large magnetic anomalies.

Some volcanoes have fairly simple dipole-type anomalies(e,g.the Nishinoshima Volcano and

Fukujin Seamount),and others have complicated anomaly distributions(e.g,the Iwojima

Volcano)and/or anomalies poorly correspond to the shape of volcanoes(e.g.the Torishima

Volcano and Nikko Seamount).The differences in the magnetic inhomogeneity of these

volcanoes may reflect differences in the length of the volcanic activity. For volcanoes in the

northem part of the Shichito Ridge,the magnetic inhomogeneity may reflect the bimodal

volcanism.The back-arc rifts in the northem part of the Izu-Ogasawara Arc show no

remarkable anomalies,which suggests that the seafloor spreading has not started yet.

     Magnetic anomalies are useful for estimating the origin of seamounts。Seamomts

distributed between the Sofugan and Nishinoshima Islands in the middle Izu-Ogasawara Arc

(the Shichiyo Seamount Chain,the Omachi,Sawa and Tenpo Seamounts,etc.)are classified

into four groups from magnetic anomaly pattems.The first group is Quatemary volcanoes

having strong(1ipole-type anomalies.The second is faulted blocks of old island-arc cmsts,

accompanying little anomalies,The third is old volcanoes of possibly Oligocene age,which

have the magnetization ofeastward declination and shallow inclination,The fourth is broad

positive anomalies over the Omachi and Tenpo Seamomts.These seamounts are inferred to

be old basement highs because the similar anomalies are observed on forearc basement highs

in the northem Izu-Ogasawara Arc(the Shinkurose Ridge)having Paleogene or Miocene

age.

     We have found for the first time clear magnetic lineations in the Mariana Trough

between20D and22。N.A forward mo(1eling showed that the seafloor spreading at21。307N

has started at3Ma or a little earlier at a half spreading rate of2,5cm/year.The rate has

decreased to about l cm/year at present。Spreading axes probably overlap from20。30シto

21。N.Their offset is about30km.The occurrence of the large-offset overlapping spread・

ing centers is unusual for ridges of slow spreading rates,which suggests that the crust here

would be weaker(hotter an(i/or thimer〉than that of major-ocean spreading centers.

     Four peaks on the Ogasawara Plateau and three other seamounts in the east of it,

which are thought to have been formed in the Cretaceous,can be divided into two groups from

*Marine Geology Department Keywords=magnetic anomaly,Izu-Ogasawara(Bonin)Arc,

Mariana Trough,Ogasawara Plateau,seamomt,seafloor

spreading,backarc

一655一

Page 2: M蹴餓訟A罵蹴盛M鑓訟餓丁騰聰9恥 Toshitsugu … · N(Craig6緬1.,19871MooreandStakes,1990). Based on the results of DSDP (Deep Sea Drilling Project)drillings,Hussong

βz61」6ガn6ゾ孟h6 060109づαzl Sz67∂6y(ゾノ功りごz多z,VbJ.42,No.12

magnetic anomalies.The first group having negative anomalies over the seamount bodies

was magnetized in an equatorial region in the Cretaceous.The second group has the

magnetization close to the present geomagnetic field direction,suggesting induced and/or

viscous magnetization or remagnetization by rejuvenated volcanism.

1. 亙鵬ro岨胆cti樋

35。

Weconductedmagneticsurvey overtheIzu-Ogasawara(Bonin)Arc and the Mariana

Trough from1984to1989as a part of theresearch program “Submarine Hydrothermal

Activity in the Izu-Ogasawara Arc” to

understand better the geological structure in

this region.Survey areas include the whole  。                                        30

1zu-Ogasawara Arc from Hachijojima Is.to

Minami-lwojima Is.,the Ogasawara Trough,

the Ogasawara Plateau and neighboringseamomts,the Mariana Ridge and the Mar-

iana Trough north of203N,and along the

spreading center of the Mariana Trougharound18。N.The spacings of the survey Iines

were2to4nautical miles(3.7to7.4km〉ingeneral,and they were as close as l mile in 25。

several detailed sur▽ey areas. Such high

density of ship tracks made us possible to

draw magnetic anomaly contour maps of high

accuracy.  The purpose of this report is to present

magnetic anomaly distributions of above

mentioned areas,and discuss the geological

stmcture deduced from the magnetic anom-alies.                                   20

〆’.F讐〉

H

S h i k o k u

  Ba s i n

幅、 F’伊2、・’勾 齢①∫¢      ゆ

    驚三     杢”:罵

還  蟻 .9

 ロしじロニ

1?F’9・3轟一・臼・;ミ}

 1121・甲

 ~7・ ‘・{

050←

   、”嘉N辱鷺∫

僻1峯ぎ

       叢

F79.7

Pacific Ocean

 ∫ o G o

 セ  6  6  3   0   0   0   0   0    も    急

喜、一

懸霧・・甲

§1

.瓢09白sawara

Parece Veia Basin

PIateau

    Backarc rifts

-Spreading center ▲   Quaternary vQlcanoes

2.B蹴kgro腿認

 2.1 亘zu-Og総aw躍a Arc

 The Izu-Ogasawara(Bonin)Arc lies on the

eastem rim of the Philippine Sea plate sub-

ducted by the Pacific plate (Fig.1). It is

about1200km long extending from the Izu

Peninsula to Minami-lwojima Is.It con-tinues southward to the Mariana Arc。

  The Shichito Ridge is occupied by a line of

Quatemary arc volcanoes,which forms arecent volcanic front of the Izu-Ogasawara

Arc.Volcanic rocks from the Shichito Ridge

Fig.1

        嘱40。             145。

Stmctural framework of the Izu-Ogasawara-

Mariana Arc.Dotted lines represent1000m and

3000m iso-depths.S.T.L.:Sofugan Tectonic

Line(modified from Yuasa(1985)).H:Hachi-

jojima Island,N:Nishinoshima Island.

are known to be compositionally bimodal

(Tsuya,1937;Kuno,1962).Occurrence of

acidic rocks are abundant in the northern part

of the Shichito Ridge,but little in the southern

part(Yuasa,in prep.).

  A row of small grabens occurs just behind

the volcanic front in the northern part of the

Izu-Ogasawara Arc,from Hachijojima Is.to

Nishinoshima Is.The Aogashima and

一656一

Page 3: M蹴餓訟A罵蹴盛M鑓訟餓丁騰聰9恥 Toshitsugu … · N(Craig6緬1.,19871MooreandStakes,1990). Based on the results of DSDP (Deep Sea Drilling Project)drillings,Hussong

痂9彫渉づ6αno〃観1づ6s oゾ云h6及%一磁z甥召鰯z4κsピT.y4窺α㌶hJ6渉σ∂

Sumisu Rifts in Fig.2(a)are examples of such

grabens. They have been considered to be

young back-arc rifts,or incipient back-arc

basins(Karig and Moore,1975;Honza and

Tamaki,1985).Recent ODP(Ocean Drilling

Program)drillings in the Sumisu Rift,one of

these back-arc rifts,proved the young age of

the rift.The age of the sediments in the

Sumisu Rift is not older than1.1Ma(Leg126

Scientific Drilling Party, 1989). Signs of

hydrothermal activity were reported from the

Sumisu Rift(Taylor6渉σ1.,19901Urabe and

Kusakabe,1990)and the Aogashima Rift(Yamazaki6厩1.,1991).In the southem part

of the Izu-Ogasawara Arc between Nishino-

shimaIs.and Minami-lwojima Is.,onthe other

hand,no backarc rifts are recognized.

  In the back-arc of the Izu-Ogasawara Arc,

geological structures being oblique to the

trend of the arc are remarkable(Karig and

Moore,1975;Honza and Tamaki,1985).In

the north of about30。N,several rows of

basement highs,on whi¢h relatively large

seamomts are located in line,run in NE-SW

or ENE-WSW direction(so-called Nishi-

Shichito Ridge or Izu Ridge).Examples are

the Enpo and Genroku Seamount Chains inFig.2(a). In the south of30。N,on the other

hand,troughs of NNE-SSW strike are con-

spicuous.The most prominent among them is

the Sofugan Tectonic Line(Fig.1),a steep

cliff of probably normal fault origin mming

linearly south-southwestward from the south

of Sofugan Island. Yuasa (1985)considered

that the Izu-Ogasawara Arc can be structur-

ally divided into the southern and northern

part by this fault.The Nishinoshima Trough

lies on the east of the Sofugan Tectonic Line.

It is bordered on the east by the Shichito

Ridge. Yuasa  (1991a) proposed that the

Nishinoshima Trough was formed as a north-

ern tip of the incipient opening of the Parece

Vela Basin in Oligocene time(Mrozowski and

Hayes,1979).The Sofugan Tectonic Linewould consist a westem wall of the paleo-rift.

The “Nishinoshima Trough” of Honza and

Tamaki(1985)and Yuasa(1985)includes

other topographic lows Iying between theShichito Ridge and the Nishi-Shichito Ridge

(Izu Ridge),but in this report does not.

  The Ogasawara Ridge is a forearc basement

high of Eocene age(Tsunakawa,1983).The

Ogasawara Trough lies between theOgasawara Ridge and the Shichito Ridge.A

multi-chamel seismic profile revealed that the

Ogasawara Trough was formed by rifting(Abe 6渉 α1.,1989).The rifting of the

Ogasawara Trough may be simultaneous with

the rifting of the Nishinoshima Trough in the

Oligocene(Yamazaki6臨1.,1988a).The two

troughs may have been a part of one paleo-

rift,and later growth of the present Shichito

Ridge may have separated them.

  In the Izu-Ogasawara Arc,magnetic sur-

veys have been conducted by several institu-

tions for two decades but rather sporadically.

Here we present a magnetic anomaly map of

the whole area for the first time,which is

based on systematic survey with dense ship’s

tracks. Previously the Geological Survey of

Japan conducted a recomaissance magneticsurvey along lines at intervals of15miles(28

km)in1979,and the results were presented as

magnetic anomaly profiles(Miyazaki6渉召1.,

1981〉.The Hydrographic’Department,Mar-

itime Safety Agency Japan has published a

series of bathymetric maps of1/200,000scale

over the northem part of the Izu-Ogasawara

Arc,a part of which includes a magnetic total-

force map of the same scale.

  2。2遡翻躍aTro髄9㎞

 The Mariana Trough is known as one of

active back-arc basins in the world(Karig,

1971).Recently active hydrothermal vents

were discovered by submersible ALVIN at18。

N(Craig6緬1.,19871MooreandStakes,1990).

Based on the results of DSDP (Deep Sea

Drilling Project)drillings,Hussong and Uyeda

(1982)considered that the rifting of the Mar・

iana Trough at18。N would have begun in the

latest Miocene,about6Ma,with a halfspreading rate of2.15cm/year.Bibeeασ1.

(198g)correlated several magnetic anomaly

一657一

 

li

匠1ル

 ま

 ミき

i1

 藍 ド ずヨド

 ぞ

欝灘

//

聚繋灘

li

Page 4: M蹴餓訟A罵蹴盛M鑓訟餓丁騰聰9恥 Toshitsugu … · N(Craig6緬1.,19871MooreandStakes,1990). Based on the results of DSDP (Deep Sea Drilling Project)drillings,Hussong

βz61」6あ%oゾ云h6 G601091641S%7%ly6ゾノ4ゆα%,『Vlol.42,一No,12

Fig.2

33。N

320

31。

30。

N              ゲ

(a》 」

   5

    ♂

    d  Φ  b      〈)o

  ミ  ⑥  咲

    も  £  ミ

C)  7

勧   Q  ♂識。

 O o      OO

悔麟乳 .凝

黙o    〃 ’ 〆  ◎M

  [ )o AQgashimaRift  I/  ojinKnoII

  o  巴、  ミ  診塵

  ]  ロ、  ぺ◎睾

伊po

σ     一rの  MyolinshoCaldera

 . r∠、Gi熊葱.,       0  2 D・餅〆“            へ    む

       丘  ノO   G

①o℃周噛曙SumisuCaldera

・呼づ〔つDaisan一SumisuKnoIl

 の

 # ミ

     0   ◎ G ・・(7評笹◎〆稽     0   0◎  .

@◎♂00

いa、“         q  σ  づ

  0          2       ∈       お     9~ @       0 ⑦

     /

 o ■隔 亀 の

も戴熱励

 の

    獄

139。 140。 141。E

(a)Outline of topography in the northem Izu-Ogasawara Arc from30。to330N.Contours are at500m

intervals.Unit ofthefiguresis1000m.(b)Magnetic anomaliesinthesame area.Contoursαre at100nT intervals.Positive anomalies are shaded.(c)Survey lines of the magnetic anomalies.

profiles between17。307to18。N and estimated

a half spreading rate of approximately l。65

cm/year within50km of the spreading axis。

 The mamer of spreading in the Mariana

Trough,however,has not been understood

we1L Survey lines of magnetic anomalies are

still scarce except for the area near the

spreading axis between17。30’to18。N.It is

very difficult to correlate magnetic anomaly

profiles in the Mariana Trough mless these

1ines are closely spaced(Karig,1971;Ander-

son,19751Karig6!α1.,19781Fryer and Hus-

song,1982〉.One reason is that amplitudes of

the magnetic anomalies are generally very low

because the trough is close to the magnetic

equator and the strike of the spreading axis is

close to north-south,Another reason would

be that the spreading mamer of the Mariana

Trough is not simple and many discontinuities

such as fracture zones,propagating rifts(Hey,

一658一

Page 5: M蹴餓訟A罵蹴盛M鑓訟餓丁騰聰9恥 Toshitsugu … · N(Craig6緬1.,19871MooreandStakes,1990). Based on the results of DSDP (Deep Sea Drilling Project)drillings,Hussong

物9魁露朋o㎜伽oゾ云h8伽一〃47加α∠470s‘T.y4耀撤昭副

3300

3200

3100

3000

(b)

    毒.

.ぺ灘

oΩ   麟雛

   癬o<

    1薦熱

蔓灘

鱗蒙

Q

o

   灘難

鱗縷爵醸’8、穐蝋

  くン  リ

(〉。Q⊃   ○     榛綴   醸  翻

昏驚講.熱

講歎α撫黛羅難i .

13800

13900

14000

14100

Fig.2  continued

1977) and  overlapPing  spreading  centers

(Lonsdale,19831Macdonald and Fox,1983)

may exist.

 We have identified for the first time mag-

netic lineations in the northem Mariana

Trough between20。to22。N based on dense

magnetic profiles,and discuss the mamer of

seafloor spreading there.

3.Bataae麟s宜t亘樋腿姐re幽腿etion

Magnetic total force was measured using a

proton precession magnetometer(GeoMetrics

G801)towed about250m behind the R/VHakurei-maru.Data were logged on a mag-

netic tape every lO seconds,and finally edited

as a series of records on every minute,which

contain ship’s position,speed and geophysical

data(magnetics,gravity and depth〉.Resid-

ual total magnetic intensity field,that is,

magnetic anomaly,was obtained by subtract-

ing the1985version ofthe IGRF(lnternational

Geomagnetic Reference Field) (IAGADivision I Working Group1,1985)from the

一659一

Page 6: M蹴餓訟A罵蹴盛M鑓訟餓丁騰聰9恥 Toshitsugu … · N(Craig6緬1.,19871MooreandStakes,1990). Based on the results of DSDP (Deep Sea Drilling Project)drillings,Hussong

Bz61彪あ%(ゾ孟h6 G60Jo4αzl Sz67z76ッ6ゾノ4ψ召%,Vbl.42,No.12

3300

3200

3100

3000   138    00

《c》

、 1

、    ,   革

‘』   一・

嗣難.

~鴇・

一穏1

膠【■旧

繋¥ 11、 ハ

’i羅li難9

自}

il    碍ノ》” 鷺寄

、欝・』    1

\㌧

\ f簾r一_一一撒

鰹膣1

■欄   ■   一虚

懇璽…穣

、I

コ一     、}一噂

一 畿鰹一 一

【. 二二=【二 ヨ王=’一3

139 00

140 00

141 00

Fig.2  continued

observed data.Diumal correction was not

applied.Shipシs positions were determined by

a satellite-Loran C integrated navigation sys-

tem(Magnavox model200).This systemgenerally has an accuracy of about O.1nautical

mile(180m).After1988,the GPS (GlobalPositioning System)was also used for naviga-

tion.

 After editing out anomalous data such as

spiky noise,the data were interpolated onto a

gridρf l km spacing.The gridding was done

by a weighted averaging method using a

commercially available program packageUNIRAS.The data collected during theprevious cmises of the Geological Survey of

Japan in1979(Miyazakiαα1.,1981)werealso included.

一660一

Page 7: M蹴餓訟A罵蹴盛M鑓訟餓丁騰聰9恥 Toshitsugu … · N(Craig6緬1.,19871MooreandStakes,1990). Based on the results of DSDP (Deep Sea Drilling Project)drillings,Hussong

物9吻ぎ6α%o耀1づ6sげ云h6Zゑ%一惚7伽召∠4κsピTy碗αz襯α副

4. 亙薦e聯reta色亘o聡

  4.1N⑪r騒ern亘z眼一〇9薦題w麗題Arc:臨e恥ijoJi勲亘s.toT罐s臆ma亘s. Quaternary volcanoes stand in line along the

Shichito Ridge,the volcanic front of the Izu-

Ogasawara Arc (Fig.2(a)).They are the

Aogashima,Myojinsho,Sumisu and Tori-shima Volcanoes,and the Daisan-Sumisu and

Myojin Knolls.All but the Myojin Knoll

show strong and short wave-1ength magnetic

anomalies (Fig.2(b)〉.The complicated

anomaly pattems of these volcanoes suggest

that strongly and weakly magnetized parts are

mixed,which may reflect the bimodal volcan-

ism of this area.The islands emerged from

the sea are known to be composed of basalts

(Kmo,1962〉,but dacites are dredged from

submarine calderas(Yuasa,in prep.〉.

  A typical example is the magnetic anomaly

distribution over the Torishima volcano.

Strong dipole-type anomalies were observed

in the close vicinity ofTorishima Island.The

area of shallow water depth extending north

of the island,however,shows little anomalies

(Fig.2(b)〉.The island is composed of basalts

(Kuno, 1962),which would have strong

remanent magnetization.The shallow area

north of it would be comprised by weakly

magnetized rocks such as dacites.This imp-

1ies bimodal volcanism of the Torishima vo1-

cano.This suggestion is consistent withOkamura and othersン(1991)consideration

that thick volcaniclastic sediments in the

Sumisu Rift,which are composed mainly of

dacitic pumice(Nishimura6厩1.,1991),were

derived from the Torishima volcano or its

vicinity.

  The Myojin knoll accompanies little mag-

netic anomalies although the volume of the

volcano is not much smaller than that of oth-

ers.It is suggested that the Myojin:Knoll is

composed of weakly magnetized rocks such as

dacites.This inference has recently beenconfirmed by the observation using the sub-

mersible Shinkai2000(Yuasa,1991b).

  Back-arc rifts,which lie just behind the

volcanic front,show no remarkable magnetic

anomalies except for a chain of volcanoes

crossing obliquely the Sumisu Rift(Fig.2〉.

The basalts taken from the intra-rift vo1-

canoes in the Sumisu Rift have chemical com-

position of back-arc basin basalts (lkeda and

Yuasa,19891Fryer切α1.,1990).However,

the fact that no strong magnetic signals like

the magnetic lineations of mid-oceanic ridges

were observed suggests that these basalts

would be volumetrically small.It is thus

considered that seafloor spreading has not

started yet and the basement of the back-arc

rifts would consists dominantly of island-arc

crust.

  The Nishi-Shichito Ridge lies to the west of

the back-arc rifts,which consists of topo-

graphic highs trending obliquely to the Izu-

Ogasawara Arc.The ridges (the EnpoSeamomt Chain and the Genroku SeamomtChain) show relatively simple magnetic

anomaly distribution=negative anomalies oc-

cur north of topographic highs,and positive

south (Fig.2).This pattem indicates the

magnetization of normal polarity.The ages

oftheridgesarenotclear.AK-Arageof2.2±1.1Ma was reported from the EnpoSeamomt(Yuasa,1985).On the other hand,

historical volcanic activity around the Genro-

ku Seamomt was documented(Kmo,1962).

The normal polarity of the magnetization

might indicate yomg age of the ridges

(younger than the Bmnhes-MatuyamabomdaryatO.73Ma),butthereisapossibility

that induced magnetization or viscousmagnetization of the present geomagnetic

field direction have overcome the primary

remanent magnetization~Magnetic proP・erties of the rocks which comprise these ridges

have not yet been known.

 4。2 M童翻且e亘z眼一〇gas&w麗我A麗:Sof腿9樋

亘s.馳Nis踊齢曲量m箆亙s.

 The Sofugan and Nishinoshima volcanoes,

the crests of which are emerged from the sea,

are Quaternary arc volcanoes located on the

一661一

Page 8: M蹴餓訟A罵蹴盛M鑓訟餓丁騰聰9恥 Toshitsugu … · N(Craig6緬1.,19871MooreandStakes,1990). Based on the results of DSDP (Deep Sea Drilling Project)drillings,Hussong

βz61」6渉づ%oゾ孟h6 G60JogJαzl S%7z761y(1ゾノ4かz7z,’Vb乙42,No.12

(a》

30◎N

Fig.3

29。

280

27。

沙       q例 心

      』 /     !     /          し/        k-

   。 〃

   魁 o

       o 2

墾滑

       の   \

           v▽           、    観

.韓M慧顯

        1    /         1   /        ノ〆~ノ      /一フ        、、            /        \__一一r   l            (   \            \       !             \      、/ 、        )「        、^、’、一、  ノ          》   ~  !         /、    1 し         / 、   ~  \        !   、   \一へ        k     ’ρ一、啄          1 /   ゾ        、  、 \        k〔へ、、ノ  /        、〕  、一、 /10machiSmtつ・さ一、 )

  ~v〆匹⇒♪ 、   入、T一げ   !、         ソ1/     ノ !

ノ、/-、

o        噂     さ           D          oり

  ト   。        魅

も     ◎も  ざQ 3bひ  ㎝ 

1       0  事 

ほo@t

獣階、

一善錨枷

        ㌧\      1         ト)ヤ 1、

     呂/、い     隷 久 _ !’ρ 、

     箆ノ・継

         “ 、“N

         Y    へ\         て∫\號

           1  / 曳           ソ イ     ノ          /  曳  !、

伽蹴ミ鱗添

ノ\ノ、ぞ7

    G o    。 〈/

 〃。o嗜

、◎    3    ◎◎   ⑨

εぷ

 o  ざ

  ‘aノ.

夢・慧 範

論副      r嶋ら’◎

  o

      ⑩    /f川川          歳 1”11バ      監  …川1’       o    へμ1       の    川1ヒDoyo Smt. 鳴   尽㌧♪ 遥                     、\ 、・く     O     へ、   t

   \    ◎    い   \        入            、    \     、        君 μ     、く        111’      \       イ 11ノ      〉      1μ1’

騨野縛

N、、、“、、、1

川〃々、llllI1[、月!’1’ulノ刀!【ハ

細TenpoSmt.

  貯〔

 、ll感[

ノ\fl“

r¥)

                 140。           14唱。           唱42◎E

(a)Outline of topography in the middle Izu-Ogasawara Arc from27。to30。N,Contours are at500m

intervals.Unit of the figures is1000m.Broken lines indicate the location of seismic profiles shown in

Fig.5.(b)Magnetic anomalies inthe same area.Contoursare at100nT intervals,Positive anom-

alies are shaded.(c)Survey lines ofthe magnetic anomalies.Bold lines indicate the location of seismic

profiles shown in Fig,5.

volcanic front.They have dipole-type mag-

netic anomalies of normal polarity(Fig.3(b)).

There is no subaerial volcano between the

two,but seven seamomts,recently named as

the Shichiyo Seamount Chain,are located on

the Shichito Ridge in a row(from the Nichiyo

Seamomt to the Doyo Searhount)(Fig.3(a)).

 The Shichiyo Seamount Chain and neigh-

boring seamounts can be divided into fo皿

groups based on their magnetic anomalies(Fig.4). The first group(group l)has strong

dipole-type anomalies ofnormal polarity(Fig.

3(b)).The Kayo Seamount,the KinyoSeamomt and the Doyo Seamount are includ一

一662一

Page 9: M蹴餓訟A罵蹴盛M鑓訟餓丁騰聰9恥 Toshitsugu … · N(Craig6緬1.,19871MooreandStakes,1990). Based on the results of DSDP (Deep Sea Drilling Project)drillings,Hussong

ル勉g%漉卿oη昭1乞6s oゾ孟h6左%一ル勉7宛槻、4κsピT。y砺z薦盈づ6渉召0

30

29

28

27

(b》

\蹴.灘

   なだ

   霧雛

     艶

(』)

駄廷隈

      o       c 。

   柔懸籍Gつ 懸馨醗

蒙響ぐ回瀦.Q・・

瀬 o      く⊃ ら

     轟10

        d

      塗騒

   。趨暴欝蕪

Q①⊂>

㌶灘、熟。.一爺、)

、○○

〉繭/麟

139 140Fig.3  continued

ed in this group.These seamomts are con-

sidered to be Quaternary arc volcanoes like

the Sofugan and Nishinoshima volcanoes.

 The second group (group 2 in Fig.4)

accompanies weak anomalies compared withthe volumes of their edifices(Fig.3(b)).The

examples are the Nichiyo Seamomt,the Sawa

Seamomt and an umamed seamount at28。30’N, 140。15’E, It is considered that these

seamounts are not young volcanoes but blocks

of old island-arc crust。 Seismic reflection

profiles revealed that these seamomts are

tilted blocks cut by faults and covered with

sedimentary layers(Fig.5(a)).The deforma一

141 142

tion would have been taken place under the

extensional regime which formed the Ni-

shinoshima Trough.

 The third group(group3in Fig,4)which

includes the Suiyo Seamomt and the Mokuyo

Seamount is characterized by an unique

anomaly distribution which cannot be ex-

plained by the magnetization of the present

geomagnetic field direction(Fig.3(b)).The

Suiyo Seamomt has a positive,strongeranomalies above its westem flank and a nega-

tive,weaker anomalies above the eastemflank(Fig。3(b)).This anomaly pattem can

be interpreted as the magnetization of east一

一663一

Page 10: M蹴餓訟A罵蹴盛M鑓訟餓丁騰聰9恥 Toshitsugu … · N(Craig6緬1.,19871MooreandStakes,1990). Based on the results of DSDP (Deep Sea Drilling Project)drillings,Hussong

Bz61」6ガ銘(ゾ孟h6 G60JogJo81S%7z尼ッ(ゾノ吻4%,Viol.42,No。12

3000

2900

2800

2700  138

   00

(c》]

n1

’1 1 、

1 II

‘切

1lI

」1聖 覧

… し

犀! 1

1 1

ξ

\ 1

‘aノ

「 ;

1

1冒

1

6\

1

l   I1

139 00

140 00

!41

 00

142 00

Fig.3  continued

ward declination and shallow inclination(Fig.

6).The direction of the magnetization is

fairly close to the paleomagnetic direction of

Ogasawara(Bonin)Islands on the Ogasawara

Ridge(Kodama6渉σ1.,1983)。The east de-

nected declinations have been reported not

only from the Ogasawara Islands but also

from the Mariana Islands(McCabe andUyeda,1983),the Palau Islands(Hastonασ1.,

1988),and Guam and Saipan(Haston andFuller,1991),and they can be explained by the

clockwise rotation of the Philippine Sea plate

since the Oligocene (Louden,19771Seno and

Mamyama,19841Haston6厩1。,1988,Hastonand Fuller,1991)。The magnetization direc・

tion thus suggests that the Suiyo Seamomt

would have emplaced soon after the formation

of the Nishinoshima Trough in the Oligocene,

and after that it was rotated with thePhilipPine Sea plate.

  The anomaly distribution of the Mokuyo

Seamomt is even more complicated(Fig.3(b)).A pair of positive’and negative anom-

alies of north-south direction occurs on the

seamomt,but its spread is restricted just

above its crest. Its vicinity, on the other

hand,shows the anomaly pattem of eastward

magnetization similar to that of the Suiyo

Seamount.It is thus estimated that the edi・

fice of the Mokuyo Seamount would haveformed mainly at about the same time as the

Suiyo Seamomt,but recently rejuvenatedvolcanic activity has taken place at the crest.

There are some other observations which

support this inference.Seismic reflectionprofiles across the Mokuyo Seamount(Fig.5

//灘難支

一664一

Page 11: M蹴餓訟A罵蹴盛M鑓訟餓丁騰聰9恥 Toshitsugu … · N(Craig6緬1.,19871MooreandStakes,1990). Based on the results of DSDP (Deep Sea Drilling Project)drillings,Hussong

ル望2zg銘6あo ご〃zo窺41づ6s oゾ’孟h6 12κ一ノ耀~z7乞ごz%ごz1470s ピT. y2znz6z2ごzhづ (話ごzl.、)

Fig.4

300

2go

28◎

qφ “  魅

 σ 〃

 魅 025           0

梅鑓o

b    __

、騨鵬鞭螺。

▽・騨

 倉 二     ゆ

じ   ,◎        も

1灘罰tQ離・動・s

q。 

0 9〃。 o》

 9

。1、館

S,羅鎌

圏眉

睡2

麗劃3

麗講4Smt.

machi Smt.

                 Tenp◎Smt.               〔

                         1400E            1410

Classification ofthe Shichiyo Seamount Chain and neighboring seamomts from their magnetic anomaly

pattems。(1)Quatemary volcanoes having strong dipole-type anomalies of the normal polarity.(2)

Faulted blocks of old island-arc crust accompanying weak magnetic anomalies。(3)Old volcanoes

having east-deflected magnetization direction.(4)01d basement highs characterized by broad positive

magnetic anomalies.

(b)) show that except for the crest the

seamomt has well stratified reflectors,which

suggests that the seamomt is covered with

fine sediments rather than volcaniclasticdebris.It is thus inferred that the seamount

would not be young except for the top.

Recent SeaBeam mapping revealed that thecrest has caldera structure (Nagaoka 6渉 α1.,

1991).In the caldera,hydrothermal activity

was discovered by dives of the submersible

Shinkai 2000 (Nagaoka,1990),indicating a

recent volcanic activity there.

  Around the Tenpo Seamount and the Oma-

chi Seamomt(group4in Fig.4),broad posi-

tive magnetic anomalies are conspicuous(Fig.

3(b)).The intensities of these anomalies are

fairly large,more than500nT.The broad-

ness of the anomalies and their rather poor

correspondence to the topography suggest that

the major cause of these anomalies would not

be the magnetization of the edifices of the

seamomts but somewhat deeper magnetized

bodies.On the Omachi Seamount,K-Ar ages

of32to34Ma and occurrence of late Eocenemicrofossils were reported (Yuasa α α1.,

1988),A sedimentary rock having microfos-

sil age of the early to middle Miocene was

taken from the top of the Tenpo Seamount

(lkari and Nishimura,1991).It is thus con-

sidered that these seamounts are not yomg

volcanoes,but are composed of old island-arc

cmsts which formed before the Izu一

一665一

Page 12: M蹴餓訟A罵蹴盛M鑓訟餓丁騰聰9恥 Toshitsugu … · N(Craig6緬1.,19871MooreandStakes,1990). Based on the results of DSDP (Deep Sea Drilling Project)drillings,Hussong

ま①

閃ひq

→盟げ昌Φ磯一ΦO IO o讐げδ’き

塁ま

o 一賄OD の9あ’窃目.

甑8亀旨9窃鼠餌9

80 り鴇9睾号

甥50R略鵯6ω箒宙(ノ)

)四”ミP四α((ノ)

gs ヨ 2 筥 貧 四 昌 α け 竃

 置 身 昌 o ω 8 ヨ 8 旨 ∂

’『wo隅way t『avel tlme in seconds

轟 9 時 (  σ面幽 )

甲■  ・”練   ウ

い1騨ヤ繍・

1・ 一閣1轟

’ ㌃・『

㌦亀φ鱒罐転←年

◎蹄題紫◎

碗①

レ1 レ L 5 』一

〇7零0

鋤§o隠

し・1    ピ距    6

『鮪“

、.瀞

M頃ヒ5b  旨卜Lし 1.,‘お,1熱灘製

レr 卜  ;・・二‘

4τ=σ

..副,,べ継融潤

ひ1  一 』 ・;。二 .・㌔…購爵蝋騨

…  =㌧h勤鳩

4  ■  ro

無’!=■・』覧’

峰》『 ・.2、避榊

トも Σ5 _一

{昭1、..・鐘贈 一

げ、鱗魏〆.、ご1調溶 o

宍ヨ

,i韻,戯

’、

,’が勲i、1ず蹄,

oτWO爾Way t『aVel time in SeCOndS

轟 o 時 幽

ハ9》

’猟 鋤lr

織’気

 難蕪懇一「一

難    ド  ロ              ト    P     聖  .      ぺ や     じロ    ペ    ド      ,      ■  転      甲      し    ’           』     ド   ド     ’         1

  驚撫叢難

麟號

一監6ρ~・嗣“ ’

も◎

署鋤

紛㊤

§◎麹諭

ずr一’旨

‘跳礁紬s鼠

   搬 繋鱒  一噌

___盤、

・κ縮

鴇L

灘継一

繍 …廓

oズヨ

bu

ミミミ9

導鳴

osご偽89匙

のミ

這趣

ミ§

ぎト叙

Nさ

』貼

1

Page 13: M蹴餓訟A罵蹴盛M鑓訟餓丁騰聰9恥 Toshitsugu … · N(Craig6緬1.,19871MooreandStakes,1990). Based on the results of DSDP (Deep Sea Drilling Project)drillings,Hussong

瑠48・冗顔6伽o窺α1∫εs oゾ孟hε盈%辺毎π1α%α14γcs‘T y伽zα9盈σ召渉α1.ノ

一100

騰i

 ¥  』 』  唱

 』  』  自  』 』  P

礁嘆瀬、,、

翻勢e

  ,ダ

欝 10km、、『』享  一 享、灘

Fig,6 Magnetic anomaliesproducedby apyramid-shaped magnetizedbody.Thedeclination oftheremanentmagnetization of the pyramid is90。E,inclination20。and intensity7A/m.The declination and

inclination of the ambient field are-4。and38。,respectively(value of the1985version of the IGRF at

28。N,140。E).DepthLof the top of the pyramid is l km,and the bottom4km.Contours are at100nT

intervals.Positive anomalies are shaded.

Ogasawara Ridge and the Kyushu-Palau Rid-

ge were separated by the creation of the Shi・

koku and Parece Vela Basin。

  The broad positive anomalies similar to

those observed over the Omachi and Tenpo

Seamomts occur sporadically in the fore-arc

region in the northern part of the Izu-

Ogasawara Arc.They are at southeast ofTorishima Is.and east of Sumisu Is。shown in

Fig.2(b),and the Shinkurose Bank(northeast

of Hachijojima Is.),presented in Ishihara6砲1.

(1981〉。 These regions correspond to the

uplifted portions of acoustic basement on

seismic profiles,called the Shinkurose Ridge

(Honza and Tamaki,1985).The basement

highs are interpreted to be composed of

Paleogene and Miocene sedimentary rocks on

the geological map of Honza6砂1.(1982).It

is thus considered that the broad positive

magnetic anomalies would characterizebasement highs of the old Izu-Ogasawara Arc.

  In the west of the Nishinoshima Trough,

magnetic anomalies having relatively longwave-1ength are distributed (Fig.3(b)).

Topography of this region is fairly smooth

(Fig.3(a)).These anomalies are probably

attributable to deeper magnetized bodies such

as intmsives.The elongating direction of the

anomalies,WNW-ESE,isperpendiculartothestructural trend of this area,represented by

the Sofugan Tectonic Line.

 4.3 SOuthem Iz既一〇9我s我wara Arc=t恥e

K我ikaねSeamo聡醜ttoM亘醜我mi-lwoj亘漁夏s. Volcanoes on the Shichito Ridge(Fig.7(a))

show strong,short wave-1ength magneticanomalies(Fig.7(b)〉reflecting their Iarge

volume and shallow water depths.The basic

pattem of magnetic anomaly distribution over

the Kaikata Seamomt,the:Kaitoku Seamomt

and Kita-lwojima Is.is of normal-polarity

magnetization:the anomalies over the north-

em flank of the volcanoes are dominantly

negative,and those over the southern flank are

positive.Being superimposed on this pattem,

dipole-type anomalies of shorセer wave-1ength

are distributed.Some of the①correspond to

topographic highs,but otherS do not.Thelatter would be due to highly variable magnet-

ization,reflecting thermal and compositional

inhomogeneity of the volcanoes.

  The Iwojima and the、Minami-lwojima Vol一

一667一

Page 14: M蹴餓訟A罵蹴盛M鑓訟餓丁騰聰9恥 Toshitsugu … · N(Craig6緬1.,19871MooreandStakes,1990). Based on the results of DSDP (Deep Sea Drilling Project)drillings,Hussong

Bz61」6訪z6ゾ云h6 G60Jo4αzl Sz67∂召:y6ゾ忽)ごz%,yiol.・42,.〈ろo.12

《観》

27。N

Fig.7

26。

25。

24。

制 o該 ) 糖!’ノ

朴!、 、頑

    q葱    q心

       り

        、      脳  デ

o

        ◎

   o

o       働

   Q

  ㊤   o

騨湊  陶軸

  鵬

   〃 o

 殉

    唱    ○

             11            ヲ\            ’            ノ            YQ Kalka竜aS醜い1

物亀バ         紬  ノ  柊        一  1   \           ゾ          ノ

D Kal量◎k幽s朧量.

r、

ノノいlll、t’目、\1\ \き\バノ黛  ~\ 、

u冷ノ1

’、

\¥ご◎¥

 ノ 、

⑨3 D

聰転圃馨

で^ノ、

/ 1し 1

o◎

o             憶

         9噛、 ll ’

軸 圃 1、

鰍(7

らG ¢◎

■巴曜駒

鵡o覧自回鵡鵠

         凱         ◎

瀕     1《1量a-lwol辮a          /一、        、~か       ¥ /  く         4

 ∫

’tlS./

o∠)

     働9

4/殉 o㊥1脇麟

   眺      鞠   o

>D O      o

賄齢翻一lwoll朧als、

o3。 ◎

               嘱40。        14調。

(a)Outline of topography in the southem Izu-Ogasawara Arc from24。to27。N。

intervals.Unit ofthe figures is1000m.(b)Magnetic anomalies inthe same area

nT intervals.Positive anomalies are shaded.

canoes are characterized by extremely com-

plicated magnetic anomaly distribution(Fig.7

(b)).The anomalies have very high amplitude

(up to 3000nT) and short wave-1ength.

Their complexity is more than that of the

three volcanoes mentioned above。Thiswould reflects higher inhomogeneity of these

volcanoes,suggesting longer history of the

volcanic activity.The magnetic anomalycontour map of these two volcanoes,however,

has some roomfor furtherrevision because the

                        142。E

                   Contours are at500m

                     Contours are at100

(c)Survey lines of the magnetic anomalies。

 spacings of survey lines are still too large

compared with the observed short wave-length of the anomalies(Fig.7(c)),and the

accuracy of positioning is low aromd Iwojima

Is.,sometimesworse than500m,because oftoo

short distance from a Loran-C station being

 located on the island. In the vicinity of the

Iwojima Is.,the Hydrographic Department,

Maritime Safety Agency Japan has already conducted not only tota1-intensity ⑳easure・

ment by a ship but also three-component

一668一

Page 15: M蹴餓訟A罵蹴盛M鑓訟餓丁騰聰9恥 Toshitsugu … · N(Craig6緬1.,19871MooreandStakes,1990). Based on the results of DSDP (Deep Sea Drilling Project)drillings,Hussong

惚n痂oα%o脚1づ6s oゾ孟h6彦%一妬z7勿%z4κsピT.y4彫召㌶hJ切召θ

(b》

2700

2600

2500

2400

 139 00

 ,欝

  碁し、奪 曳  。

 縷   GQ        .、命

の籐δ

0雌灘鰹『 ズ

 穣鐵  G    Q』  総渦

   置

6籔,馨磐

1         \

念㌶羅

) 醗\ o 》

   ∂津慧1㈱

oハ)簸

饗。織灘翻餐灘

糠’〉

膿拶/。。

 ∂な愚〆譲蕪欝購糞駿り

  艶、繕藤叢

欝灘響、隷 塵懸、難.饗・

雛礁難140

00

14100

Fig.7  continued

measurement by an airplane(Oshimaαα1.,

1982;1985).They estimated using some mod-

eling technique that the center of the Iwojima

Volcano from surface to2km in depth is non・

magnetic because of high temperature.This

explains why dipole-type anomalies of rever・

sed direction (north side is positive and vice

versa)occur on the center of the volcano(Fig.

7(b)).

 In the back-arc area west of the Shichito

Ridge,northwest trending belts of positive and

negative anomalies altemate like the magnetic

Iineations of mid-oceanic ridges(Fig.7(b)).

14200

The origin of these anomaly belts is not clear,

but they cannot be explained by the effect of

surface topography because the topography of

this area is rather smooth(Fig.7(a)).The

anomalies may reflect a relief of the basement

covered with thick sedimentary layers derived

from the arc volcanoes.Another possibility

is that the basement of this area may be

norしheastern extension of the oceanic crust in

the Parece Vela Basin having magnetic linea-

tions.This hypothesis implies that the pres-

ent Izu-Ogasawara Arc of this region has

grown on the oceanic crust.

一669一

Page 16: M蹴餓訟A罵蹴盛M鑓訟餓丁騰聰9恥 Toshitsugu … · N(Craig6緬1.,19871MooreandStakes,1990). Based on the results of DSDP (Deep Sea Drilling Project)drillings,Hussong

Bπll6あ多z(ゾ 云h60601092αzl Sz躍%ly6ゾノ4ゆα多z,Viol.42.No.12

(c)

2700

2600

2500

2400   139    00

1 i  『, li・H/ゴ 1π

1 \ 『。 レ7寧

監 賦 隔聖〆、 ’∠

1!巨 ・  瓢曝’~ ノ 1

」_

.謡、一

1

輪1ノ ξ

・  鱒  ・バ

肛! /

//

し1  馨 ・嚢褻畠『一←、

一蓑,\  1

〆 」、一1

・!嘉L『』一’1 P ¥、

1

/ li ㌔

’ 1 …!

聖   ’    、     聖

『 ヤ 1

1’…,1 }i/ {

1一h 覧コ

』 1

11げ

、\

Ii~ \

91

1

Ii _1i!

1 Jl

旨、

、  1

1{し    『

一i〕 イ

1 ノ\ 1

ユ 、曹

1\

〔一\ユ  一一.霧蓬憲議臥.

140 eo

Fig.7

 The Ogasawara Trough(Figs.3(a)and7(a))

shows slight negative magnetic anomalies,and

no lineations can be recognized(Figs.3(b)and

7(b)).This is consistent with the considera-

tion that the basement of the OgasawaraTrough is rifted island-arc cmst(Abe6渉α1.,

1989). On the other hand, Isezaki 6渉 α1.

(1989) carried out three-component mea-

surements of the geomagnetic field,and found

lineations of north-south strike on the east and

vertical components in the OgasawaraTrough. But the origin of the lineations is not

clear.

     141

      00

continued

!42

 00

 4.4,0gasawara Plateau an、《I neighboring

seamounts The Ogasawara Plateau and three otherseamomts east of it(the Yabe Seamomt,the

Hanzawa Seamomt and the KatayamaSeamomt) which we studied (Fig.8(a))

occupy the westem end of the Marcus-Wake

seamount chain (the Michelson Ridge of

Smoot(1983)).The Ogasawara Plateau has

collided against the Izu-Ogasawara Arc at the

junction between the Izu-Ogasawara and

Mariana Trenches.

  A belt of negative magnetic anomalies was

一670一

Page 17: M蹴餓訟A罵蹴盛M鑓訟餓丁騰聰9恥 Toshitsugu … · N(Craig6緬1.,19871MooreandStakes,1990). Based on the results of DSDP (Deep Sea Drilling Project)drillings,Hussong

ル死zg%6海6 ご〃zo㎜zl♂6s 6ゾ 孟h6 1≧z6一ノ協z7乞ごz銘ごz/170s ピT. y4nzαzごzhづ 6渉ごzl.ノ

observed over the three seamounts east of the

Ogasawara Plateau(Fig.8(b))。The ampli-

tude of the anomalies of the Yabe Seamomt

was about-700nT,and that of the Hanzawa

Seamomt and the Katayama Seamount ex-

ceeded -1000nT. The fact that negative

magnetic anomahes occur above the bodies of

the seamomts indicate that their magnetiza-

tions are normal polarity an(1have shallow

inclinations,while too scarce survey lines in

the northern and southern vicinity of those

seamounts(Fig,8(c))prevent from calculating

their magnetization more quantitatively by an

inversion method.The ages of theseseamounts are estimated to be the Cretaceous

from the microfossil age of limestone covering

the top of the Yabe Seamomt(Shiba,1979).

It is thus considered that these seamounts were

emplaced in an equatorial region in theCretaceous,and have been moved to the pres-

ent position by the northward shift of the

Pacific plate since then (e.g. Clague and

Jarrard, 1973). In  the vicinity  of these

seamounts,Vacquier and Uyeda (1967)reported another seamount(No.Z-4-3at27。

N,148。407E)having the magnetization of

shallow inclination.

  The Ogasawara Plateau has several peaks

on it(Fig.8(a)).The Kita Seamomt on the

Ogasawara Plateau has dominantly negativeanomalies(Fig.8(b)),which is similar to the

seamomts mentioned above.The HigashiSeamomt(the Broken-Top Guyot of Smoot

(1983)),the Nishi Seamomt and the Minami

Seamount have,on the other hand,a pair of

positive and negative anomalies (positive

anomalies are on the southem flanks of the

bodies,and vice versa)(Fig.8(b)). This type

of anomaly distribution suggests that the

magnetization directions of the seamounts are

close to that of the present geomagnetic field

there.This implies that these seamountswere magnetized at a place near the present

latitude.However,fossil evidence shows that

the Higashi Seamount was formed in the

Cretaceous in an equatorial region like the

Yabe Seamomt(Konishi,1985)。One pos一

sible explanation for this discrepancy is that

induced magnetization and/or viscousmagnetization of the present field direction

have overcome the primary remanent magnet-

ization of the seamomts which would have

been acquired in low latitudes。Another pos-

sibility is that these seamounts wereremagnetized by rejuvenated volcanic activ-

ities of relatively young age,that is,after the

directional change of the movement of the

Pacific plate from NNW to WNW,which is

known to have occurred at about43Ma(Clague and Jarrard,1973).Nemotoαα1.(1986)suggested the existence of Eocene vo1-

canic activities at the Higashi Seamomt.

  The stripes of the positive and negative

anomalies over the Ogasawara Plateau seems

to continue landward across the trench

although their amplitudes decrease.Thisobservation suggests that the westem flank of

the Ogasawara Plateau has been already sub-

ducting undemeath the forearc wedge of the

Izu-Ogasawara Arc.

 4.5N艦her醜M麟a舩Troug恥 The Mariana Trough is initiated at about

24。N,just south of Minami-Iwolima Is。(Fig.9

(a)).It develops from a rifting stage to a

spreading stage at about22。N(Yamazaki6孟

α1.,1988b;Murakamiαα1.,1989).The

trough widens southward from80to120km atthis boundary at22。N,and deepens more than

500m.Small ridges and grabens trending

NNW-SSE become conspicuous in the southof the boundary.

  The characteristics of magnetic anomaly

distribution also vary significantly at this

boundary (Fig.9(b)). In the north of22。N,

dipole-type anomalies or short wave-1ength

anomalies are remarkable,which are of

seamount or intmsive origin.No magneticlineations are observed. The seafloor of this

regionwould consist ofstretched and sundered

island-arc crust. In the south of22。N,on the

other hand,NNW trending magnetic llnea-

tions can be recognized,which would be

caused by magnetization of oceanic crust.

一671一

Page 18: M蹴餓訟A罵蹴盛M鑓訟餓丁騰聰9恥 Toshitsugu … · N(Craig6緬1.,19871MooreandStakes,1990). Based on the results of DSDP (Deep Sea Drilling Project)drillings,Hussong

一z乙9一

紬睨

0

紬㊨霧

問ひq

oo

きヨε

熊9巴R菖δo〈50ω巴Φ帥∫ρo吋   胤の   け

魯ε8&匡畠のゆい貸讐8_9菖ε800(ノ)餌噛

但昌9還§

講9貯舞貯箒帥箒ω国 ゆ ゆ

ヨヨ8甜Φ翌諾巽鋤§串且9}  昌⇒(臼)㊤.

のの ヨ旨浮箔2自霧鵠日● 9》磯

 器紹  ゆ 跨目 一2 8旨 口幹 → 一.O P O 肖昌 Φ 6圏 r o 〈仁 薗 r 一ω ω  曽  H  Φ 勺 ○帥 ω 貯 諄。一 一。o 〈o Φ O

ぬ轟鯵

o

ぬ轟魎

ゆ轟⑳

OQgD¢④

1乞フ,舞

菱\1◎

 韓

霊9瓢

N卿

∈即

く④

ぴΦ

◎D

i…i

讐評曾

ス鋤

むo《9D

oωヨ槽

  ㎡  .、 ζ・gasaw疲◇

ρ 軌

ooo訣醤恥

輪§陣

o

《麟》

8τ’02V‘昂フ0レ1物朔ρ孤3磁%Sノ聯8070∂θ∂解ρ%3ヌ∂1ノ%9

Page 19: M蹴餓訟A罵蹴盛M鑓訟餓丁騰聰9恥 Toshitsugu … · N(Craig6緬1.,19871MooreandStakes,1990). Based on the results of DSDP (Deep Sea Drilling Project)drillings,Hussong

1零もQ

2700

2600

2500143

 0D

2700

26GO

oハ 

ヤ、〆ノ

辱・。

 ㎜

   賑装鱗

   ( 辻グ・   鞭胸/?  ⑨

}.   3.

嚢s轟 復 と

(b)

還薫藤事 蒲論

 医難

麹ぐ蕊へ  ’ 獲影篠撰

  一 鴉

2500143

 00

1器 1壽 1器 11『 11『

(c)

1器 145        14600           00

 Fig.8  continued

11『 11『

蓼§ら

§

§§の

ぎ 

§ミ・

専8爲

§§翁蕊

卜㌧

Page 20: M蹴餓訟A罵蹴盛M鑓訟餓丁騰聰9恥 Toshitsugu … · N(Craig6緬1.,19871MooreandStakes,1990). Based on the results of DSDP (Deep Sea Drilling Project)drillings,Hussong

■  lI

Bz61」6あ麗(ゾ玩6G601040ごzl Sz67∂6:yのr/4ρα%,Vbム42〈砂.ヱ2

240

23。

麟噺.臨    ◎

q 駕

(a》

d

翁  ◎

姉響◎  ⑨

過 9

d

▽9

141。’『akasu Smt.

   D考

22。

    参

    咳

     噛

      も

、   ぺ

  Minaml-Hiyoshi Smt.

飼     Nikko Smt.㈱

の     ロ

.懸

  翁 網      ◎

。D  巾

。  鰭覧も

O

   も

識142。

210

        φ

 ◎

繋、1。。km孫

          鴇

20。N

B

s

駕  %

oo

  ℃

Fukujin Smt.

/,1

傘q q

  o  怒

4

2    “

Kasuga Smt. 1

 θ

Inaml-Kasuga SmI.

噌φ 2傷

塔気   偽

3

1430E 144。

Fig.9 (a)Outline of topography in the northem Mariana Trough from20。to240N.Contours are at500m

intervals.Unit ofthe figures is1000m.(b)Magnetic anomalies inthe same area.Contours are at100

nT intervals.Positive anomalies are shaded.(c)Survey lines of the magnetic anomalies.

一674一

Page 21: M蹴餓訟A罵蹴盛M鑓訟餓丁騰聰9恥 Toshitsugu … · N(Craig6緬1.,19871MooreandStakes,1990). Based on the results of DSDP (Deep Sea Drilling Project)drillings,Hussong

舩zg多z6あ6 ごz%o万別zlJ6s (ゾ 孟h6 /2z6一ノ晩z7乞4%σノ170s ピT。 y~z盟z召2召左づ 6オ召乙ノ

2400

2300

2200

2100

2000 14!  00

遷響驚〆.,』1ξ藩㌧つ

鱗載、驚郵)

(b)

〃『olil o

:ご7

・響繋、     響・

  ・爵簿裁・9

寒繁、蓼塙\画奪識,

誉縷抄膓

9.灘簿1”

  恥◎   鵯誤

辛,黙

(灘 纂、

  1   、142

00143

00144

00145

00

Fig.9  continued

Correlation is obvious on the magnetic anom-

aly profiles along the survey lines(Fig,10(a)),

particularly between21。and22。N.

 4.5.1耽%痂脇加げ窺α9襯」61吻読oηs To assign ages to the magnetic lineations,

we performed forward modeling by a two-

dimensional block modeL The model shown

in Fig.11fits well the anomaly profiles

between21。and22。N.We adopted theskewness parameter of-58。,which is derived

on the assumption that two-dimensional

blocks having N20。W strike were magnetized

at the present latitude.We thus considered

that the formation of oceanic cmst between22。

and21。N would have started at3Ma or a little

earlier with a half-spreading rate of about2.5

一675一

Page 22: M蹴餓訟A罵蹴盛M鑓訟餓丁騰聰9恥 Toshitsugu … · N(Craig6緬1.,19871MooreandStakes,1990). Based on the results of DSDP (Deep Sea Drilling Project)drillings,Hussong

Bz61」6痂z6ゾ云h6 G60Jo4侃l Sz67z76ッ(ゾ忽)召%,Vbl.42,〈石o.12

2400

2300

220G

2100

2000   141            142    00                00

                                Fig.9

cm/year.隅The rate would have decreased to

about l cm/year at present.The present

spreading rate at the northern end of the

spreading axis close to22。N is estimated to be

a little faster,about2cm/year。The topog・

raphy of the spreading axis supPorts this

interpretation. The rift valley on the spread-

ing axis becomes less retnarkable northward

on the topographic profiles shown in Fig.10(b),

N 《c》

一   、 黛

\、

1

N

峯、t

!43               !44               !45

 00                00                00

continued

 which suggests that spreading rate becomes

 higher northward(Macdonald,1986)。

   The correlation between the model and the

  obser▽ation on the eastern flank  of the

 spreading center is not good because the

 magnetic lineations are disturbed by the

  anomalies accompanied by seamounts(Figs.9

 (b) and 10(a)).They are the Fukujin

 Seamount and a chain of submarine volcanoes

一676一

li

I

I嵩

馨.

きら

き 『

 で き

Page 23: M蹴餓訟A罵蹴盛M鑓訟餓丁騰聰9恥 Toshitsugu … · N(Craig6緬1.,19871MooreandStakes,1990). Based on the results of DSDP (Deep Sea Drilling Project)drillings,Hussong

ノレ勉9%6〃o 召%o㎜」∫(器 6ゾ●云h612z6一ノ晩z甥召多祝z/170s ピT. y4郷ごz2召たガ 6渉ごz乙ノ)

22。N

21。

20。

 142。

ノ.

   Q

G   剛

課(a)

 2GO“て

縞。。

    ..◎

冊   蒙   型縦織グ

擁    副

1  }添

     フ

訳嗣

 ◎

    象

143。 144。 145。E

220N

21。

200 142。

Fig.10

憾麟

143。

144。

(b》

f5..,①

145。E

(a)MagneticanomalyprofilesalongthesurveylinesofENE-SWSdirectionintheMarianaTroughfrom20。to22。N.Solids are positive anomalies and opens are negative.Interpretation is superimposed:

shaded belts represent the magnetization ofthe normal polarity.B:the Brunhes Epoch(0-0.73Mal

Harland6麺1.(1982)),0:the Olduvai Event(1.67-1.87Ma),G:the Gauss Epoch(2.48-3.40Ma).(b)

Topographic profiles along the same lines.Dots indicate the location of spreading centers estimated

from the magnetic lineations.Line A is the location ofthe seismic reflection profile shown in Fig、13.

一677一

Page 24: M蹴餓訟A罵蹴盛M鑓訟餓丁騰聰9恥 Toshitsugu … · N(Craig6緬1.,19871MooreandStakes,1990). Based on the results of DSDP (Deep Sea Drilling Project)drillings,Hussong

B%ll6あnρゾ 渉h6 G60104αzl Sκ7∂6ッのF/41)ごz%,Viol.42,No.ヱ2

Fig.11

Moqle’          oSkewness-58

         400nT        l。

4 2 0     2MaPolarity

10km

2、5cm/year i 1.5 11・011・01 1・5 [2・5 Rate

     〔Thickness3km,lntensity5A/m)

Magnetic anomalies produced by a two-dimensional block mode1.Spreading rates were adjusted so

that the theoretical anomaly profile fits the observed ones around21。30’N in the Mariana Trough。

Solid blocks represent the normal polarity and open ones are reversed.The magnetic polarity time

scale of Harland6オα1.(1982)was used,

1ineated southwestward from the KasugaSeamomt(Cross-chain seamountsl Hussongand Fryer,1983)(Fig.9(a)),which were em-

placed after the formation of oceanic crust。

  4.5.20∂67妙卿gs卿α伽go6漉zs認21。ノV

 Our interpretation of magnetic anomaly

profiles leads to the conclusion that two

spreading centers overlap from20。3αto21。N

(Fig.10(a)).The characteristic anomaly pat-

tem which has been recognized on the profiles

north of22。N continues southward to about20。

30’N,althoughthe amplitudes ofthe anomalies

become sma11,an order of about lOO nT.To

the east of it,on the()ther hand,another iden-

tical anomaly pattem mns parallels to the

former from20。3奪to21。N。The latter con-

tinues southward to2αN,where axi謡valleys

oftheMid-Atlantic Ridge(MAR)type canbeseen on topographic profiles (Fig. 10(b〉).

Between the two spreading axes,ananomalously deep graben occurs(Figs.9(a)

and10(b)).The depth reaches5300m at max-

imum.This situation,that is,two spreading

axes and an intervening graben,is similar to

the Overlapping Spreading Centers (OSCs)

which has been observed commonly on theEast Pacific Rise(EPR)as a form of non-

transform offsets of mid-oceanic ridges(Macdonald and Fox,1983;Lonsdale,1983).

The graben at21。N would correspond to the

Overlap Basin,which is a basic constituent of

OSCs(Macdonald6齢1.,1988).The depth of

the spreading centers in the Mariana Trough

increases toward the OSCs at21。N(Fig.12).

This feature issimilar to the OSCs on the EPR,

and explained by that the amomt of magma

supply is small at OSCs(Macdonaldαα1.,

1988)。

We estimate from seismic reflection profiles

that the spreading at、the westem axis would

have been subsiding now,and in the east of it,

a new spreading system is instead under

developing with destroying older oceanic

cmsts.AseismicreflectionprofileshowninFig.13shows that the westem spreading axis

accompanies a typical rift valley.The east-

em axis is,on the other hand,more compli-

cated in geological stmcture.Many faulted

blocks exist there,but no clear rift valley.

  The OSCs fomd at21。N in the Mariana

Trough is anomalous in the following points

compared with already documented OSCs.

First,the size is large. The OSCs at21。N

offset about30km and overlap each other by

abo興t50km.It is known,however,the lat-

eral offsets of the OSCs on the EPR are less

than15km(Macdonald and Fox,1983,Mac-donald 6!召1.,1988).Second,OSCs were

commonly observed on fast-spreading ridges

such as the EPR,but never on slow-spreading

ridges like the MAR(Macdonald and Fox,

1983).The spreading rate of the Mariana

Trough is nearly as small as that of the MAR.

A spreading center-transform fault pattemprevails in the case that an offset of ridges is

large or a spreading rate is smal1.This is

because spreading axes are in contact with

一678一

欝婁

嚢’

/i

 離嚢蒙馨

萎蒙

馨 

嚢馨.三

嚢嚢事

li

//、1

 i

/嚢甕、自

 ヤ

蒙.

態欝

毒襲

鑑羅 

Page 25: M蹴餓訟A罵蹴盛M鑓訟餓丁騰聰9恥 Toshitsugu … · N(Craig6緬1.,19871MooreandStakes,1990). Based on the results of DSDP (Deep Sea Drilling Project)drillings,Hussong

物9耀づoαηo窺α1づ召soμh6伽一伽吻瓢・470s‘T.}物郷α~襯6砲1。ノ

ど一35静-4

0          50km一一___一一一一一     2ゴN 220

Fig.12Axial depth profile along spreading centers in the northem Mariana Trough.

823の∈ 3

5詰4

>邸 5}1◎

シ 6一

1 OverlaP等

二,馨既

F㌃撮

礼“仁

聖■『i

’噂鰭

 、

巳r

一陀

護’一豫

  芒毒  葦

轟1

綴機轟虐燕、,彰

・毒,,1

2藤、

珪8

『「暇げ阿「『「『配「四「「

  1『

 恐》卜

  占←

  『臼  }

響卿

3魯ト

饗、謬

ヂ仁濫■,

1

競 聯細

ミ  .

轟」        陣

  ,、 …懸灘

・耀

OverlapPing Spreading Centers

       轡

Fig.13 Single-channel seismic profile across the overlapping spreading centers in the Mariana Trough.

Positions of the spreading centers indicated by arrows were estimated from magnetic lineations.

Location of this profile is shown in Fig.10。

cooler and thicker crusts than in the case of a

small offset or a fast spreading rate,and thus

the cmsts would not be weak enough to allow

non-rigid deformation like the OSCs。It is

hence suggested that the cmst ofthe Mariana

Trough spreading center may be weaker(thinner and/or hotter)than those of major-

ocean spreading centers. The third point is

that the magnetic anomalies of the Mariana

Trough at21。N are smaller than those of

neighboring areas while the OSCs in the EPR

have stronger magnetic anomalies(Lonsdale,

19831Sempereαα1.,1984).It is considered

that high magnetization intensity which is

carried by highly fractionated basalts enriched

in iron is responsible for the strong magnetic

anomalies of the OSCs on the EPR(Sempere

6砲1.,198411988).The weak anomalies at21。

N in the Mariana Trough suggests that the

iron enrichment may not have occurred there.

  4.5.3惚7加α.1~惣6魏4脆s渉〃47加αノ~惣6

  Next we discuss the magnetic anomalies

accompanied by a row of Quatemary arc

volcanoes on the Mariana Ridge.Some of

them have simple dipole-type anomalies,but

othershave complicated anomaly distributions

which do not correspond well to the topogra-

phy of the seamounts(Fig.9(b))。The former

examples are the Fukujin Seamount and the

Minami-Kasuga Seamount,and the latter the

Nikko Seamomt and the Minami-HiyoshiSeamomt。This difference would reflect dif-

ference in the ages of these seamomts.The

latter would have had longer volcanic activity

than the former,resulting in highly in-

homogeneous magnetization。Magnetizationof normal and reversed polarities may be

mixed.Topography of these seamomt sup-ports this inferencelthe former has a simple

conical shape,but the latter shows complex

topography having two or more peaks.On

the Fukujin Seamount,the spread of theanomalies is narrow compared with the size of

the seamomt body.It is thus suggested that

the seamomt would be covered with thick

volcaniclastic debris,and highly magnetized

part is relatively sma11in volume.

一679一

Page 26: M蹴餓訟A罵蹴盛M鑓訟餓丁騰聰9恥 Toshitsugu … · N(Craig6緬1.,19871MooreandStakes,1990). Based on the results of DSDP (Deep Sea Drilling Project)drillings,Hussong

Bz61」6あ多z oゾ孟h6 G60Jo9ガαzl Sz67z尼y6ゾノ4ゆごz%,Vわ1.42,.〈々).12

  The West Mariana Ridge,the remnant arc,

does not have strong magnetic anomalies in

general(Fig.9(a)).The Takasu Seamount,in

particular,accompanies little anomaliesalthough it has a flat top of very shallow

depth,about50m.This suggests that theTakasu Seamount would not be a volcano.

An mnamed small peak at about21。20’N

showed the anomaly pattem which indicates

reversed magnetization.

 4。6 S騨e翻直盟g ax量s漉18。N亘聡tぬe M鍛董&舩

Tr側9璽

  The Mariana T罫ough is widest at about18。

N,and the occurrence of active spreading

ridges is well documented (e.g.Fryer and

Hussong,1981〉. Thus the existence of the

magnetic anomalies of seafloor-spreading

originisexpected.Whilemagneticlineations

are vague on an anomaly contour map(Fig.14

(b))due to the low amplitude of the anomalies

(200nT or less),anomaly profiles along main

survey lines can be correlated each other(Fig.

15).Spreading rate estimated from compar、

ingthe profileswiththe model in Fig.11varies

somewhat from place to place,but it is an

order of2cm/year.This agrees with the

previous estimationsby Bibee6厩1.(1980)and

Hussong and Uyeda (1982).Discontinuities

in magnetic lineations can be recognized at17。

40’N,18。N and 18。20’N (Fig.15). They

roughly coincide with topographic and struc-

tural discontinuities,that is,the Pagan frac-

ture zone between17。30’and17。40’N,the17.9。

N offset and the18.5。N offset of Volpe6!σ1.

(1990),respectively.The trend of the mag-

netic lineation between18。and18。20’N is close

to north-south(Fig.15)although the strike of

眉8030’閥

180009

  調7030’      唱44000,                  喰44030,                  眉45000,匿

Fig.14(a)Bathymetric contour map aromd a spreading axis(shaded)at18。N in the Mariana Trough.

     Contours are at200m intervals.(b)Magnetic anomalies in the same area.Contours are at lOO nT

     intervals.Positive anomalies are shaded.(c)Survey lines of the magnetic anomalies.

《繍》

噂魁

o℃嬬

 嘉

 璽 鱗 ド 簸

飯0

0 賎、 、

σ Q

  q

勲 簗徽舞灘.

羅騨

越爲b 掘

望0

匝島 ◎

qq

o

d馨醗講

~廼黙

Qり

’塾

 も

d

、o“

撚 ¥、

q

φ㎎

   o の  り     .

o

鷺  」  x

職、 陰

ノ?

ん聯

一680一

Page 27: M蹴餓訟A罵蹴盛M鑓訟餓丁騰聰9恥 Toshitsugu … · N(Craig6緬1.,19871MooreandStakes,1990). Based on the results of DSDP (Deep Sea Drilling Project)drillings,Hussong

撰 羅傘

ル五zg%6ガo ごzno㎜lJ6s oゾ’孟h6乃%一ノ協z7麦znごz/170s ピT. Kz〃安z2召hづ 6!召よノ

1830

1800

1730  144

  00

賊㈲ ら 0

茜 (

 o

 ,「Q

11計 1壽

1830

1800

1730  144

  00

(c》

鮮_

襲r暦  一  一ヤ1

輝.

1器 1壽

Fig.14 continued

Fig。15

ユ8  30

ユ8  00

 i7  30

    i44                  i44                  ユ45                  ユ45     00                           30                          00                           30

Magnetic anomaly profiles along main survey lines around a spreading axis at l8。N in the Mariana

Trough.Solids are positive anomalies and opens are negative.

締.芒1「

簸灘「

1200nT

the rift valley is NNW(Fig.14(a)).This

suggests that a small change in spreading

direction and accompanying reorganization of

normal faults would have occurred recently,

say an order of100k,y.before.

5.  Co館c且腿s亘o醜s

We conducted magnetic survey on the Izu一

Ogasawara Arc and the northem MarianaTrough along dense ship tracks. Geological

interpretation of the resulting magnetic

anomaly distribution are summarized as fol-

10ws.

 (1) Volcanoes on the Shichito Ridge,the

volcanic front of the IzurOgasawara Arc,have

usually strong magnetization probably owned

by basaltic rocks.Some volcanoes(e.g.the

一681一

Page 28: M蹴餓訟A罵蹴盛M鑓訟餓丁騰聰9恥 Toshitsugu … · N(Craig6緬1.,19871MooreandStakes,1990). Based on the results of DSDP (Deep Sea Drilling Project)drillings,Hussong

βz61」6ガ%6ゾ孟h6 G60Jo4αzl Sz67∂61y6ゾノ4望)ごz%,Vわ」。42.〈わ.ヱ2

Nishinoshima Volcano)has rather simpledipole-type anomalies,but others have very

complicated anomaly distribution (e.g。the

Iwolima Volcano),which may reflect the dif-

ference in the length of the volcanic activity.

 (2) On the northern part of the Shichito

Ridge,some volcanoes accompanies onlyweak magnetic anomalies(e.g.the Myojin

Knol1),which suggeststheir compositionbeing

acidic rocks such as dacite. This reflects the

bimodal volcanism in this region.

 (3) Back-arc rifts in the northem Izu-

Ogasawara Arc show no remarkable magnetic

anomaliesexcept for cross-chain seamounts in

the Sumisu Rift.Seafloor spreading has not

started yet.

 (4)The Shichiyo Seamomt Chain andneighboring seamounts in the middle Izu-

Ogasawara Arc can be divided into three

groups based on their magnetic anomalies.

The first group is Quaternary volcanoes,

which have strong dipole-type anomalies of

the normal polarity.The second is faulted

blocks of old island-arc crusts,accompanying

little anomalies.The third is old volcanoes of

possibly Oligocene age,which have themagnetization of eastward declination andshallow inclination.

 (5〉Fore-arc basement highs of Paleogene

or Miocene age(the Shinkurose Ridge)are

characterized by broad positive magnetic

anomalies.Similar anomalies are observed

on the Tenpo Seamount,an old basement high

lying in the back-arc region west of the

Sofugan Tectonic Line.

 (6〉 In the back-arc region north of 30。N,

topographic highs striking obliquely to the arc

(the Nishi-Shichito Ridge) have relatively

simple magnetic anomalies of normal polarity.

Topographically smooth area around28。N has

relatively large anomalies caused by deeper

source.In the back-arc between24。to27。N,

alternating belts of positive and negative

anomalies run in NNE-SSW direction.Thismay renect a relief ofthe basement,or suggest

the possible existence of oceanic crust under-

neath thick sedimentary cover兜

 (7)Four peaks on the Ogasawara Plateau

and three other seamomts in the east of it can

be divided into two groups from magnetic

anomalies.The first group having dominant-

1y negative anomalies was magnetized in an

equatorial region probably in the Cretaceous.

The second group shows the magnetizationclose to the present geomagnetic field direc-

tion, suggesting  induced  and/or viscous

magnetization or remagnetization by re-

juvenated volcanism.

 (8)We show for the first time that mag-

netic anomaly profiles inthe Mariana Trough

southof22。Ncanbecorrelatedclearly.Aforward modeling indicates that the seafloor

spreading aromd21。307N started at3Ma or a

little earlier at a half spreading rate of2.5cm/

year.The rate has decreased to about l cm/

year.

 (9〉Spreading axes overlap about50km in

theMarianaTroughbetween20。30’and21。N.Previously the existence of OSCs was not

known on slowly spreading ridges.Further-

more,the offset of the two axes,about30km,

is much larger than that of the already

documented OSCs on the East Pacific Rise.

The cmst at theOSCs inthe Mariana Troughmay be hotter and/or thinner than that of the

majorocean. (10)Some seamounts on the northem Mar-

iana Ridge have simple dipole-type anomalies

(e.g.the Fukujin Seamount),but others show

complicated anomaly pattems which poorlycorrespond to their topography (e.9.the Nik-

ko Seamomt).This would reflect difference

in the length of the・volcanic activity.The

northem part of theWest Mariana Ridge,the

remnant arc,accompanieS no strong anom-alies in genera1(e.g.the Takasu Seamount).

 (11) The spreading rat6at頓e ridges at18。N

in the Mariana Trough is about2.cm/year at

present.A small change in spreading direc-

tion from E-W to ENE-WSW would haveoccurred recently.

Acknow且e岨gements:We wish to thank M.

Yuasa and A.Nishimura for valuable discus一

一682一

きド

/灘該

熱蒙

嚢嚢l

l i

//

1.

Page 29: M蹴餓訟A罵蹴盛M鑓訟餓丁騰聰9恥 Toshitsugu … · N(Craig6緬1.,19871MooreandStakes,1990). Based on the results of DSDP (Deep Sea Drilling Project)drillings,Hussong

ル勉g麗批伽o〃昭IJ6s6ゾ孟h6乃%一〃47毎%。4κsピT.y4吻召紹hガαα1.ノ

sion throughout this work.We also thank E.

Saito and K.Watanabe for providing topo-

graphic maps used in this report,E,Kikawa,

Y.Okamura and M.Satoh for helping the

measurement,and Y.Okubo for helpful com-

ments on the manuscript.The magnetic sur-

vey was performed with cooperation of all on

-board scientists,officers and crew of the Izu

-Ogasawara-Mariana cmises of the R/V Ha-

kurei-maru(chief scientists,M。Yuasa,A.

Usui and M.Nohara).

              References

Abe,S.,Tokuyama,H。,Kuramoto,S.,Suyehiro,

       K.,Nishizawa,A.and Kinoshita,H。

       (1989) Report on DELP1987cruises in

       the Ogasawara area Part II:seismic

       reflection studies in the Ogasawara       Trough. B麗ll。Eαπ勿.ノ~6s.ノi㌶s渉.,vol.64,

       p.133-147.

Anderson,R.N.(1975)HeatflowintheMariana       Trough.∫.080ρh夕s.1~6s.,vol.80,p.4043-

       4048.

Bibee,L.D.,Shor Jr.,G.G.and Lu,R.S.(1980)

       Inter-arc spreading in the Mariana

      Trough.ル勉7.G601.,voL35,p.183-197.

Clague,D.A.and Jarrard,R.D.(1973) Tertiary

       Paciflc plate motion deduced from the

       Hawaiian -Emperor chain.G601.So6.       ノ1錫z6飢Bz611.,vo1.84,p.1135-1154.

Craig,H.,Horibe,Y.,Farley,K。A.,Welhan,J.A.,

      Kim,K.一R.and Hey,R.N. (1987)

       Hydrothermal vents in the Mariana       Trough:results of the first A玉vin dives.

       EOS T名ヒz%s.,vo1.68,P.1531。

Fryer,P.and Hussong,D.M.(1982)Seafloor      spreading in the Mariana Trough:results

       of Leg60drilling site selection surveys.五%

       Hussong,D.M.,Uyeda,S.6渉召」.,動露.

       1~6郷..OSZ)P,vo1.60,Washington (U.S.

       Govt.Printing Office),p.71-74.

       ,Taylor,B.,Langmuir,C.H.and Hoch-

       staedter,A.G. (1990) Petrology and

      geochemistry of lavas from the Sumisu

       and Torishima backarc rifts。勘πh       P旋z7z6ムS6♂.五6あ.,vo1.100,p.161-178.

Harland,W.B.,Cox,A.V。,Llewellyn,P.G.,Pick-

      ton,C.A。G.,Smith,A。G.and Walters,R.

       (1982) 、4G60Jogづ6孟珈6so漉,Cambridge

       Univ。Press,131p.

Haston,R.and Fuller,M.(1991)Paleomagnetic

       data from the Philippine Sea Plate and

       their tectonic significance. ノ1. 060カh夕s.

       ノ~6s.,vol.96,p.6073-6098.

       ,      and Schmidtke,E.(1988)

       Paleomagnetic results from Palau,West

       Carolinelslands:Aconstrainton       Philippine Sea plate motion.060Jo劇,

      vo1.16,p.654-657.

Hey,R(1977) A new class of “pseudofaults”

       and their bearing on plate tectonics: a

      propagating rift modeL E召7孟h j%彫孟.

       S6づ、L6泥.,vo1.37,P.321-325.

Honza,E.and Tamaki,K.(1985) The Bonin Arc.

       InTh60磁nδ嬉%s伽4彫召顧ns,∂ol.Z4,

       edited by A.E.M。Naim6渉σ1.,Plenum

       Press,New York,p.459-502.

       ,   ,Yuasa,M.,Tanahashi,M.and

       Nishimura,A.(1982) Geological map of

       the northem Ogasawara Arc.Marine       Geology Map ser.17,Geological Survey of

       Japan.

Hussong,D.M.and Fryer,P.(1983) Back-arc       seamounts and the SeaMARC II seafloor

       mapping system.EOS Tz朋s.,vo1.64,p.

       627-632.

       and Uyeda,S.(1982) Tectonic proces-

       ses and the history of the Mariana Arc:a

       synthesis of the results of deep-sea dri1-

       ling project Leg60.1%Hussong,D.M.,

       Uyeda,S.6孟召1.,動髭.R勿お.五)SZ)P,voL60,

       Washington(U.S.Govt.Printing Office),

       P.909-929.

IAGA Division I Working Group1(1985)Inter-       national Geomagnetic Reference Field       revision1985. ∫.G60万zごzg.G606166云67.,vol.

       37,p.1157-1163.

Ikari,K and Nishimura,A.(1991) Geologic his-

       tory of the Tenpo Seamomt of the Nishi-

       Shichito Ridge,the Izu-Bonin Arc. β%ll.

       G601. S%7∂.ノ41)ご〃z,vol.42,P.19-41 (in

      Japanese with English abstract).

Ikeda,Y。and Yuasa,M.(1989)Volcanism in      nascent back-arc basins behind the Shi-

      chito Ridge and adjacent areas in the Izu-

      Ogasawara arc,northwest Pacific:evi-

      dence for mixing between E-type MORM

       and island arc magmas at the initiation of

      back-arc rifting. Con渉フ4δ.ノ砿7%6名召1.P召か

       701.,vol.101,P.377-393.

Isezaki,N。,Inokuchi,H.,Ishikawa,H.,Ichikawa,

      H., Takahashi, K., Inoue, Y. and

      Sugimoto,K.(1989) Report on DELP

       1987cruises in the Ogasawara area Part

一683一

Page 30: M蹴餓訟A罵蹴盛M鑓訟餓丁騰聰9恥 Toshitsugu … · N(Craig6緬1.,19871MooreandStakes,1990). Based on the results of DSDP (Deep Sea Drilling Project)drillings,Hussong

Bz61」6渉勿z6ゾ孟h6 060108」αzl Sz67∂6ッ6ゾノ功)α%,Vbl.42,No.12

       V.Measurement of three components

       and total intensity of the geomagnetic

       field in the Ogasawara Trough. B%ll.

       Eごzπh(1.ノ~6s.乃zs渉,,vol.64,P.179-222,

Ishihara,T.,Okamura,Y.and Nakamura,K.       (1981) Geomagnetic anomalies north-

      east of Hachijojima Island.G601.Sκ7∂,

      ノ纏)ごz7z C鰯乞s6ノ~67)渉.,no.16,P.25-26.

Karig,D.E。 (1971) Structural history of the

       Mariana Island Arc system.(}601。So6.

       ノ1ηz6名Bz611.,vol.82,P.323-344.

       and Moore,G.F.(1975)Tectonic com-

      plexities in the Bonin Arc system.      7166ホo多zo1)h』ソsづos,vol.27,P.97-118.

      ,Anderson,R.N.and Bibee,L.D.(1978)

      Characteristics of back arc spreading in

      the Mariana Trough.∫.G60少h夕s.R6s.,

      vol.83,P.1213-1226.

Kodama,K.,Keating,B.H.and Helsley,C.E.       (1983) Paleomagnetism of the Bonin

      Islands and  its tectonic  significance.

      7セo孟oη01》h夕sづos,vo1.95,P.25-42.

Konishi, K. (1985) Cretaceous reefal fossils

      dredged from seamounts of the Ogas-

      awara Plateau.In P名召12彫初αη7のoπ6ゾ

      孟h6 研zたz6ho ノ吻7% on掘s6 畑4-1,edited

      by K.Kobayashi,Ocean Research Insti-

      tute,University of Tokyo,p.169-180.

Kuno,H.(1962) Catalogue of the active vo1-

      canoes of the world including solfatara

      field,part XI(Japan,Taiwan and Mar-

      ianas). Intemational Association of

      Volcanology,Roma,332p.

Leg126Scientific Drilling Pa枕y(1989) ODP Leg

      126drills the Izu-Bonin arc. G60あ解6s,

      vo1.34,P.36-38,

Lonsdale,P.(1983) Overlapping rift zones at the

      5.5。SoffsetoftheEastPacificRise.ノ1.      G60φh夕s.ノ~6s.,vo1.88,P.9393-9406.

Louden,K.E.(1977) Paleomagnetism of DSDP

      sediments,phase shifting of magnetic

      anomalies,and rotation of the West      Philippine Basin. 1.G60ρh夕s.R6s.,vol.

      82,p.2989-3002。

Macdonald,K.C.(1986)The crest of the Mid-

      Atlantic Ridge:Models for crustal gener-

      ation processes and tectonics. In-Th6

      960Jo8:ソ (ゾ〈b7孟h/1ηz67彦αz, V「ol.ノ砿 edited

      by Vogt,P.R.and Tucholke,B.E.,Geo-

      logical Society of America,p,51-68.

        and  Fox, P.J. (1983) OverlapPing

      spreading centres:new accretion geome-

      try on the East Pacific Rise.皿z渉z6名召,vo1.

      302,P.55-58.

      ,Fox,P.J.,Perram,L.」.,Eisen,M.F.,

      Haymon,R.M.,Miller,S.P.,Carbotte,S.

      M.,Cormier,M.一H.and Shor,A.N.(1988)

      A new view of the mid-ocean ridge from

      behaviour of ridge-axis discontinuities.

      皿z云%名6,vo1.335,P.217-225.

McCabe,R.and Uyeda,S.(1983)Hypothetical

      modelforthebendingoftheMarianaArc.

      InThの鰯o競研4960Jo9比6∂o嬬加げ      Soz諾h6硲!∠しsづ(z多z s6召sζz%4寛んz%4s.●Rz7云2,

      edited by Hayes, D.E., Geophysical

       Monograph27,American Geophysical       Union,p.281-293.

Miyazaki,T.,Murakami,F.,Nishimura,K.and      Ishihara,T.(1981) Geomagnetic survey.

       0601.Sz67∂.ノ41)召7z Cn薇s6ノ~4瑳.,no.14,P.79

      -82.

Moore,W.S.andStakes,D.(1990〉Agesofbarite

      -sulfide chimney from the Mariana      Trough.Eσπh P伽%6云.S6づ.L6甜.,vo1.100,

      p.265-274,

Mrozowski,C.L.and Hayes,D.E.(1979) The      evolution of the Parece Vela Basin,east-

      ern PhilipPine Sea. Eσπh P彪%6云. S6づ.

      .乙6材.,vol.46,P.49-67.

Murakami,F.,Yamazaki,T.,Saito,E.and Yuasa,

      M。(1989)Rifting and spreading proces-

      ses at the northem Mariana Trough.      EOS T名とz%s.,vol.70,p.1313.

Nagaoka,S.(1990) Volcanic geology of the      Mokuyo and Doyo Seamounts in the Shi-

      chiyo Seamount Chain,Izu-Ogasawara      Arc.且6s渉瓶o孟s(ゾヵの6鴬,孟h67孟h sッ彫ρo-

      sJz6%z o% 名召sαzz6h6s z偲ぢ%8 孟h6 sz6δ盟z6欝狛16

      Sh初た厩2000,p.74-77(in Japanese).

      ,Okino, K. and Kato,S. (1991) Land-

      forms of submarine volcanoes in central

      part of the Izu-Ogasawara Arc by multi-

      beam sounding system.ノ~砂オ.鈎み09名8-

      1)hあ ノ~6s.,vo1。27,p.145-172 (in Japanese

      with English abstract).

Nemoto,K.,Shiba,M.,Ogawa,H.,Ito,H.,Izu,S.,

      Sato,T.and Shibasaki,T.(1986) Sub-

      marine topography and geology of the

      Ogasawara Sea-plateau.In z4 s甥ψo-      s勿∫盟z o多z” ∠)61)名召ssづoアzα%4z4)1猛” ,edited

      by Fijita,Y.6∫ごzl.,Preparation office for

       “Research center of geoscience,” P.131-

      151(in Japanese with English abstract),

Nishimura,A.,Rodolfo,K.,Koizumi,A.,Gill,J.

      and Fujioka,K,(1991) Episodic deposi-

      tion of Pliocene-Pleistocene pumice

.,1

一684一

Page 31: M蹴餓訟A罵蹴盛M鑓訟餓丁騰聰9恥 Toshitsugu … · N(Craig6緬1.,19871MooreandStakes,1990). Based on the results of DSDP (Deep Sea Drilling Project)drillings,Hussong

ル五zgn6云」6 召7zo澱zlづ6s α〆 孟h6 12z6一ノ倣z7乞ごz%6z/176s ピT. Hz%祝z2ζzたづ 6!ごzl.ノ

      deposits of Izu-Bonin Arc,Leg.126。       0∫)P S6づ(ηz渉弱’o石~6sz61孟s,vol.126,in press.

Okamura,Y.,Murakami,F.,Nishimura,A.and       Hiscott,R.(1991) Late Quaternary sed-

       imentation and faulting in the Sumisu       Rift。 ノ:.(3609名とz1)hグ,vo1.100,P.464-474,(in

       Japanese with English abstract).

Oshima,S.,Kaneko,T.,Onodera,K.,Nakagawa,       H.,Tozaki,T。,Mishina,M.and Ossaka,J.

       (1982) Results of geomagnetic survey

       and magnetic properties of dredged rocks

       at sea aromd Iwo-zima.ノ~の孟.功み〇一

      9名とz1)hあ  ノ~6s., vol. 17, P. 289-315  (in

      Japanese with English abstract).

      ン              り              ヲ              ヲ              ン

                and        (1985)

      Geomagnetic anomaly distribution of Iwo

       -zima。∫.G608’観ゆhy,voL94,p.100-113

       (in Japanese with English abstract),

Sempere,」.一C.,Macdonald,K.C.and Miller,S,P.

       (1984) Overlapping spreading centers:3-

      D inversion of the magnetic field at9。03’N

       on the East Pacific Rise. G60ρh:ys.∫.R.

       薦渉名Soo.,vol.79,P。799-811.

       ,Meshkov,A.,Thommeret,M.and Mac-

       donald,K.(1988)Magnetic properties of

       some young basalts from the East Pacific

       Rise. ノ協z7.G601)h』ソs.ノ~6s.,vo1.9,P,131-

       146.

Seno,T.and Maruyama,S.(1984) Paleogeogra-

       phic reconstruction and origin of the

       PhilipPine Sea. T66云o%oρhysガ6s,vo1.102,

       p.53-84.

Shiba,M。(1979)Geological history of the Yabe

       guyot to the east of the Ogasawara

       Islands.1.G601.So6.ノ41)ごzn,vo1.85,P。209-

       220(in Japanese with English abstract).

Smoot,N.C.(1983) Ogasawara Plateau:multi-

       beam sonar bathymetry and possible

       tectonic implications,1.G60Jo劇,voL91,

       p.591-598.

Taylor,B.,Brown,G.,Fryer,P。,Gi11,」.B.,Hoch-

       staedter,A.G.,Hotta,H.,Langmuir,C.H.,

       Leinen,M.,Nishimura,A.and Urabe,T.

       (1990) ALVIN-SeaBeam studies of the

       Sumisu Rift,Izu-Bonin arc。Eα7渉h       P々z多z(3∫.S6づ.L6だ.,vol.100,P.127-147.

Tsunakawa,H.(1983) K-Ar dating on volcanic

       rocks in the Bonin Islands and its tectonic

       implication。T60渉onoρh卿os,voL95,p.221

       -232.

Tsuya,H.(1937) On the volcanism of the Huzi

       volcanic zone,with special reference to

       the geology and petrology of Idu and the

       southern Is1’and. Bz61乙 Eαπh(1.ノ~6s.乃zsよ

       To勿o∫物).U勉∂.,vo1.15,p.215-357.

Urabe,T.and Kusakabe,M.(1990)Barite silica       chimneys from the Sumisu Rift,Izu-Bonin

       Arcl possible analog to hematitic chert

       associated with Kuroko deposits.Eα7孟h

       P彪%α.S6乞.,乙α渉.,vo1.100,P.283-290.

Vacquier, V. and Uyeda, S. (1967)       Palaeomagnetism of nine seamomts in

       the westem Pacific and of three volcanoes

       in Japan。 Bz611.Eごzπhg.ノ~(3s,Z箆s渉.,vo1,45,

      p.815-848.

Volpe,A.M。,Macdouga11,J.D.,Lungmuir,G。W.,

       Hawkins,J.W.and Lonsdale,P,(1990)

       Fine-scale isotopic variation in Mariana

       Trough basalts: evidence for heter・

       ogeneity and a recycled component in

      backarc basin mantle.勘7云h PJ碗6云.S6づ.

      L6泥.,vo1.100,p.251-264.

Yamazaki,T.,Murakami,F.,Yuasa,M.and       Iizasa,K. (1991) Volcanism and

      hydrothermal activity in the Aogashima

       Rift, northem Izu-Ogasawara Arc.

      JAMSTECTR Deep Sea Research(Pro-      ceeding ofthe7th symposium on deep-sea

      research using the submersible”SHIN-

       KAI2000”system),vo1.7,p.105-114(in

      Japanese with English abstract),

       ,    ,     and Nishimura,A.

       (1988a) Geological stmcture,heat flow

       and magnetic anomalies around the

      Sofugan Tectonic Line,Izu-Ogasawara

      Arc-Is the Ogasawara Trough Paleo-      rift ?  ∠4わs伽とzo云s(ゾ孟h61)ζψ6zs(ゾ孟h61988

       s1)万%80%z66あ%86ゾ診h6S6ゑsηzolo9づαzl So6ガ(3砂

       ρブノ4μz%,p.146 (in Japanese).

       ,   ,Saito,E.and Yuasa,M.(1988

      b)Opening of the northem Mariana       Trough. In T66ホonづos (ゾ Eαs渉6規 ∠4s毎

       礁4恥s渉67n勘6舜OoCo励n6吻1物顧%       (Abstracts of the papers of the l988DELP

      Tokyo Intemational Symposium),p.25-      26.

Yuasa,M.(1985)Sofugan Tectonic Line,a new

      tectonic boundary separating northern

       and southem parts of the Ogasawara       (Bonin) Arc, Northwest Pacific. In

       Fo7彫ごzガo%(ゾ’ごzoガ∂6006αアz窺ごz堰卸zs,edited

      by N。Nasuασ」.,TERRAPUB,Tokyo,p.       483-496.

       (1991a) The reason for the differences

       in geologic phenomena between northem

一685一

Page 32: M蹴餓訟A罵蹴盛M鑓訟餓丁騰聰9恥 Toshitsugu … · N(Craig6緬1.,19871MooreandStakes,1990). Based on the results of DSDP (Deep Sea Drilling Project)drillings,Hussong

Bz6〃6ガ%(ゾオh6G60Jo9づαzl Sz6フ・zノβy6ゾノ4ρ召勉,Vマ)乙422Vo.12

   and southem parts of the Izu-Ogasawara   Arc.∫G60g名砂h夕,vol.100,p。458-463.(in

   Japanese with English abstract).

Yuasa,M.(in prep.)Origin of the along arc

   variations of geologic phenomena on the

   volcanic front,Izu-Ogasawara Arc.   B%1よG60乙S%7∂.血釦%.

    (1991b) Submarine caldera in the   northern part of the Shichito Ridge:

   Observation of the Myojin Knoll Using

Shinkai2000. ノ1δsケとz6孟s(ゾ孟h6ヵ6z1)6鴬 (ゾ

云h6 8孟h Sh初hごzづ s:y刀勿osづz6窺,p.69-70 (in

Japanese).

,Uchiumi,S.,Nishimura,A.and Shibata,

K. (1988) K-Ar age of a forearcseamount adjacent to the volcan圭c front of

the Izu-Ogasawara Arc.B%1乙7016催o乙So(乙 ノ41)召銘, vo1. 33, p. 352-353  (in

Japanese).

伊豆・小笠原弧,マリアナ弧及びマリアナトラフの磁気異常

山崎俊嗣・石原丈実・村上文敏

要  旨

伊豆・小笠原弧,マリアナ弧,マリアナトラフ及び小笠原海台とその付近の海山について,磁気異常

の測定を行った.測線間隔は一般に2-4マイルと密である.

七島海嶺及びマリアナ海嶺(伊豆・小笠原弧,マリアナ弧の火山フロント)上の海底火山の大部分は強

い磁気異常を示す.このうちいくつかの火山は比較的単純なダイポール型の異常を示すが(例えば,西之

島火山や福神海山),他方では,非常に複雑な異常分布を示すもの(例,硫黄島火山)や,火山体の地形と

異常との対応の悪いもの(例,日光海山,鳥島火山)が見られる.このような磁気的な均質性の差は,火

山活動の長さの差を反映していると推定される.さらに,七島海嶺北部の火山に見られる不均質な磁化

は,バイモーダルな火山活動が影響していると考えられる.

磁気異常は海山の起源を推定するのに役立つ.伊豆・小笠原弧中部の嬬婦岩と西之島の間に分布する

海山(七曜海山列,大町海山,沢海山,天保海山など)は,磁気異常から次の4つのグループに分類でき

る.第一は,強いダイポール型の異常を持つ第四紀火山,第二は,ほとんど磁気異常を伴わない,断層

で切られた島弧地殼の断片,第三は,東向きの偏角と浅い伏角の帯磁を持つ,漸新世の年代と推定され

る古い火山である.第四のタイプは大町海山と天保海山で見られる,やや長波長の正異常であり,同様

の異常が,伊豆小笠原弧北部の前弧に発達する,古第三紀あるいは中新世の年代と考えられる基盤の高

まり(いわゆる新黒瀬海嶺)に対応して分布することから,これらの海山は古い基盤の高まりと推定され

る.

 マリアナトラフの北緯20度から22度にかけて,海洋底拡大に伴う明瞭な磁気縞模様が存在することを

初めて明らかにした.北緯21度30分付近では,海洋底拡大は3Maあるいはそれより少し早い時期に,片

側拡大速度約2.5cm/年で開始した.現在では拡大速度は1cm/年に減少している.北緯20度30分から21

度にかけて,拡大軸が約30kmの間隔をもって重複している.このような大規模な重複拡大軸の存在は拡

大速度の遅い海底拡大系では異例であり,ここの地殼の強度が通常の海底拡大系のそれより小さい,す

なわち厚さが薄い,または高温であることを示唆している.

 白亜紀に形成されたと考えられている小笠原海台上の4つのピーク及びその東の3つの海山依,磁気

異常より2つに区分できる.第一のグループは山体上に負の異常を伴い,白亜紀に赤道域で磁化したと

推定される.第二のグループは現在の地球磁場の方向に近い帯磁を持ち,誘導磁化あるいは粘性磁化が

卓越している,又は比較的新しい時期に再び起こった火山活動により再磁化したと推定される.

(受付:1991年6月18日;受理:1991年8月14日)

一686一