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MEGA Ships… state of the art: are (Italian) ports able to take the challenge? Paolo Costa Assoporti,Member of the Board Venice Port Authority, President 43 th FONASBA Annual Meeting Venice 12 October 2012

MEGA Ships… state of the art: are (Italian) ports able to ...two 8.000 TEU vessel plus one 4.000 TEU ship)would modify the structure of the logistic chain, both introducingsome degree

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Page 1: MEGA Ships… state of the art: are (Italian) ports able to ...two 8.000 TEU vessel plus one 4.000 TEU ship)would modify the structure of the logistic chain, both introducingsome degree

MEGA Ships… state of the art:are (Italian) ports able to take the 

challenge? Paolo Costa

Assoporti,Member of the BoardVenice Port Authority, President

43th FONASBA Annual MeetingVenice 12 October 2012

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The new geography of the world trade

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The world economic scenario

• Since mid 2008 the world economy has slowed down, and its trades have been affected. Costs have been constantly increasing and rates are at the lowest levels; 

• Trade flows have followed different patterns;

• As to adapt their business to the new economic climate, maritime carries have modified their strategies.  

Source: ITF Briefing news 2012

Page 4: MEGA Ships… state of the art: are (Italian) ports able to ...two 8.000 TEU vessel plus one 4.000 TEU ship)would modify the structure of the logistic chain, both introducingsome degree

The world economic scenario

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Larger markets call for economies of scale to exploit

• Mega ships (and new alliances) are the strategic answer of the shipping industry to this challenge

• A process reinforced by the need to react to the increasing cost of fuel  (Nowadays, bunker costs account for as much as 78% of the total daily costs of a 

vessels, compared to 28% in the 1990s) and then combined with the slow steaming choice 

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Fleet Size Evolution

• The size of container vessels has increased tremendously over the last 10‐15 years;

Source: Ocean Shipping Consultants; Drewry Shipping Consultants

• In 2013 EEE 18.000 TEUs Maersk vessel will enter operations;

• 2020...... 22.000 TEUs vessel will become reality?

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Fleet Size Evolution

The increasing of vessels size is affecting mainly the FE-EU Trade

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Mega Vessels: Impact on the Maritime Leg of the Logistic Chain

• These strategies have produced positive effects on the maritime leg of the logistic chains, reducing its costs;

• Yet, the costs of the maritime leg have a little impact on the costs of the whole logistic chain.  

3%

Other Price Components

10%20032003

10%

Ocean Freight

1970

2005

Source: Hapag Lloyd

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Mega Vessels: Impact on the Logistic Chain 

• The deployment of mega vessels makes the maritime leg less flexible, reduces the number of ports of call and impose stricter schedules .The bigger the vessel, the more restrictivethe infrastructural  and operational requirements ;

• This heavily affects the inland leg of the logistic chain, which has to be modified, replacing efficient maritime routes with more expensive and time costly inland connections.   

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Mega Vessels: Impact on the Logistic Chain 

Are the advantages for the maritime carriers  likely to  offset  the disadvantages for both ports and inland logistic systems?

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Even Bigger Vessels? What Are the Consequences.... 

• Nowadays only few ports worldwide have nautical accessibility and logistic facilities to accommodate the new EEE 18.000 TEUs vessels;

• The deployment of the 22.000 TEUs vessels would worsenthe scenario 

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Origin 20k TEUs

D1 P2

P3

D2

D3

D4 D5

D6

D7

P1

8k TEUs

8k TEUs

4k TEUs

2k TEUs

2k TEUs 4k TEUs

20k TEUs

4k TEUs

4k TEUs

2k TEUs

2k TEUs

8k TEUs4k TEUs

2k TEUs

2k TEUs

2k TEUs

2k TEUs

2k TEUs

4k TEUs

4k TEUs

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...An ineffective Logistic Chain!!

• The deployment of a U.L.C.V. carrying 20.000 TEUs (instead of two 8.000 TEU vessel plus one 4.000 TEU ship)would modify the structure of the logistic chain, both introducing some degree of rigidity by gathering all the cargo in a single vessel from the origin to port 2, or diverting the cargo from its original maritime routes to more costly and ineffective inland legs;

• In both cases the deployment of a U.L.C.V. would put smaller ports and their logistic systems out of business or in a different hub and spoke framework

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The Italian answer

• Presently only two Italian ports have already the minimum draught and the quay length required to accommodate the U.L.C.Vs.;

• All of them have to adapt equipment and facilities to handle the number of TEUsunloaded and loaded by these big vessels in each single call.

Quays lenght (mt) Max Draught (‐mt)

Trieste 600 18,0

Venezia 1.900 10,6

Ravenna 640 10,5

Ancona 265 11,0

Taranto 1.500 15,0

Gioia Tauro 3.391 18,0

Augusta 302 13,8

Salerno 890 11,8

Napoli 1.840 15,0

Civitavecchia 730 15,0

Livorno 1.430 11,8

La Spezia 1.403 14,0

Genova 1.925 15,0

Savona 700 15,0

Cagliari 1.520 16,0

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Source: Ocean Shipping Consultants; Drewry Shipping Consultants

VeneziaRavennaAnconaSalerno

TriesteLivornoNapoli

Gioia TauroGenovaLa SpeziaCagliari

Vessels Calling Italian Ports and Fleet size evolution 

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Optimizing the logistic chain efficiency

What makes the logistic chain that “maritime leg oriented”?

Ships vote with feet....ports can’t !!!

What can be done in order to optimize the whole logistic chain  efficiency?

1.More coordination among players; definition of external coststo be inserted in the maritime carriers cost functions;

2.Reorganization of ports or system of ports as to adapt their scale of activity and efficiency to a reasonable increase in ship size . 

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Optimizing the logistic chain efficiency

•Is a stabilization of freights in FE‐EU Trade needed ?

• Is an EU regulation authority for maritime and logistic market needed (like that exists in the U.S.) ? 

• On 2008 the EU directive 204/86 “Liner Conference Exemption” has been repealed. 

Is it now the time for a new regulation?  

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A greener way to the market-97 KG CO2/TEU

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Adapting to mega ships: the multiport gateway solution

In order to avoid the obsolescence of many existing ports:

• Combine few ports into a single gateway (old ports as quays of a single gateway) connected with a large scale inland transport and logistic system in order to reach the scale and the efficiency of operation required by the mega ship

• Distributing the high cargo flow pressure in several coastal points (ports)

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TEN‐TThe Ten-T(Trans European Network)

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Italian Ports in the Forthcoming Scenario•The solution for the Italian ports is to organize themselves into “multiport gateways” and take advantage of their connections with the European TEN‐T Corridors;

•5 multiport gateways can be identified: Tyrrenic, north Adriatic, Campano, Pugliese and Siciliano. 

Source: MIT, Allegato Infrastrutture 2013

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ADRIATIC MULTIPORT GATEWAY

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The contribution of Venice to the Adriatic Gateway:  An Off‐Shore/On‐Shore new  terminal

It makes the port of Venice a port to accommodate the last generation U.L.C.Vs., handling efficiently their cargo. 

22.000 TEU ? From Venice 

NOW…

… to Venice Offshore Terminal

Page 24: MEGA Ships… state of the art: are (Italian) ports able to ...two 8.000 TEU vessel plus one 4.000 TEU ship)would modify the structure of the logistic chain, both introducingsome degree

Offshore Terminal_________________________________________________

•8 NM off Venice’s coast•20 m deep natural seabed•Oil and container terminal•Up to 3 mln TEUs

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Why a terminal Off‐ShoreThe new terminal complies with 5 national strategic goals:

•It chase away oil traffics from the Venice lagoon;

•It increases the efficiency and handling capacity of the port of Venice;

•It serves as maritime gateway for cargo to be shipped along the Po inland navigation system;

•It increases, together with the ports of Ravenna and Trieste linked to the TEN‐T corridors, the efficiency of the North Adriatic Ports, contributing to reduce the so called “logistic tax” paid by the Italian manufacturing.

Page 26: MEGA Ships… state of the art: are (Italian) ports able to ...two 8.000 TEU vessel plus one 4.000 TEU ship)would modify the structure of the logistic chain, both introducingsome degree

• The System is very flexible since many onshore yards can be served by the same Venice offshore terminal:

• 4 on shore destinations are already in the project (Marghera, Chioggia, Porto Levante e Mantova),

• few more are already under consideration. 

A FLEXIBLE NAUTICAL TRANSFER SYSTEM

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Fully integrated system:ship- barge - terminal

•High Automation System, dedicated structures;•No delays in transfer, speed decided by ship to shore cranes;•Transfer from ocean ship to land terminal in 10‐14 hours;• Handling of daily peaks through flexible buffer area

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Thank you for your kind attention