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10UTC
Megacities: Bridging Reality & Aspiration6 – 8 November 2016Dhaka, Bangladesh
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Urban Thinkers Campus: 10 – Megacities: Bridging Reality & Aspiration
Disclaimer:
The designations employed and the presentation of material in this publication pages do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the secretariat
of the United Nations concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries
regarding its economic system or degree of development. Excerpts may be reproduced without authorization, on condition that the source is indicated. Views expressed in
this publication do not necessarily reflect those of the United Nations Human Settlements Programme, UN-Habitat, the United Nations and its member states.
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Urban Thinkers Campus: 10 – Megacities: Bridging Reality & Aspiration
Table of Contents:
Urban Thinkers Campus in figures ............................................................................................................................................ 4
Introduction ................................................................................................................................................................................ 5
The City We Need Principle(s) addressed ................................................................................................................................. 6
Matrix of linkages - TCWN 1.0 vs. new recommendations ...................................................................................................... 7
Key outcomes of the UTC........................................................................................................................................................... 8
Key recommendations................................................................................................................................................................ 8
Key actors................................................................................................................................................................................... 9
Outstanding issues................................................................................................................................................................... 10
Urban solutions ........................................................................................................................................................................ 10
Speakers................................................................................................................................................................................... 11
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Urban Thinkers Campus: 10 – Megacities: Bridging Reality & Aspiration
Urban Thinkers Campus in figures
3 252 88COUNTRIESREPRESENTED PARTICIPANTS ORGANIZATIONS
9 CONSTITUENTGROUPSREPRESENTED
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Urban Thinkers Campus: 10 – Megacities: Bridging Reality & Aspiration
Introduction
The Urban Thinkers Campus (UTC) titled “Megacities: Bridging Reality &
Aspiration” was held in Dhaka, Bangladesh from 6 - 8 November 2015. The
Department of Architecture and Department of Urban & Regional Planning,
BUET jointly hosted the first UTC of Bangladesh.
The growing Megacities of Asia deserve special attention. The socio-
political dynamics of the megacities and their interaction with surrounding
regions and global systems need to be addressed. Urban thinkers need
to recognize the aspiration through evaluating the reality of developing
world. Bangladesh, a rapidly urbanizing country, shows some phenomena
of uncontrolled and unplanned urban growth since last few decades.
Due to economic as well as administrative centralization the capital city,
Dhaka, is facing some serious urban problems. The major problem lies
here in sectors like housing, transportation, disasters and spatial quality.
Experts and stakeholders are engaged from different platforms which needs
coordination and control.
©UN-Habitat
The Urban Thinkers Campus was organized in Bangladesh University of
Engineering & Technology (BUET), the top ranking Technical University
of the country, with a hope to decipher and share the knowledge and
experiences with the national and international stakeholders. The outcome
of the campus will be communicated to Habitat III to include the relevant
issues in their New Urban Agenda. In response, the declaration of Habitat
III will direct the policy makers towards a sustainable future for megacities
like Dhaka.
Thus the UTC was held here with the following objectives-
§Identification of prime concerns on Housing, Mobility, Resilience,
Identity and Public Spaces of Megacity Dhaka city.
§Sharing of knowledge and ideas from similar situations on other parts
of the world.
§Formulation of a Framework for future development.
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Urban Thinkers Campus: 10 – Megacities: Bridging Reality & Aspiration
The City We Need Principle(s) addressed1. The City we need is socially inclusive
2. The city we need is well planned, walkable, and transit-friendly
3. The city we need is a regenerative city
4. The city we need is economically vibrant and inclusive
5. The city we need has a singular identity and sense of place
6. The city we need is a safe city
7. The city we need is a healthy city
8. The city we need is affordable and equitable.
9. The city we need is managed at the metropolitan level
Note: Participants of eight constituent group sessions and four urban
thinker sessions concluded their sessions with a set of recommendations.
Later in drafting sessions, recommendations from total 12 sessions are
compiled together to prepare the final 10 recommendations (Dhaka
Declaration1). All the nine principles of city we need are discussed in the
eight constituent group sessions and Urban Thinker Sessions had special
focus on housing, mobility, identity and resilience. In the following matrix,
the “City We Need Principles” are linked with these ten recommendations.
The “City We Need Principles” are not merged together because each of
these nine principles has its own definition and dimension. But in some
cases, one principle is addressed in more than one recommendation.
Again two/three principles can be linked with two/three recommendations
as a group. This matrix shows that urban issues, problems and potential
interventions are often interlinked with each other.
1 espectrolivre.org
©UN-Habitat
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Urban Thinkers Campus: 10 – Megacities: Bridging Reality & Aspiration
Matrix of linkages - TCWN 1.0 vs. new recommendationsThe Matrix explains the linkages between new recommendations and existing principles. It clearly identifies the proposals and impact on specific principles:
The City We Need Mega Cities: Bridging Reality & Aspirations
• The city we need is socially inclusive
• The city we need is economically vibrant and inclusive
Inclusiveness planning to address need of people from different economic class, occupation (formal &
informal), gender, age (children, youth & elderly), physical and mental ability
The city we need is well planned • Promote capacity building of authorities and ensure efficient governance through accountability,
transparency, and empowerment of stakeholders.
• Engage appropriate professionals and ethical practices in development agencies to ensure the
implementation of policies and plans. Address the nexus of vested interest groups which is the major
barrier towards development.
• Increase resource support for home grown research agenda and ensure integration among research,
policy making and implementation.
• The city we need has a singular identity and sense of place
• The city we need is managed at the metropolitan level
Promote intermediate town /city development with linkage to maintain identity of mega city and reduce
concentration of pulling factors in Megacity beyond its capacity
• The city we need is a safe city
• The city we need is a healthy city
• The city we need is a regenerative city
• Risk sensitive land use planning should be ensured based on contextual experience and knowledge of
local community. Socially inclusive plan to create awareness and understanding to cope with a post
disaster management plan at local level.
• Integration of land use and transportation and planning for an integrated multi-modal transport system
with special emphasis on walking, bicycling and public transport.
• Immediate action is required to stop air, water, soil pollution and ruthless destruction of natural
resources like water bodies, open spaces and heritage sites. All natural and physical urban features
which contribute to the city’s Identity should be identified and enlisted for preservation and public use.
The city we need is affordable and equitable • Ensure access to affordable housing, transport, utility services, facilities (education, health etc.) and
safe food.
• Elements of housing e.g. land, finance, supply and management must be planned at the macro level
and strategic planning must be done for implementation. Cross subsidy must be considered for housing
provision to the low income group.
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Urban Thinkers Campus: 10 – Megacities: Bridging Reality & Aspiration
Key outcomes of the UTCThe main outcome of the UTC Dhaka 2015 titled, “Megacities: Bridging
reality & Aspiration” was the Dhaka Declaration2. Highlights of Dhaka
Declaration as mentioned below summarize all sessions, lab and debate
stating future actions in dealing the challenges faced by the Megacity,
Dhaka.
1. Capacity building for efficient governance
2. Social inclusiveness in city planning
3. Decentralization with improved linkages
4. Affordable housing & services
5. Policy implementation through appropriate professional & their ethical
practices
6. Management of housing elements (at macro level)
7. Integrated multi-modal transport system
8. Preservation & public use of natural resources and heritage sites
9. Risk sensitive land use planning
10. Integration among research, policy making and implementation
Key recommendationsThe following recommendations, in no particular order reflect the
challenges identified and addressed by the UTC Dhaka 2015.
1. Capacity building for efficient governance:Promote capacity building of authorities and ensure efficient
governance through accountability, transparency, and empowerment
of stakeholders.
2. Inclusive city planning:Inclusive planning to address need of people from different economic
classes, occupations (formal and informal), gender, age (children,
youth and elderly), physical and mental ability.
3. Decentralization with improved linkages:Promote intermediate town /city development with linkage to
maintain identity of mega city and reduce concentration of pulling
factors in Megacity beyond its capacity.
4. Affordable housing & urban services:Ensure access to affordable housing, transport, utility services,
facilities (education, health etc) and safe food.
5. Policy implementation through appropriate professional & their ethical practices:Engage appropriate professionals and ethical practice in development
agencies to ensure the implementation of policies and plans. Address
the nexus of vested interest groups which is the major barrier towards
development.
6. Management of housing elements (at macro level):Elements of housing e.g. land, finance, supply and management must
be planned at the macro level and strategic planning must be done
for implementation. Cross subsidy must be considered for housing
provision to the low income group.
7. Integrated multi-modal transport system:Integration of land use and transportation and planning for an
integrated multi-modal, a just urban transport system with special
emphasis on walking, non-motorized vehicles and public transport.
Transport decisions should be knowledge based, bottom-up and be
supported by legal & financial instruments. ©UN-Habitat
2 E.g., free web platforms known in Brazil for cultural production: www.iteia.org.br
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Urban Thinkers Campus: 10 – Megacities: Bridging Reality & Aspiration
8. Preservation & public use of natural resources and heritage sites Immediate action is required to stop air, water, soil pollution and
ruthless destruction of natural resources like water bodies, open
spaces and heritage sites. All natural and physical urban features
which contribute to the city’s Identity should be identified and enlisted
for preservation and public use.
9. Risk sensitive land use planning Risk sensitive land use planning should be ensured based on
contextual experience and knowledge of local community. Socially
inclusive plan to create awareness and understanding to cope with a
post disaster management plan at local level.
10. Integration among research, policy making and implementation: Increase resource support for home grown research agenda
and ensure integration among research, policy making and
implementation.
Key actorsFrom the presentations, debates and discussions during three day campus
different actions were identifies as necessary to obtain the city as we need
it. Proposed actions as recognized in the recommendations are capacity
building for efficient governance; social inclusiveness in city planning;
decentralization with improved linkages; affordable housing & services;
policy implementation through appropriate professional & their ethical
practices; management of housing elements (at macro level; integrated
multi-modal transport system; preservation & public use of natural
resources and heritage sites; risk sensitive land use planning; integration
among research, policy making and implementation.
The key actors, which are identified to obtain the city we need, are as below:
1. Departments of Government
2. Different Agencies of Local Government
3. Development Authorities
4. Non-government Organizations
5. Civil Society Organizations
6. Trade Associations
7. Professional Institutions
8. Universities and Research Organizations
9. Media Personnel
10. Foundations & Philanthropies
©UN-Habitat
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Urban Thinkers Campus: 10 – Megacities: Bridging Reality & Aspiration
Outstanding issuesThe most important issue that appeared essential to bridge the realities
and aspirations of a megacity like Dhaka is “a sustainable and indicative
urban policy”. The policy should be responsive to the local needs, context
and capacities but compatible to global goals and agenda. While non-
local support in terms of knowledge, finance, technology transfer etc. is
vital, the agenda should be bottom up rather than being donor driven,
socially just rather than being economically feasible alone, as well as be
both environment and poverty sensitive. Therefore, a strong local political
(and governmental) commitment, global (government to government and
people to people) support, should merge with local knowledge, capacity of
implementing and operating bodies including the community based and non-
government organizations. Finally, the policy must not focus physical issues
alone but also concentrate on social aspects of urban living. This should not
imply to a specific city like Dhaka, but also need to address the livability and
economic attractiveness of other small and intermediate cities.
Urban solutionsImmediate decentralization and proper adaptation are needed to put capital
Dhaka back on track as numerous problems have made it one of the most
unlivable cities in the world. Understanding cities should go beyond city-
scale, i.e. at regional or higher level, but addressing its problems should be
done at both local and regional levels. To reduce local problems of shortage
of befitting housing, jobs and other facilities in megacities like Dhaka, and
check compromising social and local priorities in land use and transport
planning, disaster management etc., there should be a hierarchy of small
and medium towns and cities in urban-regions. At local scale, each of the
town or city authority should be empowered to identify its own identity
and development agenda – which will not be top-down or donor driven.
Authorities should be made capable with respect to human, technical and
financial and other resources to implement them. Plus at global and regional
levels, development agenda and implementation mechanism should be
coordinated and complementary to each other.
Unequal development and unjust distribution of resources due to
ineffective planning and imperfect maintenance and monitoring seem to
be a common phenomenon here in Dhaka. Therefore, rethinking the process
and governance of planning Dhaka and other cities seems essential. In
addition, potential complementary interests and conflict of interests of
multiple stakeholders should be addressed carefully while formulating
objectives and undertaking actual projects. Both the city leaders and users/
citizens need to be sensitized about the risks, problems and potentials
and whole task of development management should be implemented
through participatory governance, led by an empowered metropolitan
government and coordinated vertically and horizontally involving public and
private actors and agencies. Planning housing, mobility and land use and
management of disasters should be inclusive, just and democratic; citizens
particularly those having little or no voice, affordability and capability
should be prioritized. Achieving these purposes also requires a redefinition
of concepts of identity, housing and mobility and recognition of inevitable
risks due to different human and natural hazards, at least in the context
of Dhaka. Therefore, sustainability, history, users’ needs, perceptions and
ability, distribution of benefits and burdens etc. should be considered along
with technical factors and economic forces.
©UN-Habitat
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Urban Thinkers Campus: 10 – Megacities: Bridging Reality & Aspiration
SpeakersProfessor Nazrul Islam -Chairman, Center of Urban Studies (CUS), Dhaka
Prof. Dr. Sayed Manzoorul Islam – Professor, Dept. of English, University
of Dhaka
Prof. Dr. Roxana Hafiz -Professor, Department of Urban and Regional
Planning, BUET
Prof. Dr. Mujibor Rahman - Professor, Dept. of Civil Engineering, BUET.
Dhaka
Prof. Dr. Moazzem Hoaasain - Professor, Dept of Civil Engg., BUET
Planner Ahmed Akhtaruzzaman - Urban Development Directorate,
Dhaka
Engineer Dr. Toufiq M. Seraj - Managing Director, Sheltech (Pvt.) Ltd.
Prof. Dr. Akter Mahmud - Professor, Department of URP, Jahangirnagar
University
Ar. Taimur Islam - Urban Study Group [USG], Dhaka
Ar. Nurur Rahman Khan - TKNRK Architects Ltd
Mr. Anisur Rahman - Dhaka Transport Coordination Authority
Mr. Maruf Ahmed - WBB Trust
Ar Mustapha Kamal Zulkarnain - PAM Council member 2015-2016,
Chairman of Urban Wellbeing, Sustainable Housing and Environmental
Resilience Committee (USHER)
Ar. Towfiq Utpal - Deputy Director [R & D], Urban Development Directorate,
Dhaka
©UN-Habitat
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Urban Thinkers Campus: 10 – Megacities: Bridging Reality & Aspiration
List of all countries present
List of organizations present1. Action for Social Development (ASD)
2. Action AID BD
3. Asian Development Bank (ADB)
4. Archetype Ltd.
5. Tanya Karim N.R Khan & Associate (TKNRK)
6. Asian Paints, BD
7. Ahsanullah University of Science &Technology (AUST)
8. Bangladesh television
9. Bangladesh Poribesh Andolon (BAPA)
10. BD Passenger Welfare Association
11. BD Scouts
12. BD Urban Forum
13. Bangladesh Disaster Preparedness Center (BDPC)
14. Bangladesh Institute of Planners (BIP)
15. BRAC
16. BRAC University
17. Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology, BUET
18. Bangladesh University (BU)
19. CARE Bangladesh
20. Caritas-BD
21. Comprehensive Disaster Management Programme (CDMP)-2
22. Centre for Urban Studies (CUS)
23. Dhaka Chamber of Commerce & Industry (DCCI)
1. Bangladesh
2. India
3. Malaysia
24. Development Design Consultants Ltd. (DDC)
25. Delta Brac Housing Finance Corp. Ltd.
26. Dept. of Architecture, Government of Bangladesh.
27. Dhaka South City Corporation (DSCC), Government of Bangladesh
28. Dhaka Transport Coordination Authority (DTCA)
29. Dhaka University
30. Dhaka Metropolitan Police (DMP), Traffic west division
31. Dhaka North City Corporation (DNCC), Government of Bangladesh
32. East West University
33. Ekattor T.V.
34. Eminence
35. Engineering University School & College, BUET
36. National Garments Workers’ Federation
37. Gulshan Youth Club
38. Green Savers
39. Habitat for humanity, BD
40. Huairou Commission
41. Institute of Architect, Bangladesh (IAB)
42. ICOMOS, BD
43. Jahangir Nagar University (JU)
44. Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA)
45. KfW, the Development Bank of Germany
46. Khulna University
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Urban Thinkers Campus: 10 – Megacities: Bridging Reality & Aspiration
List of organizations present47. KS Consultants Ltd.
48. Labor at Informal Economy (LIE)
49. Local Government Engineering Development (LGED), Government of
Bangladesh
50. Medhakunja Model School
51. Narayaganj City Corporation (NCC), Government of Bangladesh
52. National Grass Root Disabilities Organization (NGDO)
53. Nirapad Development Foundation
54. North South University (NSU)
55. Urban wellbeing, Sustainable Housing and Environmental Resilience
Committee (USHER)
56. Participatory Development Action Programme (PDAP)
57. Pratyasha
58. Rajdhani Unnayan Kartripakkha (RAJUK), Government of Bangladesh
59. Readymade Garments Workers Federation (RGWF)
60. Roads & Highways Department, Government of Bangladesh
61. Save the Children Bangladesh
62. Save the Coastal People- SCOPE
63. Shahjalal University of Engineering & Technology
64. Sheltech Consultants (pvt.) Ltd.
65. South East University
66. Shahjibazar Power Co. Ltd. (SPCL)
67. Spectrum
68. Stamford University
69. The Amader Shomoy
70. The Daily Amader Orthoneeti
71. The Daily Banik Barta
72. The Daily Jugantor
73. The Daily Prothom Alo
74. The Daily Samakal
75. The Daily Star
76. The Financial Express
77. Urban Design Development (UDD), Government of Bangladesh
78. UN-Habitat
79. UNICEF
80. United People Trust
81. UN-Major group of Children & Youth
82. Urban Study Group (USG)
83. VITTI Sthapati Brindo Ltd.
84. Women Architects, Engineers and Planners Association (WAEPA)
85. Waste Concern
86. World Urban Campaign/ GAP
87. Work For Better BD (WBB) Trust
88. Zahir Uddin & Associates
United Nations Human Settlements Programme P.O. Box 30030 Nairobi 00100, Kenya
World Urban Campaign Secretariatwww.worldurbancampaign.orgEmail: [email protected] Tel.: +254 20 762 1234 www.unhabitat.org
www.buet.ac.bd