Meiosis Foldable

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MeiosisMeiosis

NotesNotes


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Foldable

• You need 6 pieces of printer paper

• Stagger the pages about 1cm (width of pinky finger

DO NOT make the tabs too large!!!!!

• Fold the stack of pages to make the foldable as

diagramed on the ne"t slide

• #n the co$er write %M&'#S'S

• #n the back put your Name and )eriod


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Foldable *ayout

• *abel the tabs of the

foldable according to

the diagram to the

right

• +se some way

(choice is yours

to show which tabsmake up Meiosis '

and which tabs

make up Meiosis ''

,ocabulary (11th tab

Meiosis

Meiosis 'ntroduction

'nterphase

)rophase '

Metaphase '

-naphase '

.elophase ' / 0ytokinesis

)rophase ''

Metaphase ''

-naphase ''

.elophase '' / 0ytokinesis

Mitosis $s Meiosis 0omparison .able

Meiosis'

Meiosis''


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Note .aking 2ey

• .e"t in black will be copied into your flipbook

• ,ocabulary words will be like this Meiosis

3ighlight them as well in your flipbook4 so that

you know to memori5e them and definition for

the test

• 'nteresting facts will ha$e slide 3eadings and

te"t in blue like this Mitosis $s Meiosis

You do not have to copy blue text into your

flipbook unless you want to


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Mitosis iagram

I→PMT→!

I→PMT→!

I→PMT→!

I→PMT→!

I→PMT→!

I→PMT→!

I→PMT→!

.here is not room for you to draw this diagram4 but know what it means


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Meiosis $s Mitosis

Mitosis creates 7

identical daughter

cells (diploid

Meiosis creates 8genetically different

gametes (haploid


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Meiosis 'ntroduction (1st tab upper half

• Process of reduction division

• Purpose" Produces #a$etes %sex cells& ' sper$( e##

• Meiosis is NOT a cycle like $itosis)


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iploid $s 3aploid• iploid 9 a cell that contains homologous chromosomes

(one from each parent

represented by the symbol 7n

9 Found in somatic or body cells (e" Skin4 digesti$e

tract• &"ample : 3umans 7n ; *+

• 3aploid 9 a cell that contains only a single set of

chromosomes (one from either parent4 not both<

represented by the symbol n

9 Found in gametes or se" cells 9 sperm / egg

• &"ample: 3umans n ; ,-


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Meiosis 'ntroduction (1st tab middle

0hromosome Numbers

• Somatic cells: (diploid ; 7n ; 86 chromosomes in humans

• =ametes: (haploid ; n ; 7> chromosomes in humans

You # N#.

ha$e to draw these

pictures on the

1st tab forMeiosis 'ntroduction

?ust write the

Somatic and

=amete info abo$e

M-2'N= #F S)&@MM-2'N= #F &==


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0hromosome Numbers of Some

0ommon #rganisms

OrganismOrganism Body Cell (2Body Cell (2nn

)) Gamete (Gamete (nn

))HumanHuman 4646 2323

Garden PeaGarden Pea 1414 77

Fruit flyFruit fly 44

!omato!omato 2424 1212

"og"og 77 3#3#

C$im%an&eeC$im%an&ee 44 2424

'eo%ard frog'eo%ard frog 2626 1313

CornCorn 22 11

%%le%%le 3434 1717

*ndian fern*ndian fern 126126 6363


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Meiosis 'ntroduction (1st tab middle

• Similar to MitosisA ')M-.0

• Meiosis in$ol$es two distinct di$isions4 called Meiosis '

and Meiosis ''

• By the end of Meiosis ''4 the 1 diploid cell that entered

meiosis has become 8 haploid cells

.he ne"t slide has a labeled picture for you to draw


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Meiosis 'ntroduction (1st tab bottom half

• raw the general cell di$ision stages and label them

• o N#. worry about drawing the chromosomes at this time

Interphase

Prophase . Metaphase . naphase . Telophase . (!ytokinesis

Meiosis .

Prophase , Metaphase , naphase , Telophase , (

!ytokinesis

Meiosis ,


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Meiosis 'Meiosis '• (You do not need to draw these4 ?ust

showing you the stages


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)rophase ')rophase '(>(>rdrd tab 9 upper half of pagetab 9 upper half of page

• 0orresponding

homologous

chromosomes fromeach parent pair up to

form homologous pairs

• Chen homologous

chromosome o$erlap its

called crossing o$er3omologous )airs(3umans ha$e 7> pairs making86 total chromosomes

0entrioles

Spindle

fibers

raw and label

this picture in your

flipbook


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)rophase ')rophase '

(>(>rdrd

tab lower half of pagetab lower half of page• 0rossing o$er happens when parts of thehomologues chromosomes switch places aftero$erlapping

raw this diagram and use 7 different colors toshow the e"changed genetic material


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3ow can siblings look alike but not

e"actly the same if they come from thesame parentsD


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'mportance of crossing o$er

• .he gene combinations

that a person gets from his

or her parents will be

different4 to $arying

degrees4 than thecombination a sibling may

get

• 0rossing o$erincreases genetic

di$ersity

-dd this statement to the )rophase 1page on the >rd tab


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More sibling similarities


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Metaphase ' (8Metaphase ' (8thth tabtab

3omologous )airs

0entrioles

Spindle

fibers

• .he centrioles send out

spindle fibers to line up

homologous pairs in the

middle of cell along the

metaphase plate

raw and label


flipbook


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-naphase ' -naphase ' (E(Ethth tab upper halftab upper half

• .he centrioles use

the spindle fibers to

separate the

homologous pairs

• &ach homologous

chromosome is pulledto the opposite pole

of the cell

3omologous

0hromosomes

0entrioles

Spindle

fibers

raw and label


flipbook


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-naphase ' -naphase ' (E (Ethth tab upper halftab upper half

• 'f the centrioles do not

properly attach the

spindle fibers to the

homologouschromosome before

they start to pull4 then

a Nondisunction will

occur

3omologous

0hromosomes

0entrioles

Spindle

fibers

raw and label


flipbook


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-naphase ' -naphase '

Nondisunction in Meiosis '

• 'n the first picture you

see how the lower red

chromosome is being

pulled to the wrong side• 'n the second picture it

caused one pole of the

cell to ha$e an e"tra

chromosome

• - nondisunction causes

the gametes to ha$e the

wrong amount of

chromosomes


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.elophase ' / 0ytokinesis.elophase ' / 0ytokinesis

(6(6thth

tabtab• .elophase ' 9 the cell

creates a temporary

nucleus around thetwo homologouschromosome sets

• 0ytokinesis 9 the celldi$ides into two cells

3omologous0hromosomes

0entrioles

Nuclear Membrane

raw and labelthis picture in your

flipbook


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)rophase '' (G)rophase '' (Gthth tabtab

• .he ne"t slide has information about starting Meiosis II

• Crite this information on the )rophase '' (Gth tab upper

half and draw a bo" around it

• You do not have to draw the picture for all of Meiosis

II because you/ll draw each sta#e individually)

• .he lower half of the Gth tab will be )rophase ''

escribe and diagram that slide


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Meiosis ''Meiosis '' (G(Gthth tab upper halftab upper half

• .he two new cells produced by meiosis ' now

enter a second meiotic di$ision

• .he cells do N#. replicate N- resulting in fourhaploid cells

• &ach cell has

half of theoriginal N-

• 7n H 7 ; no N#. draw this picture in your flipbook


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)rophase '')rophase '' (G(Gthth tab lower halftab lower half

• &ach of the Meiosis ''stages are running in7 cells at the sametime

• Similar to )rophase ofMitosis

• 0entrioles attachspindle fibers to thechromosomes

0entrioles Spindle

fibers0hromosomes

raw and label


flipbook


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Metaphase ''Metaphase '' (I(Ithth tabtab

• Similar to Metaphaseof Mitosis

• 0entrioles use spindlefibers to line up thechromosomes in themiddle at the

metaphase plate

0entrioles Spindle

fibers0hromosomes

raw and label


flipbook


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-naphase '' -naphase '' (J(Jthth tab upper halftab upper half

• .he centrioles use

the spindle fibers to

separate the

chromosomes intoindi$idual chromatids

• &ach chromatid ispulled to the opposite

pole of the cell

0hromatids

0entrioles

Spindle

fibers

raw and label


flipbook


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-naphase '' -naphase '' (J(Jthth tab upper halftab upper half

0hromatids

0entrioles

Spindle

fibers

raw and label


flipbook

• 'f the centrioles do notproperly attach thespindle fibers to thechromosome beforethey start to pull4 thena nondisunction willoccur


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-naphase '' -naphase ''

Nondisunction in Meiosis ''• 'n the third picture you

see how the lower redchromosome only hasone spindle fiberattached

• 'n the fourth picture itcaused one gamete toha$e an e"tra chromatidand the other gamete tobe missing one

• - nondisunction causesthe gametes to ha$e thewrong amount ofchromosomes


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.elophase '' / 0ytokinesis.elophase '' / 0ytokinesis

(1K(1Kthth

tabtab• .elophase '' 9 the

cells creates a

permanent nucleus

around the twohaploid chromosome

sets

• 0ytokinesis 9 the cells

di$ides into four

haploid daughter cells

0hromatids

Nuclear Membrane

raw and label


flipbook


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=amete (Se" 0ell Formation

• 'n male animals

(including humans4

the haploid gametes

produced by meiosisare called sperm

• 8 sperm cells are

produced from one

meiotic di$ision


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=amete (Se" 0ell Formation

• 'n female animals (including

humans4 the haploid

gametes produced by

meiosis are called eggs

• .he cell di$isions at the end

of meiosis ' / '' are une$en4

so that 1 large egg is

produced along with

> other cells4 called polar

bodies4 which are discarded

and not in$ol$ed in

reproduction


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Meiosis -nimation

• ,ideo from .hursday if you want to watch

again

• https:LLwwwyoutubecomLwatchD$;r)

MpK+K3#-

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rqPMp0U0HOAhttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rqPMp0U0HOAhttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rqPMp0U0HOAhttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rqPMp0U0HOA


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,ocabulary

• .he ne"t slides will go through the $ocabulary you need to

know

• You should ha$e all these words already defined in your

notebook4 but if not use this to do so and S.+Y them


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,ocabulary

0aploid 9 - cell that has half the amount of chromosomes

- cell that is %N for chromosome amount

Diploid 9 - cell that has twice the amount of chromosome

- cell that is %7N for chromosome amount

1a$ete 9 the haploid %se" cells (in animals they are sperm and egg cells

2o$atic !ell 9 all diploid cells (body cells that are not gametes

3y#ote 9 fertili5ed egg cell formed form the oining of the gametes (sperm and

egg


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,ocabulary

!entrioles 9 #rganelles in the cell that help to mo$e chromosomes during cell

di$ision

!hro$atin 9 Chat you call the N- during 'nterphase4 ,ery easy to access the

genes for transcription and translation to create proteins

!hro$oso$e 9 Chat you call the N- during the actual cell di$ision stages

()ro4 Meta4 -na4 and .elophase

0ondensedLpacked N- for easy mo$ement during cell di$ision

!hro$atid 9 #ne of the %arms of a chromosome OPA &ach chromatid isidentical to the other because it is created by replication

- chromosome is made of two Sister Chromatids

2pindle 4iber 9 fibers created and used by the centrioles to mo$e the

chromosomes around during the di$ision stages


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,ocabulary

0o$olo#ous !hro$oso$es 9 the same numbered chromosome that pair up

from mother and father (e": momAs chromosome 1 and dadAs chromosome 1

!rossin# Over 9 - kind of chromosomal mutation that happens in )rophase 1

of meiosis

3omologous chromosomes o$erlap and e"change pieces of the chromosome which caused genetic $ariability

4ertili5ation 9 .he process of making a 5ygote Chen egg and sperm cells

fuse and combine their genetic information (N-

Mit i d M i i


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Mitosis and Meiosis

0omparison .able

Mitosis Meiosis

Number of Startingcells

Number of endingcells

Number of 3uman

0hromosomes

=enetic Make up ofcells

.ype of cells

• Set up your

table as

shown

• +S& -

@+*&@ S#'. 'S N&-.


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• +se the following slides to complete the

table you ust made

• .he te"t is in blue so you donAt ha$e to

write it all4 but you will ha$e to include

some to complete the table


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0omparing Mitosis / Meiosis

Number of cells at beginning of process

9 Mitosis ; 1 iploid cell

9 Meiosis ; 1 iploid 0ell

Number of cells at the end of the process

9 Mitosis ; 7 iploid 0ells

9 Meiosis ; 8 3aploid 0ells


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Number of chromosomes at the 2T6T

9 Mitosis ; 86 (Diploid 4 %two sets

9 Meiosis ; 86

Number of chromosomes at the 7ND

9 Mitosis ; 86

9 Meiosis ; 7> (Haploid 4 %one set


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's the genetic makeup of the daughter

cells +N'Q+& or '&N.'0-*D

9 Mitosis produces 7 '&N.'0-* 0&**S

9 Meiosis produces 8 +N'Q+& 0&**S


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• .ype of cell in the human body that can

undergo each phase

Mitosis produces Somatic B#Y cells

(e"ample: skin

Meiosis produces =amete S&P cells (spermor eggs


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.he ne"t two slides ha$e

interesting facts about male andfemale gametes

'nteresting Facts F&M-*&S


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'nteresting Facts F&M-*&S• Females produce all their eggs at once4 and

store them at a $ery early age (.hey releaseone each month during menstruation

• uring fetal life4 there are about 6 million to G

million eggs From this time4 no new eggs areproduced

• -t birth4 there are appro"imately 1 million

eggs< and by the time of puberty4 only about>KK4KKK remain

• #f these4 only >KK to 8KK will be o$ulated

during a womanRs reproducti$e lifetime

'nteresting Facts M-*&S


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'nteresting Facts M-*&S• Males continuously make sperm from

puberty until they die

• 't takes about 7 days to make sperm

• 't takes only one sperm to fertili5e an egg4

there are roughly 7KK million competitorsto fertili5e the egg

Documents

Meiosis Foldable