MELJUN CORTES--Computer BASIC Fundamentals

8/8/2019 MELJUN CORTES--Computer BASIC Fundamentals

1/37

HOLY CHILD COLLEGES OF BUTUANBUTUAN CITY

MELJUN CORTES


2/37

The Parts

of aComputer


3/37

What makes a computer powerful?

Speed A computer can do billions of actions per second.

R eliability Failures are usually due to humanerror, one way or another. (Blush for us all!)

Storage A computer can keep huge amountsof data.


4/37

A typical computer systemy screen, or mo nit or, on which there are windowsy keyboardy mou se/tr ackpad

y v ariationsy deskt opy laptopy PDA

the devices dict ate the styles of inter action tha t the system supportsIf we use diff erent devices, then the inter face will support a diff erent style of inter action

w i n d ow 1

w i n d ow 2

12-37pm

?


5/37

The Computera com puter system is made up of v arious elements

each of these elements aff ects the inter actiony input devices text entry and pointingy ou tput devices screen (sma ll&large), digital papery paper as ou tput (printer) and input (scanner)y memo ry RAM & permanent media, capacity &accessy

processing

speed of processing, net works


6/37


7/37

Personal or microPersonal or microComputersComputers for personal use come in all shapes and sizes, from tiny PDAs(personal digital assistant) to hefty PC (personal computer) towers. Morespecialized models are announced each week - trip planners, expense accountpads, language translators

Hand-held (HPC)PDA Tablet PC Laptop/Notebook

Desktop TowerWorkstation


8/37

Parts of a Computer The parts of a Computer are:y M onitor,y

Keyboard,y M ouse,y Scanner,y Printer,y

M icrophone,y Speakers,y CPU,y Joystick.


9/37

Inputs and Outputsy M ouse, Keyboard, Joystick and M icrophone are

Inputs.y Printer, Scanner, M onitor and Speaker areOutputs.


10/37

What is a computer? A computer is an electronic device that executes the instructions in a program. A computer has four functions:

a. accepts data In put

b. processes dataProcessi

ng

c. produces output Output

d. stores results Storage The Information Processing Cycle


11/37

The TOWER cont ains

all of the parts of a com puter

Chases Casing (MidMid--tower Computer Case)tower Computer Case)


12/37

The M OTHERBOARDis the backbone of acom puter all other

parts plug int o it


13/37

IN PUT DEV I CEOUTPUT DEV I CESTORAGE DEV I CEMEMORY DEV I CECPUSYSTEM SOFTWARE

APPLICAT

IO

NSOFTWARE


14/37

The CPU

(Centr al Processing Unit) is the brain of a com puter it tells the other parts

wha t to do


15/37

Optic al DriveOptic al Drive:a.) CD-ROM D rive

b.) DVD DriveF DDF DD - Floppy Disk DriveHDDHDD - Ha rd Disk Drive


16/37

A n INPUT DEVICElets y ou TALK TO the

com puter


17/37

A n OUTPUT DEVICE

lets the com puter TALKTO y ou


18/37


19/37

D on t be afraid!

y Computer waits for y ou ! y Microsof t W indows X P

Operating system a llows us to use the com puter

SYSTEM SOFTWARESYSTEM SOFTWARE


20/37

D esktop Setti ng s

y Change y ou r:y Deskt opy

Screen Sa very Power Settingsy W ind ow A ppe arancey Screen R esolution


21/37

W hat will we work on together today?y Computer Hard ware and Sof t warey Wha t is the deskt op?y Parts of the W indow


22/37

Computer Hardwarey Extern al:

Monit or

Printery Intern al:

Memo ry [RAM temp]

Microprocessor chip


23/37

In ter n aly Hard drive [C drive]

y F loppy disk drive [A drive]

y CD drive [D drive]

y F lash or Jump drive [E, F drive]Removable disk or Brand Name

SECONDARY STORAGE DRIVES ARE FOLLOWING SECONDARY STORAGE DRIVES ARE FOLLOWING :


24/37

LCD MONITOR CRT MONITOR


25/37

C athode ray tubey Stream of electr ons emitted f rom electr on gun, focused and directed by

magnetic f ields, hit phospho r-coated screen which glowsy used in TV s and com puter mo nitors

elec t

f cussing nd de f lec tion

elec t on beam

phosphor-

coa ted screen


26/37

Liquid crystal displaysy Smaller, lighter, and no radiation problems.

y Found on PDA s, portables and noteb ooks,and incre asingly on deskt op and even for hom e TV

y also used in dedicted displ a ys:digit al watches, mobile phones, HiFi contr ols

y How it works y Top plate transparent and polarised, bottom plate ref lecting .y Light passes through top plate and crystal, and ref lects back to eye.y Voltage applied to crystal changes polarisation and hence coloury N.B. light ref lected not em itted => less eye strain


27/37

sho rt term a nd long termspeed, capacity, com pressi on

forma ts, access


28/37

Short-term Memory - RAMy Rand om a ccess memo ry (RAM)

y on silicon chipsy 100 nano-second access timey usua lly v olatile (lose informa tion if power turned off )y data transf erred at around 100Mbytes/sec

y Some n on-v olatile RAM used to store basic set- up informa tion

y T ypical deskt op com puters:64 to 256 Mbytes RAM

The RO M(Read O nly M emo ry)

is the permanent memory of a com puter


29/37

Long -term Memory - disksy magnetic disks

y f loppy disks store around 1.4 Mbytesy ha rd disks typically 40 Gbytes to 100sof Gbytes

access time ~10ms, transf er rate 100kbytes/s

y optic al disksy use lasers to read and sometimes writey mo re robust tha t magnetic mediay CD-ROM- same technology as hom e audio, ~ 600 Gbytesy DVD - for AV applications, or very large f iles


30/37

B lurri ng bou n dariesy PDA s

y of ten use RAM for their ma in memo ry

y Flash-Memo ry y used in PDA s, cam eras etc .y silicon based but persistenty plug-in USB devices for data transf er


31/37

speed a n d capacityy wha t do the num bers mean?

y som e sizes (all uncom pressed)y this book, text only ~ 320,000 words, 2Mby the Bible ~ 4.5 Mbytesy scanned page ~ 128 Mbytes

y (11x8 inches, 1200 dpi, 8bit greyscale)y

digit al pho to ~ 10Mbytesy (2 4 mega pixels, 24 bit colou r)

y video ~ 10Mbytes per seco nd y (512x512, 12 bit colou r, 25 f rames per sec)


32/37

The M OTHERBOARD is the of acom puter

A ) BrainsB) Backbone

C) Foot


33/37

RO M is the memory of a com puter

A ) Perma nentB) Smart

C) Temporary


34/37

The CPU is the of a com puter

A ) BrainsB) Backbone

C) Foot


35/37

RA M is the memory of a com puter

A ) Perma nentB) Smart

C) Temporary


36/37

A n exam ple of an INPUT DEVICE is:

A ) PrinterB) Monit or

C) Mou se


37/37

A n exam ple of an OUTPUT DEVICE is:

A ) KeyboardB) Monit or

C) Mou se

Documents

MELJUN CORTES--Computer BASIC Fundamentals