Upload
meljun-cortes-mbampa
View
225
Download
0
Embed Size (px)
Citation preview
8/13/2019 MELJUN CORTES MANUAL Current Trends Issues COMP04
1/30
COMP04 Instructional ManualPrepared by: MELJUN P. CORTES
Current Trends and Issues
Chapter I: Hardware Technology Trends A computer is just a high- powered processing box without peripherals !eripheral is
the generic name to all input" output and secondary storage de#ices that are a part o$ a
computer system !eripheral are o$tentimes what we call the hardware de#ices
%n-line peripherals : de#ices that are separate $rom but can be electronically
connected to and controlled by the C!&
%$$-line peripherals: de#ices that are separate $rom and not under the control o$ the
C!&
' Input Technologies and Trends
(irst )econd Third (ourth (i$th
*eneration *eneration *eneration *eneration *eneration
Input !unched Cards !unched +ey to +eyboard ,oice
edia !aper Tape Cards Tape./is0 !ointing 1ecognition
/e#ices Touch
%ptical /e#ices
)canning Handwriting
1ecognition
College of Computer Studies 1
8/13/2019 MELJUN CORTES MANUAL Current Trends Issues COMP04
2/30
COMP04 Instructional ManualPrepared by: MELJUN P. CORTES
Input /e#ices had e#ol#ed $rom punched cards to a more natural user interface
technology 2ou can now input data electronically through pointing de#ices li0e
electronic mice" touch pads and technologies li0e optical scanning" #oice
recognition" and handwriting recognition
!ointing /e#ices: Although the 0eyboard is still widely used in inputting data and
text into computer systems" pointing de#ices are better alternati#es $or issuing
commands" ma0ing choices and responding to prompts displayed on your screen
!ointing /e#ices wor0 well with your operating systems graphical &ser inter$ace
3*&I4" which presents you with icons" buttons" menus bars and so on
!ointing de#ices uses point-and-clic0 and point-and-drag methods
56A !75) %( !%I8TI8* /5,IC5)
T1AC+9A77
It is a stationary de#ice related to mouse
&ses roller $or mo#ing $rom direction to another
!%I8TI8* )TIC+
Also called a trac0point
It is small button li0e de#ice" sometimes similar to an eraser head o$ a
pencil
The cursor mo#es in the direction o$ the pressure you place on the
stic0
College of Computer Studies 2
8/13/2019 MELJUN CORTES MANUAL Current Trends Issues COMP04
3/30
COMP04 Instructional ManualPrepared by: MELJUN P. CORTES
T%&CH!A/
Is a small rectangular touch sensiti#e sur$ace usually below the
0eyboard
The cursor mo#es in the direction o$ your $inger mo#es on the pad
Trac0ball" pointing stic0 and touch pads are easier to use than a mouse $or a
portable computer and are thus built in into most noteboo0s
T%&CH )C1558)
5mits a grid o$ in$rared beams" sound wa#es or a slight electric current
that is bro0en when the screen is touched
The computer senses the point in the grid where the brea0 occurs and
responds with an appropriate action
!58-9A)5/ C% !&TI8*
Technology currently used in handheld computers and personal digital
assistants
This small !C and !/A s contain $ast processors and so$tware that
recogni;es and digiti;es handwriting" handprinting and hand drawing
They ha#e a pressure-sensiti#e layer li0e graphics pad under slateli0e
li
8/13/2019 MELJUN CORTES MANUAL Current Trends Issues COMP04
4/30
COMP04 Instructional ManualPrepared by: MELJUN P. CORTES
,%IC5 15C%*8ITI%8
The easiest method o$ data entry
,oice recognition systems analy;e and classi$y speech or #ocal tract
p>patterns and con#ert them into digital codes $or entry into a
computer system
5arly speech recognition used /iscrete speech recognition where you
need to pause between each spo0en words Today #oice recognition
uses Continuous )peech 1ecognition 3C)14 so$tware" which
recogni;es con#ersation paced speech
56 8aturally)pea0ing by /ragon )ystems 3/iscrete4
,ia,oice by I9
%!TICA7 )CA88I8*
5nables direct entry o$ data $rom source documents into a computer
system
5mploys photoelectric de#ices to scan the characters being read
)amples include $latbed scanners" handheld or what we call wand"
&!C
%TH51 I8!&T T5CH8%7%*I5)
agnetic Tape" )martCards 3Credit Cards4" /igital cameras" agnetic in0
Character 1ecognition
College of Computer Studies 4
8/13/2019 MELJUN CORTES MANUAL Current Trends Issues COMP04
5/30
COMP04 Instructional ManualPrepared by: MELJUN P. CORTES
%&T!&T T5CH8%7%*I5) A8/ T158/)
(irst )econd Third (ourth (i$th
*eneration *eneration *eneration *eneration *eneration
%utput edia. !unched Cards !unched Cards !rinted ,ideo ,ideo
ethod !rinted 1eports. !rinted 1ep . 1eports
/isplays /isplays
/ocuments /oc ,ideo Audio ,oice
/isplays 1esponses 1esponses
!rinted 1ep Hyperlin0ed
ultimedia
/ocuments
Computers pro#ide #ideos in #ariety o$ $orms The table shows the trends in output
methods As seen in the table !rinted 1eports and /ocuments are the most common
output $rom all generations
56A !75) %( %&T!&T /5,IC5)
,I/5% %&T!&T
,ideo displays are the most common computer output ost des0top
computers rely on #ideo monitors that use Cathode 1ay Tube 3C1T4
technology similar to picture tubes o$ t# s
College of Computer Studies 5
8/13/2019 MELJUN CORTES MANUAL Current Trends Issues COMP04
6/30
COMP04 Instructional ManualPrepared by: MELJUN P. CORTES
!1I8T5/ %&T!&T
!rinting in$ormation on paper is still the most common $orm o$ output a$ter
#ideo displays Thus !C systems rely on in0jets or lasers printers to produce
hard copy in high
8/13/2019 MELJUN CORTES MANUAL Current Trends Issues COMP04
7/30
COMP04 Instructional ManualPrepared by: MELJUN P. CORTES
)torage Tape
agnetic
/rum
Tape
agnetic
/rum
/is0
agnetic
Tape
%ptical /is0 agnetic /is0
Trend: Towards assi#e capacities &sing agnetic and %ptical edia
)torage edia cost" speed and capacity trade-o$$s 8ote how cost increases with $aster
access speeds" but decreases with excess capacity
!rimary )torage edia such as semi-conductor memory chips are called direct access or
random access memories 31A 4 agnetic dis0s de#ices are $re
8/13/2019 MELJUN CORTES MANUAL Current Trends Issues COMP04
8/30
COMP04 Instructional ManualPrepared by: MELJUN P. CORTES
)peciali;ed memory can be added to increase your computers per$ormance
A*85TIC /I)+)
Is the most common $orm o$ secondary storage de#ices" because they
pro#ide $ast access and high storage capacities at a reasonable cost
T2!5) %( A*85TIC /I)+)
(7%!!2 /I)+)
HA1/ /I)+
1AI/ 31edundant Arrays o$ Independent /is0s4 E this are dis0s arrays o$
interconnected microcomputer hard dis0 dri#es which had replaced large capacity
main$rame dis0 dri#es that pro#ides gigabytes o$ online storage
A*85TIC TA!5 )T%1A*5
Is still being used as a secondary storage medium in business applications
The read and write heads o$ magnetic tape dri#es records data in the $orm o$
magneti;ed spots on the iron oxide coating o$ the plastic tape
(or main $rames and mid-range systems" magnetic tapes include tape reels
and cartridges" $or !C s a small cassette tape is used
%ne major application o$ magnetic tape includes long-term archi#al storage
and bac0-up storage $or !C and other systems
%!TICA7 /I)+ )T%1A*5
The $ast growing storage medium The #ersion $or use o$ microcomputer is
called C/ 1% 3Compact /is0 1ead %nly emory4 C/-1% technology
College of Computer Studies 8
8/13/2019 MELJUN CORTES MANUAL Current Trends Issues COMP04
9/30
COMP04 Instructional ManualPrepared by: MELJUN P. CORTES
uses a '@ centimeter compact dis0" each dis0 can store DFF 9 which is
e
8/13/2019 MELJUN CORTES MANUAL Current Trends Issues COMP04
10/30
COMP04 Instructional ManualPrepared by: MELJUN P. CORTES
The types o$ )o$tware you will encounter depend primarily on the type o$ computers
and networ0s you use In this chapter it discusses about the e#olution and trends o$
so$tware and hardware
The $igure below shows an o#er#iew o$ computer so$twares:
)o$tware )uites Geb 9rowsers 5lectronic ail Gord !rocessing )preadsheets /atabase managers !resentation *raphics !ersonal In$ormation anagers
/es0top !ublishing Integrated !ac0ages *roupware
College of Computer Studies 10
Computer)o$tware
Application)o$tware
)ystem)o$tware
*eneral-!urpose
Application
Application-)peci$ic
!rograms
)ystemanagement!rograms
)ystem/e#elopment
!rograms
9usiness Accounting)ales anagementTransaction !rocessing5lectronic Commerce etc
)cience and5ngineering
5ducation and5ntertainment etc
%perating )ystems 8etwor0 anagement!rograms /atabase anagement)ystems )ystem &tilities !er$ormance onitors )ecurity onitors
!rogramming 7anguageTranslators !rogramming 5ditors andTools Computer Aided )o$tware5ngineering 3CA)54 !ac0ages
8/13/2019 MELJUN CORTES MANUAL Current Trends Issues COMP04
11/30
COMP04 Instructional ManualPrepared by: MELJUN P. CORTES
' )T
*eneration@nd
*eneration
rd
*enerationBth *eneration th
*enerationTrend: Towards 5asy-to-use ulti-purpose 8etwor0-5nabled Application !ac0ages $or
!roducti#ity and Collaboration)o$twareTrends
&ser Gritten!rograms
achine7anguage
!ac0age!rograms
)ymbolic7anguages
%perating)ystems
High 7e#el7anguages
/atabaseanagement
)ystems
(ourth-*eneration7anguages
icrocomputer!ac0ages
8atural and%bject%riented7anguages
ultipurpose*raphic-Inter$ace8etwor0-5nabled5xpert-
Assisted!ac0ages
Trend: Towards ,isual or Con#ersational !rogramming 7anguages and Tools
The $igure abo#e emphasi;es se#eral major so$tware trends (irst there has been a
major trend away $rom custom-designed programs de#eloped by pro$essional
programmers o$ an organi;ation" instead the trend is toward the o$$-the shel$ so$tware
pac0ages This trend became relati#ely ine#itable due to a#ailability o$ inexpensi#e
pac0ages" and so$tware suites
)econd" There has been a direction away $rom technical-machine speci$ic
programming languages using binary based or symbolic codes and procedural languages
which uses brie$ statements and mathematical expression" instead there was a trend
toward the use o$ #isual graphic inter$ace $or object oriented programming or toward non-
procedural natural languages 3B*7 s4 Today arti$icial intelligence and expert systems
are being incorporated $or so$tware to be more accessible and user $riendly
College of Computer Studies 11
8/13/2019 MELJUN CORTES MANUAL Current Trends Issues COMP04
12/30
8/13/2019 MELJUN CORTES MANUAL Current Trends Issues COMP04
13/30
COMP04 Instructional ManualPrepared by: MELJUN P. CORTES
a 4 )ystem management programs !rograms that manage the
hardware" so$tware" networ0 and data resources o$ the computer
system during its execution o$ the #arious in$ormation processing
jobs o$ users
b 4 )ystem de#elopment programs - programs that help users de#elop
in$ormation system programs and procedures and prepare user
programs $or computer processing 5x CA)5 Tools
!relim 5xamination
III Trends in Telecommunications
Telecommunications is the sending o$ in$ormation in any $orm $rom one place to
another using electronic or light Eemitting media ajor trends in the $ield o$
telecommunications ha#e a signi$icant impact on management decision in this
area This chapter co#ers important in$ormation about trends in
telecommunications
Enterprise collaboration applications use telecommunications networ0s to
support communication" coordination and collaboration 5lectronic commerce
applications support the buying and selling o$ products" ser#ices and in$ormation
o#er the internet and other computer networ0
College of Computer Studies 13
8/13/2019 MELJUN CORTES MANUAL Current Trends Issues COMP04
14/30
COMP04 Instructional ManualPrepared by: MELJUN P. CORTES
Internal business applications o$ telecommunications depend on a #ariety o$
computer networ0s to support company s business operations
ajor trends in the $ield o$ telecommunications ha#e a signi$icant impact on
management decision in this area This chapter co#ers important in$ormation
about
' 4 Industry Trends
The competiti#e arena $or telecommunication ser#ice has changed dramatically in
the & ) and se#eral countries" $rom business monopolies to competiti#e number o$
suppliers
The telecom re#olution begun when AT T and 9ell laboratories separated in 'J B
This was accelerated with the passage o$ Telecommunication act o$ 'JJD and the booming
o$ internet
The explosi#e growth o$ the internet has spawned host o$ new telecommunication
products ser#ices and pro#iders The internet technology pro#ided companies with a
better decision ma0ing alternati#es concerning their telecommunication needs
The &) /eregulation and 1e$orm Act o$ has promoted many dynamic changes
ta0ing place in the telecommunication industry" this encourage the de#elopment o$ e#en
more telecom companies
College of Computer Studies 14
Industry trends Towards a greater number o$competiti#e #endors" carriers" alliances and networ0
ser#ices" accelerated by deregulation and the growth o$ theinternet
8/13/2019 MELJUN CORTES MANUAL Current Trends Issues COMP04
15/30
8/13/2019 MELJUN CORTES MANUAL Current Trends Issues COMP04
16/30
COMP04 Instructional ManualPrepared by: MELJUN P. CORTES
!igital "etwor# Technologies. Aside $rom transmitting $aster and more
dependable data" digital technology allows multiple types o$ communications such as
#ideo " #oice and graphics on the same circuits
$.) Application Trends
B 4 Types o$ telecommunication networ0s
%ide& Area&"etwor# '%A"). 7arge and co#ers metropolitan area
(ocal Area "etwor# '(A"). 7imited physical area
Internet.
Intranets E tranet
*irtual +ri,ate "etwor# '*+"). &sed to establish secure intranet and
extranet /epend on the internet as its bac0bone but relies on the $ire wall and
other security $eatures o$ the internet
Client Ser,er "etwor# 5nterprise computing
Interorgani-ational networ#.
College of Computer Studies 16
Application Trends. Toward the persuasi#e use o$ the internetand enterprise intranets and interorgani;ational extranets tosupport electronic commerce" enterprise collaboration" on-linebusiness operations and strategic ad#antage in local and globalmar0et
8/13/2019 MELJUN CORTES MANUAL Current Trends Issues COMP04
17/30
COMP04 Instructional ManualPrepared by: MELJUN P. CORTES
I*. Trends in !atabase anagement
Continuing de#elopments in the in$ormation technology and its business
applications ha#e resulted in the e#olution o$ se#eral major types o$ databases
/.) Types of databases
' ' operational database. These databases store detailed data needed to
support the operations o$ the entire organi;ation They are also called
sub0ect area databases1 transaction databases and production
databases.
5xample: Customer database
5mployee database" transaction database" in#entory
' @ analytical database. These databases store data and in$ormation
extracted $rom selected operational and external databases They consist
o$ summari;ed data and in$ormation most needed by an organi;ations
manager and other end user They may also be called multidimensional
database.
5 6A !75 : %n-line analytical processing" summary sales
' distributed database. any organi;ations replicate and distribute copies
or parts o$ databases to networ0 ser#ers at a #ariety o$ sites These
distributed databases can reside on a networ0 ser#er on the GGG" on
corporate intranets" extranets or on another company networ0s 5nsuring
updated database is the challenge $or e#ery organi;ation
College of Computer Studies 17
8/13/2019 MELJUN CORTES MANUAL Current Trends Issues COMP04
18/30
COMP04 Instructional ManualPrepared by: MELJUN P. CORTES
' B data warehouse. A data warehouse stores data $rom current and pre#ious
years that has been extracted $rom the #arious operational databases o$ an
organi;ation It is the central source o$ data that has been screened"
edited" standardi;ed and integrated so that it can be used by managers and
a #ariety o$ users $or business analysis
' end&user databases. These database consist o$ a #ariety data $iles
de#eloped by an end user at their wor0stations 5xamples o$ these are
collection o$ documents in spreadsheets" word processing and e#en
downloaded $iles
' D e ternal databases. Access to a wealth o$ in$ormation $rom external
database is a#ailable $or a $ee $rom a commercial online ser#ices and with
or without charge $rom many sources in the internet
@ 4 ypermedia databases. These are set o$ interconnected multimedia pages
at a web-site
&consists o$ home page and other hyperlin0ed pages o$ multimedia or mixed
media3 text" graphic" photographic images" #ideo clips" audio etc 4
idterm 5xamination
, Impact o$ in$ormation and communication technology
' 4 ICT and business
@ 4 ICT and society
,I The $uture o$ in$ormation and communication technology
College of Computer Studies 18
8/13/2019 MELJUN CORTES MANUAL Current Trends Issues COMP04
19/30
COMP04 Instructional ManualPrepared by: MELJUN P. CORTES
ow will ICT affect us in the future3
%#er the past decade" in$ormation and communication technologies" most ob#iously in the
shape o$ the Internet and the mobile phone" ha#e dramatically a$$ected almost e#ery
aspect o$ the way we li#e and wor0 oreo#er" they are Kenabling technologies " which
means they underpin the competiti#eness and e$$icient operation o$ all sectors o$ the
economy )o" de#elopments in these technologies are $undamentally a$$ecting e#erything
$rom $arming to $ashion" and dri#ing disco#eries in biotechnology and nanotechnology
5#idence suggests that we could be on the #erge o$ a signi$icant deepening o$ the
in$ormation society" an era o$ Kubi
8/13/2019 MELJUN CORTES MANUAL Current Trends Issues COMP04
20/30
COMP04 Instructional ManualPrepared by: MELJUN P. CORTES
Technological dri,ers
&bi
8/13/2019 MELJUN CORTES MANUAL Current Trends Issues COMP04
21/30
COMP04 Instructional ManualPrepared by: MELJUN P. CORTES
between computing and telecommunications" and also with broadcasting and publishing
/igital technologies allow all $orms o$ in$ormation E #oice" data or #ideo E to be
manipulated across all types o$ de#ices and networ0s It is increasingly di$$icult to discern
the di$$erence between a computer and mobile phone" $or instance A world characteri;ed
by ubi
8/13/2019 MELJUN CORTES MANUAL Current Trends Issues COMP04
22/30
COMP04 Instructional ManualPrepared by: MELJUN P. CORTES
crash" the cost o$ third generation * mobile licenses and the general downturn in the
stoc0 mar0et ha#e meant that in#estors are currently more interested in real returns on
their in#estment The ris0 and uncertainty o$ in#estment in ICT will undoubtedly in$luence
the speed o$
de#elopment
Social and personal dri,ers
An important dri#er o$ ICT de#elopment is the issue o$ time Time is an increasingly
#aluable resource $or indi#iduals and $amilies" as well as employers 5#eryone wants to
use their time more e$$ecti#ely" and in$ormation and communication technologies enable
that to happen !eople expect more and more ser#ices to be a#ailable @B hours a day and
business has to respond Ge now do business Kat the speed o$ light and we e#en tal0
about KInternet time : only those organi;ations that inno#ate in the space o$ wee0s or
months will capitali;e on new opportunities Technology gi#es people a greater ability to
choose how to li#e their li#es 5lectronic choices allow indi#iduals" $amilies and
communities to be more sel$-reliant and this is a power$ul dri#er o$ change The Internet
and mobile phones mean people can increasingly control where and when they wor0 !ut
more broadly" consumer demand $or communication" in$ormation and entertainment
ser#ices will be an important dri#er $or ICT de#elopments %$ course" #alue $or money is a
0ey component o$ demand E the attracti#eness o$ #iewing #ideos on a handheld de#ice
while on the mo#e" $or example" will depend partly on the price The ta0e-up o$ ser#ices
will also depend on personal and social acceptability: will it $it in with the way people wish
to li#e and wor0L )o" $or instance" tal0ing on your mobile phone on the train has been
College of Computer Studies 22
8/13/2019 MELJUN CORTES MANUAL Current Trends Issues COMP04
23/30
COMP04 Instructional ManualPrepared by: MELJUN P. CORTES
accepted despite the imposition on other passengers E but the $uture would loo0 #ery
di$$erent i$ it had not been !erhaps ambient intelligence" $or instance" will be so $oreign
that people will not accept it %r maybe technologies will become so $lexible that it will be
possible to customi;e them to indi#idual needs so that acceptability will not be an issue
There are undoubtedly many obstacles on the path towards the in$ormation society that
need to be dealt with These include issues o$ trust and security" ownership o$ intellectual
property" pri#acy protection" unsolicited email or spam" and the protection o$ children $rom
Kharm$ul content The issue o$ regulating the Internet is a thorny one re
8/13/2019 MELJUN CORTES MANUAL Current Trends Issues COMP04
24/30
COMP04 Instructional ManualPrepared by: MELJUN P. CORTES
Shaping the future of ICT
Communication and the 4ole of ICT
Communication5 The 4ole of ICT
In business" communication can be:
M between indi#iduals
M between indi#iduals and organisations
M within a business
M between a business and an external organisation
College of Computer Studies 24
8/13/2019 MELJUN CORTES MANUAL Current Trends Issues COMP04
25/30
COMP04 Instructional ManualPrepared by: MELJUN P. CORTES
Communication
Communication ta0es place within networ0s These are some o$ the types o$ networ0:
M chain
M circle
M wheel
M all-channel
MA chain networ0
e g $ormal contact
M A circle networ0
e g between people at same le#el
College of Computer Studies 25
8/13/2019 MELJUN CORTES MANUAL Current Trends Issues COMP04
26/30
COMP04 Instructional ManualPrepared by: MELJUN P. CORTES
MA wheel networ0
e g sales teams report to head o$$ice
MAn all-channel networ0
e g brainstorming
Communication in the business world is #ery di$$erent today compared to twenty years
ago" because o$:
MIn$ormation and Communication Technology 3ICT4
E amples of ICT 6se
M obile telephones
M ,ideo and tele-con$erencing
M 7ap-top computers
M 5-mail
M ulti-media communications
College of Computer Studies 26
8/13/2019 MELJUN CORTES MANUAL Current Trends Issues COMP04
27/30
COMP04 Instructional ManualPrepared by: MELJUN P. CORTES
Communication 7ailure
8o matter what medium o$ communication is used" it can $ail i$:
M ?argon is used inappropriately
M badly written messages are transmitted
M The message goes to the wrong recei#er
M In$ormation o#erload ta0es place
M The communication channel brea0s down
M !re#ented due to slow connection speeds
M A$$ected by lac0 o$ broadband ser#ices
+olicies1 issues and the future of ICT
+olicies for the information society
any policies" initiati#es and measures concerning ICT exist" impacting at the national"
5uropean as well as the global le#el In the global context" there are international
agreements" treaties concerning" $or instance" international trade in ser#ices" protection o$
intellectual property" Internet domain name system coordination" and telecommunication
standards" that are rele#ant to" and shape" the $uture o$ ICT )ome o$ the organi;ations
in#ol#ed include the Gorld Trade %rgani;ation " the Gorld Intellectual !roperty
%rgani;ationB" the Internet Corporation $or Assigned 8ames and 8umbers 3ICA884 " and
the International Telecommunication &nionD In addition there are global Ksel$-regulatory
codes $or conducting" $or example" electronic commerce 3see The *lobal 9usiness
/ialogue on 5lectronic CommerceN4
College of Computer Studies 27
8/13/2019 MELJUN CORTES MANUAL Current Trends Issues COMP04
28/30
COMP04 Instructional ManualPrepared by: MELJUN P. CORTES
It is beyond the scope o$ this article to consider all the rele#ant" global policy perspecti#es
Howe#er" we consider them to be a critical component o$ the o#erall policy landscape"
since ICT and globali;ation are so closely entwined
+olicy concerns raised by the scenarios
In the pre#ious article" we outlined two scenarios: )tumbling along" and K*ra#e new world
)tumbling along described a $uture li0ely to happen i$ we see inno#ation occurring at the
same pace as witnessed in recent years" with growing adoption o$ ICT but with social"
political and economic issues hampering ta0e-up K*ra#e new world" on the other hand"
assumes a paradigm shi$t in inno#ation and adoption o$ applications where we could see
the seamless integration o$ ubi
8/13/2019 MELJUN CORTES MANUAL Current Trends Issues COMP04
29/30
COMP04 Instructional ManualPrepared by: MELJUN P. CORTES
Issues of trust and con,enience
The 0ey barriers to the upta0e o$ ICT include:
Anxiety o#er the cost $or mass ta0e-up
8etwor0 security $or transactions
!oor user inter$aces
Another way to tac0le this issue is the need to o#ercome the obstacles o$ #alue" trust and
con#enience Concerns about costs" both percei#ed and actual costs o$ purchase and
usage 3such as telecom costs4" are best addressed through ensuring competiti#e mar0ets
The $ramewor0 $or electronic communications addresses all o$ these matters
Cybersecurity
8etwor0 or cybersecurity is 0ey to building trust $or both business and consumer use o$
electronic networ0s Thus" creating a reliable system $or identi$ication 3saying who you are4
as well as authentication 3pro#ing you are who you say you are4 is essential to inspire trustin users and merchants ali0e to encourage use o$ e-commerce In$ormation that
businesses collect about their customers or #isitors to their websites may cause con$lict:
between the interests o$ businesses wishing to target their products and ser#ices and the
desire o$ indi#iduals to ensure their pri#acy and.or anonymity Gith new $orms o$ attac0
3such as I/ the$t" etc4 suspicion and insecurity is li0ely to grow
College of Computer Studies 29
8/13/2019 MELJUN CORTES MANUAL Current Trends Issues COMP04
30/30
COMP04 Instructional ManualPrepared by: MELJUN P. CORTES
Spam
The proli$eration o$ unsolicited commercial email or spam is a growing problem that
urgently needs addressing %#er FO o$ global email tra$$ic is now thought to consist o$
spam There are concerns that wireless text messaging may also become inundated with
unsolicited messages
8lobali-ation and employment
In a global economy" enterprises will choose locations on the basis o$ economic $actors -
ta0ing into account manu$acturing" distribution" customer ser#ices and so on Gith
ad#anced in$ormation and communication technologies" the location o$ economic acti#ities
will increasingly be determined by the a#ailability o$ s0ills at low cost Ge should there$ore
expect companies strategy to be directed by these dri#ers since they will ha#e to ta0e
them on-board in competing in a global economy