Mellon all-projects meeting for musicology and music information retrieval New York City, 5 -7 June 2007 RIPM: Retrospective Index to Music Periodicals

Mellon all-projects meeting for musicology and music information retrieval New York City, 5 -7 June 2007

RIPM: Retrospective Index to Music Periodicals

A Very Short History of RIPM…

Répertoire International de la Presse Musicale=Retrospective Index to Music PeriodicalsRépertoire International de la Presse Musicale=Retrospective Index to Music Periodicals

An internationally-coordinated undertaking

Producing annotated indexes to music periodicals (1800 to 1950)

In three formats: RIPM in Print, RIPM Online, RIPM on CD-ROM

Publishes 10–12 volumes & 20,000+ annotated records annually

Publications to date: 200+ volumes; 500,000+ annotated records in database

RIPM functions under the auspices of The International Association of Music Libraries, Archives, and Documentation Centres (IAML)

The International Musicological Society (IMS)UNESCO’s International Council for Philosophy and Humanistic Studies

What is RIPM?

_________________________“RIPM is quite simply the finest large-scale bibliographical project in musicology.” Reviewer, National Endowment for the Humanities (USA)

25th Anniversary200 volumes completed

500,000+ annotated recordsRIPM Online Archive of Music Periodicals

A short history of RIPM

Collaborators currently working in 23 countries.

RIPM strives to extend its international coverage. One new initiative is the creation of national RIPM groups in Latin America.

ArgentinaAustria BelgiumBulgariaCanada

ChileCzech Republic

France

RIPM’s International Scope

Denmark Germany

Great Britain Greece

Hungary Italy

Mexico

Countries represented in RIPMNetherland

sNorway Poland

PortugalRussiaSpain

SwedenUSA

“Should be on the reference shelves of every major library” Journal of the American Musicological Society

16Sixteen things you need to know about RIPM…

Unique access to a monumental corpus of primary source material

the reader to view music history as it developed and as seen through the eyes of its contemporaries

direct access to facts and perceptions unfiltered by later writings

the examination of this immense body of literature with in-context annotated references, provided by internationally-recognized scholars and editors

the study of an almost daily chronicle of music and musical life throughout Europe and the Americas

1.

Because RIPM provides…

RIPM is the first internationally-coordinated initiative to treat this vast documentary resource--an undertaking first called for in 1938 by the MLA.

An essential complement to RILM, the Music Index, and IIMPRIPM alone offers extensive coverage of music periodical

literature to 1950.

1800 1850 1900 1950 2000

RIPM

RILM

Music Index

IIMP

2.


The International Index to Music Periodicals (IIMP) treats only four journals published before 1900.

Coverage of complete runs of music journals

RIPM, in nearly all cases, indexes the complete run of a journal.

RILM coverage begins in 1967. Any journal with a publication date before 1967 is not treated in its entirety.

The Music Index begins coverage in 1949, with the online database beginning in 1979. Any journal with a publication date before 1949 is not treated in its entirety.

Approximately 75% of IIMP’s titles are not treated in their entirety.

3.


Superior indexing methods RIPM and RILM supply readers with extensive editorial commentary dealing with content, RIPM in the form of annotated records, and RILM in the form of abstracts. For its small group of pre-1996 journals indexed, IIMP offers author-title records only and no editorial commentary concerning content.

4.

Comparison of RIPM and IIMP indexing of Modern Music21, no. 3

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

900

RIPM: Annotated citations IIMP: Citations only

Index

term

s

Example: RIPM vs. IIMPModern Music is one of the few journals treated by both RIPM and IIMP. RIPM’s annotated citations produced 800+ indexing terms for a single issue. IIMP’s citations-only approach produced 151 indexing terms for the same issue.


Highly annotated citations outlining content

Music in America (New York, April 9) [Overview of concerts; repertoire of the Metropolitan Opera. Bach Choir, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania: Bach, Mass in B minor; Frank Damrosch (conductor). Philharmonic Society: Beethoven, Symphony no. 9] Author: H. E. Krehbiel Author as Edited: Krehbiel, Henry Edward Source: The Musical Times No. 687 --- Vol. 41 (May 1, 1900): 330-31

Section Title: Vienna [Anniversary of Gluck's death. Verdi to compose a new opera for the Théâtre-Italien (Paris)] Author: Anon. Source: Dwight's Journal of Music Vol. I, No. 20 (August 21, 1852): 159 Within: Author: Anon. Principal Title: Musical intelligence

Films and theatre [Soviet film: "The Siege of Leningrad" and "Moscow Strikes Back". The life of George M. Cohan. Gruenberg's film score for "Commandos Strike at Dawn". René Clair's "I Married a Witch"] Author: Elliott Carter Author as Edited: Carter, Elliott Source: Modern Music Volume XX, Number 3 (March-April 1943): 205-06

RIPM’s highly-annotated citations allow deep access to content. Imagine these records without annotations…

5.


The same author-title citations without annotations

Title: Music in America (New York, April 9) Author: Krehbiel, H. E. Source: The Musical Times No. 687 --- Vol. 41 (May 1, 1900): 330-31

Title: Films and theatre Author: Carter, Elliott Source: Modern Music Volume XX, Number 3 (March-April 1943): 205-06

If RIPM used IIMP’s methods, this is what citations would look like. How much information do these citation-only records provide?

5.

A unique perspective on music before 1800

RIPM’s content is not limited to the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. The nineteenth century’s interest in history is clearly reflected in RIPM which offers a vast bibliography on composers and music of earlier periods.

6.Composer Citations Composer Citations

Bach 3795 Haydn 3987

Clementi 559 Méhul 408

Cimarosa 355 Mozart 8175

Field 331 Purcell 353

Gluck 1616 Palestrina 518

Grétry 362 Scarlatti 237

Handel 6172 Spontini 785


“A very welcome addition to our research resources . . . serious bibliographic coverage of this period is long overdue.” Online Bach Bibliography

A new international initiative: the RILM-RIPM collaboration

RIPM and RILM will offer access to complete runs of journals.

Together, RILM and RIPM will eventually offer access to over two centuries of music periodical literature, from the late eighteenth century to the present.

Subscribers to RILM and RIPM can search the two databases simultaneously through a single interface.

7.

1800 - 2007+


RILM and RIPM collaborate to provide access to music periodical literature of the entire twentieth century.

An essential complement to the New Grove and MGG Bibliographies in the New Grove and MGG mostly ignore the contemporary press.

Using Ferdinand Ries (pianist, composer, and student of Beethoven) as an example:

The bibliography of the Ries article in the New Grove contains only one nineteenth-century periodical citation.

The bibliography of the Ries article in the MGG contains only two nineteenth-century periodical citations.

RIPM offers 536 nineteenth-century periodical citations for Ries, and the number is growing.

8.


Composer RIPM citations

RILM citations

Beethoven 10477 7233

Mendelssohn 7680 1845

Berlioz 2666 1442

Schumann 3610 2948

Verdi 10605 2953

Donizetti 7169 568

Saint-Saëns 1065 325

Bizet 928 367

Paganini 977 370

Rossini 8292 1295

Totals 53469 19346

RIPM contains nearly three times as many references

as RILM.

An immense quantity of new citations for well-known composers

RIPM73%

RILM27%

9.


Composer

RIPM Grove MGG

Bargiel 243 5 3

Czerny 573 1 7

Thalberg 988 12 13

Marschner

455 30 31

Onslow 330 25 15

Pacini 1249 26 2

Raff 433 31 27

Ries 512 16 26

Totals 4783 149 124

Over 31 times as many as the New Grove Over 37 times as many as MGG

Ground-breaking core citations from periodicals for less well-known composers

Grove

3%

MGG

3%

RIPM94%

10.


An immense bibliography of music for performers and researchersIn addition to an immense bibliography of music, RIPM supplies references to

7700+ musical examples printed in the journals. Many are complete works not published elsewhere … a treasure-trove of unexplored repertory.

11.


The primary source for reception history and biography

With 250,000+ reviews, readers have access to firsthand accounts of performances and new publications of music and books.

Reviews and news columns reveal the geographical dissemination of compositions, their “national” receptions, and possible influences.

Reviews are also a primary source for repertory and for information concerning performance practice, such as instruments employed and elements of interpretation.

RIPM’s 11,500+ biographical citations offer a unique opportunity to explore the contemporary view of almost all significant and, today, lesser-known musical personalities.

RIPM’s biographical citations alone constitute a research tool of unequaled value.

12.


Access to iconography and advertising

Nearly 6200 images offer visual descriptions of people, performances, instruments, ensembles, concert halls, theaters, productions and staging, as well as caricatures

41900+ advertisements, a significant resource for:

publishers’ lists

concert repertory

musical instruments

everything from improving a tenor’s technique to transposing pianos

13.


A major electronic teaching tool

RIPM is used as a basis for undergraduate and graduate courses and seminars.

RIPM’s usefulness extends beyond music. Contemporary music periodicals chronicle issues of interest to social, political and cultural historians as well.

Examples of North American university courses using RIPM include:

numerous specialized courses in nineteenth- and twentieth-century music

Graduate Research Methods/Music Bibliography

“The City in Early Modern Europe” at the University of California, San Diego

“Attending to Early Modern Women” at the University of Maryland

“Nineteenth-Century American Music” at Duke University

a research tool for Ethnomusicology at UCLA

Because of RIPM, “students are being better educated and trained, librarians and archivists serve their collections and readers much more efficiently.” (Reviewer, National Endowment for the Humanities)

14.


Access to English-language translations of primary documents RIPM offers access to 5000+ English translations of foreign-language

documents, an ever-growing number.

Primary sources, many still unavailable elsewhere, news items, and articles from foreign journals were translated into English for publication in British and US music periodicals.

RIPM gives users access to a wealth of information already translated for them, opening up international music history to English-language readers.

15.


Immense possibilities for new research

RIPM creates possibilities for significant new research on an almost endless list of topics.

16. Composers & reception of

works History of musical genres Concert life Repertory & concert programs Biographical studies Ensembles & companies Publishers & the publishing industry Development of musicologyAesthetics

Dissemination of musical cultures Teaching methods Performance practice History of instruments Musical life in a city or region Opera & theaters Music education Politics & music The sociology of music Musical institutions & societies


Without RIPM …

RIPM Online Archive of Music Periodicals

Features include:

• Annotated Records

• Zoned or Highlighted Records on Journal Page(s)

• Easy Access to browsable journals

• Annotated Calendar introducing Browse mode

• Grayscale or bitonal image delivery based on internet

connection speed

• Easy setting of display resolution based on monitor size

• Off-On highlighting switch

(continued)

•Flexible image manipulation: fit page, fit width, zoom

• Page “turning” options: next/previous in journal or citation,

• Next/previous citation button

• Simultaneous access to search results and journal page

• Simultaneous access to Calendar page and journal page

• Save and Print options

• Access to journal information and RIPM print introductions

ANNOTATED RECORDS 1

In these records editorial annotations describing content are highlighted in yellow; this reveals the extensive nature of the commentary. Annotated editorial commentary is one of the hallmarks of the RIPM system.

The search terms “Clara Schumann” entered into RIPM Search Mode, retrieve annotated records containing editorial commentary. These editorial additions provide the context in which the search terms appear and permit the researcher to review records quickly for pertinence.

ANNOTATED RECORDS 2

After selecting a record and clicking on it, the pertinent journal page appears with the cited article or section thereof highlighted and thus easily identified by the user. This highlighting, or zoning, is also one of the notable features of the RIPM system.

ZONED OR HIGHLIGHTED RECORDS 1

The user selects the journal to browse from a drop-down menu listing all available journals.

BROWSE MODE OPENING

SCREEN 1

The user then selects a specific year to browse.

BROWSE MODE 2

Finally, the user selects a volume and issue.

BROWSE MODE 3

After making these selections, RIPM’s Browse Mode displays an HTML representation of the pertinent pages of a RIPM annotated chronological Calendar. These pages appear as they do in RIPM In Print, in a hierarchical presentation displaying the relationship between, for example, an article and its constituent parts: sections, subsections, music examples, illustrations, collective titles, etc. By clicking on the “Previous” or “Next” buttons, one can browse through individual issues of the journal.

ANNOTATED CALENDAR INTRODUCING BROWSE

MODE 1

Note in the RIPM annotated Calendar the manner in which the editor described this untitled section’s content.

The red arrow refers to a user-selected record which if clicked upon …

ACCESS TO HIGHLIGHTED JOURNAL PAGE(S) FROM BROWSE

MODE 1

The untitled section “Perabo’s fourth and fifth matinées …” would be difficult to locate on the journal page without the highlight.

HIGHLIGHTED RECORD ACCESSED DIRECTLY FROM BROWSE

MODE 2

In this example note that the editor annotated the sub-section of an article. When selected …


MODE 3

… it would be difficult to locate the pertinent subsection without the highlighting as no graphic delimiter set offs the title “P.S.”


MODE 4

Grayscale scanning provides a much more realistic representation of the page, and communicates the historical nature of the document by allowing the texture of the page to be viewed by the reader. It also offers some distinct advantages with respect to readability and faithful reproduction of poor originals. Note, for example, the differences in the images of the composer E. Robert Schmitz, reproduced from a relatively poor microfilm copy respectively with a bitonal and grayscale scan. In this and the following example the grayscale images communicate far more information, displaying the advantages of grayscale for such microfilms.

USE OF GRAYSCALE 1

USE OF GRAYSCALE 2

The ink stain in the bitonal image (left) obliterates the text; despite the stain, the text is discernable in the grayscale scan (right).

FUNCTIONALITY: GRAYSCALE AND BITONAL DELIVERY 1

While the default image displayed is in grayscale (as above), users may select “Dialup” if they have slower internet connections. Selecting this option results in the delivery of bitonal images which are smaller in file size, delivered more quickly, but lower in quality.

FUNCTIONALITY: GRAYSCALE AND BITONAL DELIVERY 2

Bitonal display of grayscale image in previous slide.

A toggle switch permits the user to turn off the highlighting when it is not useful, for example, when viewing a portrait.

FUNCTIONALITY: DISPLAY RESOLUTION AND

HIGHLIGHTING


HIGHLIGHTING 2

Image without highlighting.

To determine the optimum window size, the user need only select the appropriate option: small, medium or large monitor.


HIGHLIGHTING 3

By clicking on the drop down box, and selecting “Fit Page” the entire journal page is displayed on the monitor.

PAGE MANIPULATION 1

Choose “Fit Width” and the appropriate part of the image is displayed.

PAGE MANIPULATION 2

In this case, a 100% size representation of the page offers a level of magnification quite easy to read. It is possible to increase the Zoom up to 200% of the original.

PAGE MANIPULATION 3

(Top) Next or previous page in journal. (Middle) Next or previous page in article (useful when pages do not follow consecutively). (Bottom) Next or previous Journal Citation is useful when exploring a list of records generated by the search engine.

PAGE TURNING OPTIONS

ACCESS TO SEARCH RESULTS WHEN CONSULTING JOURNAL

PAGES

Similar to Browse Mode, the screen displaying the search results may be viewed as one clicks through journal pages from one record to the next.

ACCESS TO ANNOTATED CALENDAR WHEN BROWSING JOURNAL

PAGES

In Browse Mode one can simultaneously view a Calendar page and the associated journal page(s) as the Online Archive operates with two browser windows.

“SAVE TO DISK” AND “PRINT” FEATURES VIA ADOBE

ACROBAT

The current article may be downloaded in PDF format by clicking on the “Save/Print” button.

“ABOUT THE JOURNAL” PAGE AND JOURNAL

INTRODUCTIONS 1

Access to “ABOUT THE JOURNAL,” a brief summary of the journal’s importance … (www.ripm.org).

http://www.ripm.org/



“ABOUT THE JOURNAL” PAGE AND JOURNAL

INTRODUCTIONS 2

… and the introduction to the journal as it appears in RIPM In Print. (www.ripm.org).




Retrospective Index

Monumental Music Journals of the Nineteenth and Early Twentieth Centuries

The Americas Initiative

RIPM Archive

RIPM Online Archive of Music Periodicals

RIPM Full-Text Supplement

Current Initiatives

We express our gratitude to the Andrew W. Mellon Foundation

for its support of RIPM’s work on the

Monumental Music Journals of the Nineteenth and Early Twentieth Centuries.

Documents

Mellon all-projects meeting for musicology and music information retrieval New York City, 5 -7 June 2007 RIPM: Retrospective Index to Music Periodicals