Memory for General Knowledge

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Types of Long-Term Memory

Implicit Memory

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Implicit Memory

Procedural

Implicit Memory

PrimingSemantic

Repetition

Propaganda effect

Semantic vs. Episodic Memory

Episodic Memory:Memories for specific events that

you yourself were involved inCan be placed in a certain time or

location

Semantic Memory:General knowledge base

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Reconstructive Nature of Memory

Reconstructive Nature of Memory

Flashbulb Memories

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Reconstructive Nature of Memory

Eyewitness MemoryLoftus experiment 1:

Loftus experiment 2:

Reconstructive Nature of Memory

The Recovered/False Memory Debate

Memory for General KnowledgeSemantic Memory

Definitions of words Verb tenses Arithmetic facts Historical facts Scientific facts Geography facts

Evidence for Semantic vs. Episodic Memory

Type of information

Temporal aspect

Severity of context effects

Amnesia patients

Double Dissociations

Two broken TVs Function 1: Sound Function 2: Picture

TV “A” OK Not working

TV “B” Not working OK

Memory Function 1: Semantic Function 2: Episodic

Gene OK Not working

Italian woman Not working OK

The Semantic Memory Models

Hierarchical Semantic Network Model

Cognitive economyMammal

Breathes air

Dog

Bernese MountainDog

Live young

Black, white, rust fur

Four paws

Exuberant

Tail

The Semantic Memory Models

Depiction of spreading activation. Once the node for “bread” is excited, the activation travels to related nodes.

Expansion of Hierarchical Model

The Semantic Memory Models

Hierarchical Semantic Network ModelProblems with model

Hierarchy?

Mammal

Animal

Pig

“A pig is a mammal.”

“A pig is an animal.”

The Semantic Memory Models

Hierarchical Semantic Network ModelProblems with model

Typicality effect

Bird

Robin Turkey

“A turkey is a bird.”

“A robin is a bird.”

The Semantic Memory Models

Feature Comparison ModelFeatures

Defining

Characteristic

The Semantic Memory Models

Connectionists Model

Individual Neurons

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Schemata

Scripts