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Mendelian Genetics. Allele A version of a gene Dominant Allele that may mask the presence of another Recessive Allele that may be masked by another Heterozygous The 2 alleles are different Homozygous The 2 alleles are identical. P Extra Fingers. P Extra Fingers. ♂. ♀. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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Chromatin in a Normal CellChromatin in a Normal Cell(one length from each parent)(one length from each parent)
AlleleAllele A version of a geneA version of a gene
DominantDominant Allele that may mask the Allele that may mask the
presence of anotherpresence of another RecessiveRecessive
Allele that may be masked Allele that may be masked by anotherby another
HeterozygousHeterozygous The 2 alleles are differentThe 2 alleles are different
HomozygousHomozygous The 2 alleles are identicalThe 2 alleles are identical
Earlobe GeneEarlobe Gene
Melanin GeneMelanin Gene
Polydactyly GenePolydactyly Gene
FFFreeFree
ffAttachedAttached
aaAlbinoAlbino
aaalbinoalbino
PPExtraExtra
FingersFingers
PPExtraExtraFingersFingers
♂♂ ♀♀
Chromatin in a Normal CellChromatin in a Normal Cell(one length from each parent)(one length from each parent)
GenotypeGenotype The set of alleles an The set of alleles an
organism possessesorganism possesses PhenotypePhenotype
The genetic outcome The genetic outcome resulting from the genotyperesulting from the genotype
Earlobe GeneEarlobe Gene
Melanin GeneMelanin Gene
Polydactyly GenePolydactyly Gene
FFFreeFree
ffattachedattached
aaalbinoalbino
aaalbinoalbino
PPExtraExtra
FingersFingers
PPExtraExtraFingersFingers
♂♂ ♀♀
InheritanceInheritance
F
f
F
f
f
f
F
F
f
f
F
F
Exact copiesExact copies Pure bred parents
What will the F1 offspring look like?
PP x pp p pPP
P p
Phenotype = 100% PurpleGenotype = 100% Heterozygous
What will the F2 offspring look like?
Phenotype = 75% Purple 25% whiteGenotype = 100% Homo. Dominant, 50% Hetero., 25% Homo. Recessive
Dihybrid CrossDihybrid CrossGgYyGgYy
GYGY
PHENOTYPEPHENOTYPE
G-Y- : 9G-Y- : 9
G-yy : 3G-yy : 3
ggY- : 3ggY- : 3
ggyy : 1ggyy : 1
GyGy gYgY gygy
GGYYGGYY GGYyGGYy GgYYGgYY GgYyGgYyGYGY
ggYYggYY
GgYyGgYy GgyyGgyy
GgYYGgYY GgYyGgYy
GGyyGGyy
ggYyggYy
GGYyGGYyGyGy
gYgY
GgYyGgYy GgyyGgyy ggYyggYy ggyyggyygygy
Law of segregation: two Law of segregation: two alleles for a trait separate alleles for a trait separate when gametes are formedwhen gametes are formed
Law of Independent Law of Independent assortment: assortment:
Alleles of different genes Alleles of different genes separate independently of separate independently of one another during one another during gamete formation gamete formation
CodominanceCodominance Both alleles are detectable in a specimenBoth alleles are detectable in a specimen Gene:Gene: Cattle coat colorCattle coat color
AllelesAlleles
CCRR = red= red
CCWW = White= White
GenotypesGenotypes
CCRRCCRR = red coat= red coat
CCWWCCWW = white coat= white coat
CCRRCCWW = roan coat= roan coat
Multiple AllelesMultiple Alleles
More than two alleles exist for a geneMore than two alleles exist for a gene Human Blood TypeHuman Blood Type
IIAA = Type A carbs on RBC surface= Type A carbs on RBC surface IIBB = Type B carbs on RBC surface= Type B carbs on RBC surface ii = Neither type on RBC surface= Neither type on RBC surface
Multiple AllelesMultiple AllelesBlood TypeBlood Type GenotypeGenotype AntibodiesAntibodies
Universal AcceptorUniversal Acceptor
Universal DonorUniversal Donor
Linked Genes Linked Genes
Polygenic DominanceDominance
Brown overBrown over Blue overBlue over
Green Green
Chrom.15 Chrom.19
Sex linked: traits are tied to Sex linked: traits are tied to XX or or Y Y
Xr Y
XR
XR
XR XR
XR XR
Xr
Xr Y
Y
XR Y
Xr
XR XRXR
XRXr Xr
XR Y
Y
Sex linked: traits are tied to Sex linked: traits are tied to XX or or Y Y
Xr Y
XR
XR
XR XR
XR XR
Xr
Xr Y
Y
XR Y
Xr
XR XRXR
XRXr Xr
XR Y
Y
Color blindness:malesRecessive x linked Abnormal production of pigment(protein) Does not absorb red green light
Sex influencedSex influenced Trait not tied to sex chromosomeTrait not tied to sex chromosome
Autosomal chromosome produces protein which Autosomal chromosome produces protein which affects the production of other proteins. affects the production of other proteins.
Testosterone affectsTestosterone affects
the production and the production and
location of hair in males. location of hair in males.
Patterns of Inheritance Patterns of Inheritance
Polygenic: Eye color, skin color, height Polygenic: Eye color, skin color, height
Complex characters: Skin color=sun, Complex characters: Skin color=sun,
Multiple alleles: Blood typeMultiple alleles: Blood type
Incomplete Dominance: Red x White= PinkIncomplete Dominance: Red x White= Pink
X-linked: Color blindness, fruit fly eyesX-linked: Color blindness, fruit fly eyes
Sex influenced: Male pattern baldnessSex influenced: Male pattern baldness
Single alleles: Huntington’s disease, Single alleles: Huntington’s disease,