Merseyside Fire & Rescue Service Bridle Road Bootle Merseyside L30 4YD

Merseyside Fire & Rescue Service Contestable Research report:

Accidental dwelling fires in Merseyside & Cumbria

July 2006

Mott MacDonald Merseyside Information Service (MM MIS) 325 Royal Liver Building Pier Head Liverpool Merseyside L3 1JH United Kingdom T: (0151) 2364343 F: (0151) 2362521 Christopher.Young@mottmac.comMichael.Lloyd@mottmac.com

Contents 1) Executive Summary 3 2) Structure of the report 4 3) Introduction 4 4) Contextual information – ODPM rates 2001-2004 5 5) ADFs (accidental dwelling fires) in Merseyside & Cumbria 2002-05 8 6) Comparing Merseyside & Cumbria ADFs with the ID2004 12 7) ADF fatalities by CACI Acorn and PayCheck profiles 29 8) References and Acknowledgements 35 9) Appendices 36

Issue and Revision Record Rev Date Originator

Checker

Approver

Description

01 22/02/06 CY ML IG Discussion draft

02 28/03/06 CY FK IG Second draft

03 17/05/06 CY FK IG Third revision

04 12/07/06 CY FK IG FINAL

This document has been prepared for the titled project or named part thereof and should not be relied upon or used for any other project without an independent check being carried out as to its suitability and prior written authority of Mott MacDonald being obtained. Mott MacDonald accepts no responsibility or liability for the consequence of this document being used for a purpose other than the purposes for which it was commissioned. Any person using or relying on the document for such other purpose agrees, and will by such use or reliance be taken to confirm his agreement to indemnify Mott MacDonald for all loss or damage resulting therefrom. Mott MacDonald accepts no responsibility or liability for this document to any party other than the person by whom it was commissioned.

This is an unpublished work, the Copyright in which vests in Merseyside Fire & Rescue Service. All rights reserved. The information contained herein is the property of Merseyside Fire & Rescue Service, and is

supplied without liability for errors or omissions. No part may be reproduced or used except as authorised by Contract or other written permission. The Copyright and the foregoing restriction on reproduction and use

extend to all media in which information may be embodied ©

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1. Executive Summary 1.1 This report is an investigation of accidental dwelling fires and associated rescues,

injuries and fatalities compared with deprivation indicators (ID2004, CACI household income and Acorn) in Merseyside & Cumbria between 2002 & 2005. The results contribute to both the Merseyside and Cumbria Fire & Rescue Authority’s visions of ensuring safer, stronger communities.

1.2 It is widely accepted that social deprivation is either directly or indirectly related to

an increased fire risk and that the frequency of fire-related injury or deaths is higher among lower socio-economic groups (ODPM1 Research Bulletin No.4, 2004 – Social Exclusion and the Risk of Fire). Furthermore, the Research Bulletin states that this inequality is particularly marked among children and older people. Relative to national (i.e. England) Super Output Area – SOA - deprivation rankings, Merseyside is more ‘deprived’ than Cumbria ‘overall’ and across all of the domains analysed in this report, except the ‘barriers to housing & services’ domain.

1.3 The most deprived 20% SOAs in terms of the barriers to housing & services domain

(see section 6.1 for definition) relative to England, account for only 1.02% of ADFs (Accidental Dwelling Fires) in Merseyside; the corresponding figure for Cumbria is 16.04% of ADF incidents. However, in terms of the 20% least deprived SOAs in this domain, 52.67% of ADF incidents in Cumbria took place in these areas – the figure for Merseyside was 47.53%. These findings suggest that although ‘barriers to housing & services’ deprivation is certainly a factor in ADFs, in Cumbria other forms of deprivation are more influential. Rurality and remoteness in itself is not a major ‘cause’ of ADFs, but general deprivation (social factors, income etc) within rural and indeed urban areas, is.

1.4 ADF incidents are concentrated in more deprived SOAs in both Cumbria and

Merseyside, relative to overall deprivation in England. However, over 50% of ADF incidents between 2002 & 2005 occurred in just one-tenth of the most deprived SOAs in Merseyside; in Cumbria just under 18% (17.95%) of ADF incidents between 2002 & 2005 occurred in the top 10% most deprived SOAs relative to England. These results imply that overall deprivation has a greater impact upon the distribution of ADFs in Merseyside than in Cumbria.

1.5 All forms of deprivation analysed in this report (except for the barriers to housing &

services domain) have an even greater impact on the concentration of rescues, injuries & fatalities associated with ADFs, than on ADFs alone. In both Merseyside and Cumbria the proportion of ADF RIFs (rescues, injuries & fatalities) occurring in the 20% most deprived SOAs relative to England is greater than the proportion of ADFs occurring in the 20% most deprived SOAs.

1.6 46.7% of Merseyside ADF fatalities occurred in areas generally classified in the

‘Hard Pressed’ CACI Acorn socio-demographic Category. And 80% of ADF fatalities in Merseyside between 2002 and 2005 were in Output Areas (OAs) where the mean household income was below the 2005 Merseyside mean household income. However, there was a more even distribution of ADF fatalities across income brackets in Cumbria.

1 ODPM (Office of the Deputy Prime Minister) became the DCLG (Dept for Communities and Local Government) with extended & expanded powers on 9 May 2006.

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2. Structure of the report 2.1 The background to this report is discussed in the introductory text in section 3 and

is followed in section 4 by contextual supporting information from the ODPM covering England, Merseyside and Cumbria, between 2001 and 2004.

2.2 Accidental Dwelling Fire (ADF) information – individual records for ADF and

associated Rescues, Injuries and Fatalities (RIFs) - supplied by Merseyside Fire & Rescue Service (MF&RS) and Cumbria Fire & Rescue Service (CF&RS) for the period October 2002 to September 2005 is briefly summarised in section 5.

2.3 In section 6, the 2002-2005 Merseyside and Cumbria ADF information is analysed

in detail with the revised Index of Deprivation 2004 (ID2004). The revised ID2004 was released in June 2004, and is used here to discover how ADFs and ADF RIFs are distributed across each fire & rescue service area according to different measures or indices of deprivation at the Super Output Area (SOA) level. The analysis is divided into two halves; one looking at deprivation relative to England and the second relative to each fire & rescue service locality.

2.4 Merseyside ADF fatalities are compared with CACI Acorn and Paycheck income

profiles in section 7. Cumbria is also analysed against Paycheck, but not Acorn. This section of the report investigates links between household income levels, socio-demographic profiles and ADF fatalities at the small-area level. References are presented in section 8, and Appendices can be found in section 9.

3. Introduction 3.1 All Fire and Rescue Services are required to produce an Integrated Risk

Management Plan which sets out their approach to service delivery2. The information presented in this report supports key research into longer term fire safety, with particular reference to safer & stronger communities. It is widely accepted that social deprivation is either directly or indirectly related to an increased fire risk and that the frequency of fire-related injury or deaths is higher among lower socio-economic groups (ODPM Research Bulletin No.4, 2004 – Social Exclusion and the Risk of Fire). Furthermore, the Research Bulletin states that this inequality is particularly marked among children and older people.

3.2 Following on from this, the ODPM are aware that some aspects of these

phenomena remain only partially explored in the UK including research related to the influences of location – rural/urban differences in the number of fire incidents and casualties from fire.

3.3 Research conducted recently (in January and March 2005) within MF&RS by David

Robinson (MF&RS Business Intelligence Unit, Strategic Planning Department)

2 http://www.merseyfire.gov.uk/pages/IRMP/IRMP.htm http://www.cumbria.gov.uk/fireservice/irmp/default.asp

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concluded that anomalies exist in our understanding of fire risk and links to deprivation, which might be examined by further detailed analysis. For example, South Yorkshire are the best performing F&RS, in terms of accidental dwelling fires per head of population, and yet the area has a relatively high Index of Deprivation score.

3.4 CF&RS were identified by MF&RS as suitable partners for comparative analysis

because of the opportunity to investigate any differences and/or similarities in ADFs, RIFs and deprivation, given the contrasting urban and rural aspects of the two areas. The services also both operate in the same North West region of England and have existing organisational links.

3.5 This report is therefore an analysis of Fire statistics (ADFs and associated RIFs) in

Merseyside and Cumbria at both the Fire & Rescue Service (County) level and below, using SOA building blocks. These fire statistics will be analysed and compared with the revised ID2004; i.e. the ‘overall’ ID2004 and selected domains.

4. Contextual Information – ODPM accidental dwelling fire

(ADFs) rates in England, Merseyside and Cumbria 2001 to 2004

4.1 This section presents ‘official’ statistics published by the ODPM, primarily to provide

background information to support the later sections of this report. The most recent annual data available refers to 2004. Therefore, the 2001-2004 ODPM time series is not directly comparable with the 2002-2005 time series supplied by MF&RS and CF&RS. The 2002-05 time series was compiled for Mott MacDonald Merseyside Information Service (MM MIS) by information specialists in each F&RS from individual incident records (see section 5). Please note that all the rates per 1000 population, presented in the charts below, were calculated using 2003 mid-year population estimates from ONS (Office for National Statistics). ADF statistics from the ODPM are presented in Appendix 1.

4.2 Figure 4.1 shows the rate of accidental dwelling fires per 1000 population in

Cumbria, Merseyside and England from 2001-2004. Merseyside and Cumbria have continuously had a higher rate of fires compared to England during this period, with Merseyside rates remaining higher than the rates for Cumbria. From 2001-2004, the rates for all areas have remained fairly consistent, although there were reductions in all three geographies between 2003 and 2004.

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Figure 4.1 ADF rates in England, Cumbria and Merseyside 2001-04

Accidental Dwelling ( 1) Fires 2001-2004

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0.20

0.40

0.60

0.80

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1.20

1.40

2001 2002(2) 2003(2) 2004(p)

Year

Rat

e pe

r 100

0 po

pula

tion

England Cumbria Merseyside

1 Includes caravans, houseboats and other non-building structures used as a permanent dwelling 2 Includes estimates for incidents not recorded during periods of industrial action. p Provisional

4.3 The following graph shows the rate of fatal casualties in accidental dwelling fires per

1000 population in Cumbria, Merseyside and England from 2001-2004. Rates of fatalities in accidental dwelling fires per 1000 population in England are low although there have been minor fluctuations in the rates across all geographies shown in Figure 4.2. These fluctuations are accentuated in Merseyside and Cumbria because of the very low numbers involved.

Figure 4.2 ADF fatal casualty rates in England, Cumbria and Merseyside 2001-04

Fatal Casulaties in Accidental Dwelling ( 1) Fires 2001-2004

0.0000

0.0020

0.0040

0.0060

0.0080

0.0100

0.0120

2001 2002(2) 2003(2) 2004(3)(p)

Year

Rat

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0 po

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tion

England Cumbria Merseyside

1 Includes caravans, houseboats and other non-building structures used as a permanent dwelling 2 Includes fatalities reported during periods of industrial action. 3 The 2004 data for fatalities are subject to revision p Provisional

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4.4 Figure 4.3 shows the rate of non-fatal casualties in accidental dwelling fires per 1000 population in Cumbria, Merseyside and England from 2001-2004.

Figure 4.3 ADF non-fatal casualty rates in England, Cumbria and Merseyside 2001-2004

Non-fatal casualties in Accidental Dwelling ( 1) Fires 2001-2004

0.000.050.100.150.200.25

0.300.350.400.450.50

2001 2002(2) 2003(2) 2004(p)

Year

Rat

e pe

r 100

0 po

pula

tion

England Cumbria Merseyside

1 Includes caravans, houseboats and other non-building structures used as a permanent dwelling 2 Includes estimates for incidents not recorded during periods of industrial action. p Provisional

4.5 Rates of non-fatal casualties in accidental dwelling fires per 1000 population in

England fell slightly between 2001 and 2004. Rates in Merseyside were consistently higher than those in Cumbria and England. Rates in Cumbria were lower than the England rate each year from 2001 to 2004, with Merseyside experiencing more than double the rate of non-fatal casualties in accidental dwelling fires than Cumbria in 2004. However, Figure 4.3 reveals that there was a large reduction (greater than 0.1 per 1000 population) in non-fatal casualty rates between 2001 and 2004 in Merseyside. During the same period the non-fatal casualty rate in Cumbria has remained relatively static.

4.6 Figures 4.4 and 4.5, present further background information and provide additional

perspective regarding some of the findings found later on in this report. 2004 mid-year population estimates (MYE) from the ONS show that there were 653,900 males and 711,900 females in Merseyside compared to 241,900 males and 252,900 females in Cumbria. Figure 4.4 shows that males in the 15-19 and females in the 40-44 age bands represent 7.7% and 7.5% respectively of the total population in Merseyside in 2004. Figure 4.5 shows that males in both the 40-44 and 55-59 age bands, and females in the 40-44 age band represent 7.8% and 7.4% respectively of the total population in Cumbria in 2004. It can also be seen, when comparing Figures 4.4 and 4.5 that there is a ‘bulge’ in all (male & female) age bands from 35-39 onwards in Cumbria. Similarly, a higher proportion of the Merseyside population falls in the younger age bands (again for both male & female) below 30-34 inclusive indicating a generally ‘younger’ population relative to Cumbria.

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Figure 4.4 Merseyside population pyramid 2004 (ONS MYE)

Population in Merseyside 2004

10 8 6 4 2 0 2 4 6 8 10

0 to 4

15 to 19

30 to 34

45 to 49

60 to 64

75 to 79

Age

Population (%)Male Female

Figure 4.5 Cumbria population pyramid 2004 (ONS MYE)

Population in Cumbria 2004

10 8 6 4 2 0 2 4 6 8 10

0 to 4

15 to 19

30 to 34

45 to 49

60 to 64

75 to 79

Age

Population (%)Male Female

5. Accidental dwelling fires (ADFs) in Merseyside and

Cumbria, October 2002 to September 2005 5.1 MF&RS provided detailed ADF statistics – including grid references - to MM MIS for

the period 1st October 2002 to 30th September 2005. The data included both ADF incidents and associated rescues, injuries and fatalities (RIFs). There were a total of 6,737 ADF incidents (average 2,245 per year) and 967 RIFs (average 322.3 per year) associated with these ADF incidents in this 3-year period. This means that 14.4% of all ADF incidents involved rescues, injuries or fatalities in Merseyside between 2002 and 2005.

5.2 CF&RS provided detailed ADF statistics – including grid references - to MM MIS

over a five year period, but for a true comparison with Merseyside only those occurring between 1st October 2002 and 30th September 2005 were selected for analysis. There were a total of 1,365 ADF incidents (average 455 per year) and 236

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RIFs (average 78.7 per year) associated with these incidents in this 3-year period. This means that 17.3% of all ADF incidents involved rescues, injuries or fatalities in Cumbria between 2002 and 2005.

5.3 Before analysing links between deprivation, ADFs and RIFs in Merseyside and

Cumbria the following sections first look at general patterns in the 2002-2005 datasets which were provided to MM MIS by MF&RS and CF&RS.

5.4 Figures 5.1 to 5.4 show the quarterly distributions of ADFs and RIFs in Merseyside

and Cumbria. Due to the data supply period of October 2002 to September 2005 only two of the annual periods (2003 and 2004) contain complete quarterly ‘breakdowns’ although the tables and graphs do show a quarterly or seasonal distribution based upon a 3-year time series per quarter.

5.5 ADFs in Merseyside therefore appear to peak in the October to December quarter

(Figure 5.1) although this pattern is more marked in Cumbria, where there is a definite ‘trough’ in the summer period (Apr-Sept) as shown in Figure 5.2. The quarterly distribution of ADFs in Cumbria therefore suggests, for example, that the summer tourist high season has little effect on ADF incidents.

Figure 5.1 Quarterly distribution of ADFs in Merseyside

Jan-Mar

April-June

Jul -Sep

Oct-Dec

2002 n/a n/a n/a 5962003 606 686 613 6862004 617 597 512 5862005 525 372 341 n/a

SUM 1748 1655 1466 1868

Merseyside ADF 2002-2005

0

500

1000

1500

2000

Jan-Mar April-June Jul -Sep Oct-Dec

Quarter

Cou

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Figure 5.2 Quarterly distribution of ADFs in Cumbria

Jan-Mar

April-June

Jul -Sep

Oct-Dec

2002 n/a n/a n/a 1262003 110 112 119 1252004 110 106 94 1152005 132 109 107 n/a

SUM 352 327 320 366

Cumbria ADF 2002-2005

290

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310

320

330

340

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360

370

Jan-Mar April-June Jul -Sep Oct-Dec

Quarter

Cou

nt

5.6 The quarterly pattern of RIFs in Merseyside is identical to that for ADFs, with a peak in Oct-Dec and a trough in Jul-Sep. The second highest period is Jan-Mar followed by Apr-Jun (Figure 5.3). Conversely, the quarterly pattern of RIFs in Cumbria shown in Figure 5.4 is almost the complete reverse of the ADF incident distribution. There is a peak in Jul-Sep and a trough in Oct-Dec, although the numbers are lower therefore affecting the range of statistics; i.e. the difference between the peak and nadir quarters in Cumbria is 21 RIFs (73 minus 52) compared to 66 in Merseyside (271 minus 205). However, the Cumbria statistics suggest that although incidents are lower in the ‘summer’ tourist season the number of RIFs increases, especially between July and September.

Figure 5.3 Quarterly distribution of RIFs in Merseyside

Jan-Mar

April-June

Jul -Sep

Oct-Dec

2002 n/a n/a n/a 882003 112 86 50 762004 78 79 67 1072005 61 75 88 n/a

SUM 251 240 205 271

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Merseyside RIFs 2002-2005

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250

300

Jan-Mar April-June Jul -Sep Oct-Dec

Quarter

Cou

nt

Figure 5.4 Quarterly distribution of RIFs in Cumbria

Jan-Mar

April-June

Jul -Sep

Oct-Dec

2002 n/a n/a n/a 162003 17 17 28 192004 18 17 17 172005 21 21 28 n/a

SUM 56 55 73 52

Cumbria RIFs 2002-2005

0

10

20

3040

50

60

70

80

Jan-Mar April-June Jul -Sep Oct-Dec

Quarter

Cou

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5.7 Additional but peripheral detailed analysis of ADF and RIF information is presented in

Appendix 2.

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6. Comparing Merseyside and Cumbria ADFs to the Index of

Deprivation 2004 (ID2004) 6.1 The ID2004, released by the ODPM, is a measure of deprivation which uses a

range of indicators across seven domain indices, which are:

• Income • Employment • Health Deprivation and Disability • Education, Skills and Training • Barriers to Housing and Services • Crime • Living Environment Each domain is constructed from ‘sub-domains’ which consist of a range of indicators. For example, the barriers to housing & services domain can be broken down into two sub domains. The first, ‘wider barriers’ is derived from; Household overcrowding (2001, Source: 2001 Census), LA level percentage of households for whom a decision on their application for assistance under the homeless provisions of housing legislation has been made, assigned to the constituent SOAs (2002, Source: ODPM) and Difficulty of Access to owner-occupation (2002). The second, ‘geographical barriers’ is derived from; Road distance to GP premises (May 2003, Source: National Health Service Information Authority), Road distance to a supermarket or convenience store (December 2002, Source: MapInfo Ltd), Road distance to a primary school (2001-02, Source: DfES) and Road distance to a Post Office (End of March 2003, Source: Post Office Ltd).

6.2 There is also an ‘overall’ Index of Multiple Deprivation 2004 which is a combination

of the seven domain indices and two supplementary indices; the Income Deprivation Affecting Children Index (IDAC) and the Income Deprivation Affecting Older People Index (IDAOP) which are both subsets of the Income Domain. Each SOA for England is ranked from the most deprived (i.e. 1) to the least deprived (i.e. 32,482) in terms of its indicator scores across each of the seven domains and the overall ID2004. It is therefore possible that an SOA ranked highly in terms of crime (i.e. deprived) may not be ranked as highly in terms of the other domains. The ‘overall’ ID2004 is an attempt to encapsulate a single measure of deprivation for each SOA in England.

6.3 Figure 6.1 shows how selected ID2004 domains in Merseyside and Cumbria

contrast when the top 3% of SOAs are ranked in each area. It is evident that in terms of overall deprivation, the living environment, index affecting children (IDAC) and index affecting older people (IDAOP) domains, the top 3% of Merseyside SOAs (i.e. most deprived 27 of the 905 SOAs) are also some of the highest ranked SOAs in the country and yellow shading highlights the domains where deprivation is highest in both Merseyside and Cumbria. For example, the 27 most deprived SOAs in Merseyside are also in the ‘worst’ 57 SOAs in England, according to the overall ID2004 (please also see Figure 6.2 for reference). The top 3% Merseyside SOAs for the IDAOP contain SOAs ranked between 60 and 405 nationally. Conversely,

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the top 3% of SOAs in Cumbria (10 of 322) for the Barriers to Housing and Services domain contain SOAs ranked between 19 and 95 nationally. The corresponding range for Merseyside is 2666 to 9709 indicating that Cumbria suffers much more in terms of ‘barriers to housing and services’ deprivation, probably reflecting the rural nature of the county. Appendix 3 contains a list of the 343 SOAs in Merseyside which are in the top 10% most deprived SOAs compared to the rest of England.

Figure 6.1 - Range of SOA rankings in top 3% by area Overall

ID2004 Barriers to Housing and Services

Living Environment

Index affecting children

Index affecting older people

Merseyside (27/905 SOAs = top 3%)*

1 - 57 2666 - 9709 1 - 57 4 – 92 60 - 405

Cumbria (10/322 SOAs = top 3%)*

240 - 1421 19 - 95 368 - 1269 340 – 1773 1991 - 3829

*subject to rounding (NB – For each domain 1 is most deprived, 32482 is least deprived) Figure 6.2 – Top 3% (27/905) deprived SOAs in Merseyside ordered by rank and by ward Ordered by Rank Ordered alphabetically by ward

Lower SOA

ID 2004 Overall Rank (Merseyside)

ID 2004 Overall Rank (England)

2001 Ward name

E01006559 1 1 Breckfield E01006755 2 3 Speke E01006468 3 7 Princess E01006676 4 8 Granby E01006561 5 10 Breckfield E01006778 6 13 Vauxhall E01006469 7 14 Princess

E01006436 8 15 Kirkby Central

E01006599 9 22 Clubmoor E01007122 10 23 Bidston E01006647 11 26 Everton E01006777 12 27 Vauxhall E01006515 13 29 Abercromby E01006703 14 32 Melrose E01006646 15 33 Everton E01006704 16 34 Melrose E01006563 17 38 Breckfield E01006560 18 39 Breckfield E01006598 19 41 Clubmoor E01006467 20 42 Princess E01006750 21 46 Smithdown E01006494 22 50 Tower Hill E01006493 23 51 Tower Hill E01006674 24 53 Granby E01006442 25 54 Longview E01007124 26 56 Bidston E01007132 27 57 Birkenhead

Lower SOA

ID 2004 Overall Rank (Merseyside)

2001 Ward name

E01006515 13 Abercromby E01007122 10 Bidston E01007124 26 Bidston E01007132 27 Birkenhead E01006559 1 Breckfield E01006561 5 Breckfield E01006563 17 Breckfield E01006560 18 Breckfield E01006599 9 Clubmoor E01006598 19 Clubmoor E01006647 11 Everton E01006646 15 Everton E01006676 4 Granby E01006674 24 Granby

E01006436 8 Kirkby Central

E01006442 25 Longview E01006703 14 Melrose E01006704 16 Melrose E01006468 3 Princess E01006469 7 Princess E01006467 20 Princess E01006750 21 Smithdown E01006755 2 Speke E01006494 22 Tower Hill E01006493 23 Tower Hill E01006778 6 Vauxhall E01006777 12 Vauxhall

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6.4 Figure 6.3 maps the fact that in terms of overall deprivation, 192 SOAs in Merseyside are in the top 3% ‘most deprived’ in England (please note that 3% of all the English SOAs – i.e. 32482 – equals 974 SOAs). This compares with only 7 SOAs in Cumbria having similar high levels of deprivation (see Figure 6.4). However, it can be seen that higher levels of overall deprivation (top 20%) tend to be concentrated in towns/cities such as Barrow-in-Furness and Carlisle.

Figure 6.3 Merseyside Overall ID2004 rank compared to the most deprived SOAs in England

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Figure 6.4 Cumbria Overall ID2004 rank compared to the most deprived SOAs in England

6.5 Conversely, deprivation in terms of ‘barriers to housing & services’ is not high in

Merseyside, with only 11 SOAs appearing in the top 20% ‘most deprived’ in England (i.e. the top 6,496 out of 32,482 SOAs). Cumbria displays much higher levels of deprivation for this domain when compared to England, with 31 SOAs ranked in the top 3% in the entire country (see Figure 6.6). Changing the focus of the analysis to deprivation ‘within’ Cumbria alone, has the effect of diluting deprivation in terms of the ‘barriers to housing & services’ domain because only 10 SOAs are represented in the top 3% ‘most deprived’ (please also refer to Figure 6.1).

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Figure 6.5 Merseyside ID2004 ‘Barriers to housing & services’ domain rank compared to the most deprived SOAs in England

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Figure 6.6 Cumbria ID2004 ‘Barriers to housing & services’ domain rank compared to the most deprived SOAs in England

6.6 The individual SOAs and ID2004 rankings which lie behind Figure 6.1 are analysed

in the following paragraphs in combination with the disaggregate ADF data supplied to MM MIS by MF&RS and CF&RS (discussed in Section 5). Both the incident datasets and the RIFs datasets for the period Oct02-Sept05 were matched with SOA level ID2004 information in order to gauge the concentration levels of ADF incidents against deprivation relative to England in each of the two F&RS areas. The analysis was conducted by comparing ADF incidents and associated RIFs with the English SOA ID2004 rankings; i.e. the most deprived 3%, 5%, 10% and 20% and least deprived 20% of SOAs.

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6.7 The following charts (Figures 6.7 to 6.10) therefore show how ADF incidents and associated RIFs are concentrated in the most and least deprived parts of the respective F&RS areas, relative to England.

6.8 It is evident from Figure 6.7 that 31.5% of Cumbria ADF incidents are concentrated

in the 20% ‘most deprived’ SOAs when compared to the England overall ID2004 rank. In contrast however, in excess of 50% of ADF incidents took place in the 20% ‘least deprived’ SOAs in terms of the ‘barriers to housing & services’ England rank between 2002 and 2005.

Figure 6.7 Proportion of Cumbria ADF incidents (2002-2005) in the most and least

deprived SOAs relative to England

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% o

f inc

iden

ts

Overall IMD Barriers to housing &services

Living Environment IDAC IDAOP

ID2004 domain

Cumbria proportion of ADF incidents by 'most' and 'least' deprived SOAs in England

"most deprived" 3%

"most deprived" 5%

"most deprived" 10%

"most deprived" 20%

"least deprived" 20%

6.9 In terms of the overall ID2004 and each of the separate domains under

investigation in this report, over 50% (almost 60% in the case of the ‘overall ID2004’) of all Merseyside ADF incidents occurred in SOAs ranked in the 20% ‘most deprived’ between 2002 and 2005 (see Figure 6.7). In fact, 51.34% of ADF incidents in Merseyside occurred in the 10% most deprived SOAs (overall ID2004). Displaying a similar pattern to Cumbria, 47.53% of ADF incidents in Merseyside also occurred in SOAs ranked in the 20% ‘least deprived’ in England under the ‘barriers to housing & services’ domain. For reference purposes Appendix 4 reproduces an index map of the 20% most and 20% least deprived SOAs in Merseyside relative to England, and also includes lookup maps showing the location of Merseyside lower-level SOAs in relation to both 2001 and 2004 local authority ward boundaries.

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Figure 6.8 Proportion of Merseyside ADF incidents (2002-2005) in the most and least

deprived SOAs relative to England

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Overall IMD Barriers to housing &services

Living Environment IDAC IDAOP

ID2004 domain

Merseyside proportion of ADF incidents by 'most' and 'least' deprived SOAs in England

"most deprived" 3%

"most deprived" 5%

"most deprived" 10%"most deprived" 20%

"least deprived" 20%

6.10 Patterns of RIFs resulting from ADFs in both Merseyside and Cumbria are similar to

those of actual ADF incidents in these F&RS areas when looking at the distribution of RIFs, compared with the most and least deprived SOAs in England (Figures 6.9 and 6.10). However, they are even more highly concentrated in deprived areas in terms of the overall ID2004 and the ‘living environment’, IDAC and IDAOP domains. For example, over 70% of Merseyside ADF RIFs occurred in SOAs ranked in the 20% ‘most deprived’ in England between 2002 and 2005. The proportion of ADF RIFs occurring in SOAs ranked in the 20% ‘least deprived’ in England in terms of the ‘barriers to housing & services’ domain was slightly lower than the concentration displayed by actual ADF incidents; in Cumbria 50.85% compared to 52.67% and in Merseyside, 41.99% compared with 47.53%.

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Figure 6.9 Proportion of Cumbria ADF RIFs (2002-2005) in the most and least deprived SOAs relative to England

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cues

, inj

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s, fa

talit

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Overall IMD Barriers to housing &services

Living Environment IDAC IDAOP

ID2004 domain

Cumbria proportion of ADF rescues, injuries, fatalities by 'most' and 'least' deprived SOAs in England

"most deprived" 3%"most deprived" 5%"most deprived" 10%"most deprived" 20%"least deprived" 20%

Figure 6.10 Proportion of Merseyside ADF RIFs (2002-2005) in the most and least

deprived SOAs relative to England

0.00

10.00

20.00

30.00

40.00

50.00

60.00

70.00

80.00

% o

f res

cues

, inj

urie

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ies

Overall IMD Barriers to housing &services

Living Environment IDAC IDAOP

ID2004 domain

Merseyside proportion of ADF rescues, injuries, fatalities by 'most' and 'least' deprived SOAs in England

"most deprived" 3%"most deprived" 5%"most deprived" 10%"most deprived" 20%"least deprived" 20%

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6.11 It is evident from figures 6.7 to 6.10 that there is some correlation between deprivation and ADFs & RIFs in both Cumbria and Merseyside, but this effect is more marked in the latter. For example, in both areas, more than 20% of ADFs & RIFs occur in the 20% most deprived SOAs except in terms of barriers to housing & services and the concentration is greater for RIFs than for ADFs. In additional terms of barriers to housing services, this deprivation domain appears to have a minimal effect in Merseyside compared to Cumbria although even in this more ‘rural’ area less than 20% of ADFs and RIFs are concentrated in the 20% most deprived SOAs relative to England.

6.12 Figures 6.11 to 6.18 represent the 2002-2005 ADF and RIF statistics provided to

MM MIS by MF&RS and CF&RS at both district level (in terms of rates per 1000 population) and SOA level (in terms of incident counts). It is clear that in Merseyside, Liverpool district experiences higher rates of ADFs and RIFs but that there are pockets or hotspots dispersed throughout Merseyside at SOA level. It is also evident that there are some SOAs which did not have any ADFs during 2002-2005, despite being located in deprived areas (see Figure 6.12 and Section 7.8). In general, the maps geographically represent the broad correlation between ADFs, RIFs and deprivation on Merseyside.

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Figure 6.11 Merseyside ADFs 2002-05 by district

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Figure 6.12 Merseyside ADFs 2002-05 by SOA

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Figure 6.13 Merseyside RIFs 2002-05 by district

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Figure 6.14 Merseyside RIFs 2002-05 by SOA

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Figure 6.15 Cumbria ADFs 2002-05 by district

6.13 It is evident that in Cumbria, Carlisle district experiences higher rates of ADFs and

RIFs but that there are pockets or hotspots dispersed throughout Cumbria at SOA level, particularly in towns such as Whitehaven and Workington.

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Figure 6.16 Cumbria ADFs 2002-05 by SOA

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Figure 6.17 Cumbria RIFs 2002-05 by district

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Figure 6.18 Cumbria RIFs 2002-05 by SOA

7. ADF Fatalities in Merseyside and Cumbria by CACI Acorn

classifications and CACI household income (PayCheck data)

7.1 Acorn and PayCheck are commercially licensed databases produced by CACI

(www.caci.co.uk). Acorn is a geodemographic and consumer targeting tool, used to identify and understand the UK population and the demand for products and services. Public sector agencies and businesses can use this information to improve their understanding of ‘customers’ and target markets. ACORN stands for

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“A Classification of Residential Neighbourhoods”. Acorn categorises all 1.9 million UK postcodes, which have been described using over 125 demographic statistics within England, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland, and 287 lifestyle variables. It places almost the entire UK population (some postcodes, mainly communal populations representing around 0.3% of the UK population, are defined as unclassified) into 5 Categories, 17 Groups and 56 Types. In summary, over 400 variables were used to build Acorn and describe the different Acorn types. Of these variables, 30% were sourced from the 2001 Census. The remainder were derived from CACI’s consumer lifestyle databases, which cover all of the UK’s 46 million adults and 23 million households.

7.2 Summary text commentaries are available for each of the 17 Groups and further

detailed index scores, demographic and geographic location features are provided for the 56 individual Types. The detailed scores, represented as an index against the UK average are classified in terms of housing, families, education & work, ethnicity, interests, finance, holidays, PC & internet and media. To use the media classification as an illustrative example, it includes the following descriptives, each one UK indexed:

• Have cable TV • Have satellite TV • Daily Express • The Sun • Telegraph • The Guardian • The Sunday Times • Financial Times

A brief summary of Acorn Categories is included in Appendix 5, which also shows how the categories, groups and types are related to each other. A higher numbered type relates to generally greater deprivation and the category definitions are self-explanatory; ‘wealthy achievers’ are generally less deprived than the ‘hard pressed’.

7.3 Paycheck is CACI’s household income model of gross income before tax and

covers income from every source, including investments, income support and welfare. It profiles income at all 1.7 million individual postcodes. CACI also publish an annual ‘Wealth of the Nation’ (WoN) report from which consistent local authority district figures can be extracted. The latest 2005 WoN report is the 8th since 1996. Paycheck modelling focuses on estimating income levels for small areas and is based on annually updated survey data.

7.4 This section of the report looks in more detail at the relatively low number, but often

highly publicised occurrence of fatalities in each F&RS area. The following CACI Acorn and PayCheck analysis investigates if these ‘classification’ systems also correspond to increased concentrations of ADF fatalities.

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Figure 7.1 - Merseyside ADF fatalities according to CACI Acorn ‘Category’ Category Number Wealthy Achievers 2Urban Prosperity 4Comfortably Off 5Moderate Means 13Hard Pressed 21Total 45

7.5 According to Figure 7.1, 46.7% (21/45) of the Merseyside ADF fatalities occurred in

SOA derived areas generally classified in the ‘Hard Pressed’ Acorn Category. 75.5% (34/45) of ADF fatalities were in combined Categories classified as the most deprived – Moderate Means and Hard Pressed. Incidents and RIFs can be more accurately classified, when a full and validated postcode is available. Most of the Merseyside records included a full address but did not always contain a complete postcode. Nevertheless, this analysis provides valuable information regarding the nature of areas where fatalities have tended to occur in Merseyside between 2002 and 2005.

Figure 7.2 - Merseyside ADF fatalities according to CACI mean household income Income bracket Count 10001-15000 315001-20000 920001-25000 1525001-30000 1330000 plus 5Total 45Range = £12,715 - £36,539

7.6 36 of the 45 (i.e. 80%) ADF fatalities in Merseyside between 2002 and 2005 were in

Output Areas (OAs) where the mean household income was below the 2005 Merseyside mean household income of £27,061 (Figure 7.2 summarises OA income into income bands). Only 2 of 45 fatalities were in OAs which had a mean household income greater than the UK mean (£31,200).

Figure 7.3 - Cumbria ADF fatalities according to CACI mean household income Income bracket Count 10001-15000 115001-20000 320001-25000 125001-30000 030000 plus 6Total 11Range = £11,838 - £38,491

7.7 5 of the 11 (i.e. 45%) fatalities which occurred in Cumbria between 2002 & 2005,

were in Output Areas (OAs) where the mean household income fell below the Cumbria mean (£27,617) and these results are summarised in Figure 7.3. The same percentage of fatalities was found in OAs which had a mean income greater than the UK mean (£31,200). Figure 7.4 shows the CACI mean household income in 2005 for each district in Merseyside and Cumbria, as well as the UK average.

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Figure 7.4 – Reference table of mean household income 2005 (CACI Wealth of the Nation Report 2005) Area Mean household

income 2005 (£) UK 31,200 Merseyside 27,061 Cumbria 27,617 Knowsley 25,328 Liverpool 25,251 Sefton 29,018 St Helens 27,868 Wirral 28,326 Allerdale 27,167 Barrow-in-Furness 24,325 Carlisle 26,886 Copeland 27,560 Eden 28,808 South Lakeland 30,377 Source: CACI PayCheck, published in 2005 Wealth of the Nation report

7.8 It is interesting to note that some SOAs in Merseyside and Cumbria did not suffer

from any ADFs between 2002 and 2005. In order to present an example illustration of the features of these SOAs, the following text draws upon the 7 SOAs in Liverpool district on Merseyside which did not experience any ADFs from Oct 2002 to Sept 2005.

7.9 Most of the SOAs fall into the ‘Flourishing families’ group (H) with one each in the

‘Struggling families’ group (N) and ‘Secure families’ group (C). 5 of the 7 SOAs fall into the ‘Comfortably Off’ modal category (i.e. the most frequently occurring category of all the unit postcodes within each SOA). One SOA is in the ‘Wealthy Achievers’ modal category, whilst one is in the ‘Hard Pressed’ modal category. According to the ONS, lower SOAs have a “minimum size of 1,000 residents and 400 households, but average 1,500 residents” which implies that on ‘average’ each lower SOA will have 600 households (assuming 2.5 residents per household). It can be seen in Figure 7.5 that 5 of the Liverpool SOAs which did not experience an ADF during the study period have fewer households than the average Lower SOA.

Figure 7.5 Features of the SOAs in Liverpool where no ADFs occurred between 2002 and 2005 Lower SOA Code

ID2004 overall rank

2001 Ward

2001 Ward Code

ACORN TYPE

BY SOA

GROUP ACORN (SOA) MODE CATEGORY

CACI no. of households

estimate 2005

E01006621 9006 Croxteth BYFM 9 C 1 – Wealthy Achievers 579 E01006651 18761 Fazakerley BYFR 10 H 3 – Comfortably Off 548 E01006668 14791 Gilmoss BYFS 26 H 3 - Comfortably Off 592 E01006589 14474 Church BYFJ 29 H 3 – Comfortably Off 613 E01006773 10957 Valley BYGG 30 H 3 - Comfortably Off 584 E01006616 1870 County BYFL 47 N 5 – Hard Pressed 621 E01006639 5964 Dovecot BYFP 47/28 H 3 - Comfortably Off 589

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7.10 The Acorn ‘types’ described in Figure 7.5 are listed by CACI as follows:

− 9 Older families, prosperous suburbs − 10 Well-off working families with mortgages − 26 Younger white collar couples with mortgages − 28 Working families with mortgages − 29 Mature families in suburban areas − 30 Established home owning workers − 47 Low income families, terraced estates

7.11 On some occasions there is an equal split of Acorn types (e.g. 47/28) and no single

modal category and in other areas the SOA modal type may well be in a different group to the SOA modal group which is the situation in E01006651 in Fazakerley. Postcode pockets of Acorn types, which on their own do not outnumber Type 10, may well exceed the dominant type within an SOA when combined together, hence the modal Group H, Category 3. This scenario highlights the generalised nature of neighbourhood classification at SOA level.

7.12 It is also evident from Figure 7.5 that although most of the SOAs are not necessarily

‘deprived’ (falling somewhere in the middle of the 32,482 SOAs in England ranked according to overall deprivation in the ID2004), one SOA – E01006616 – located in the 2001 census County ward, is ranked within the top 6% most deprived SOAs in England. According to the results presented earlier in this report, this SOA would be expected to contain at least some ADFs. Of course, there are always exceptions but each of the 7 SOAs could be investigated further to establish reasons, other than random probability, why they might not have suffered from an ADF. For information, Figure 7.6 presents location details of SOA E01006616 in Liverpool.

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Figure 7.6 Location of one of seven SOAs in Liverpool which did not experience any ADFs between 2002 and 2005

MF&CDA OS Licence No. 100026956

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8. References and Acknowledgements Arson Control Forum – Research Bulletin No. 4; Social Exclusion and the Risk of Fire, Office of the Deputy Prime Minister, April 2004. http://www.odpm.gov.uk/pub/192/ResearchBulletinNo4SocialExclusionandtheRiskofFirePDF96Kb_id1125192.pdf Arson Control Forum – Research Bulletin No. 4; Social Exclusion and the Risk of Fire: Technical Annex, Office of the Deputy Prime Minister, August 2004. http://www.odpm.gov.uk/pub/193/ResearchBulletinNo4SocialExclusionandtheRiskofFireTechincalAnnexPDF118Kb_id1125193.pdf CACI Acorn User Guide - http://www.caci.co.uk/pdfs/new%20acorn%20brochure.pdf CACI PayCheck Guide - http://www.caci.co.uk/pdfs/caci_paycheckf.pdf Robinson, David (Business Intelligence Unit, Strategic Planning Dept., MF&RS) – January/March 2005 – Reports analysing the relationship of accidental dwelling fires per 10000 population and the Indices of Multiple Deprivation. Unpublished Research. Mott MacDonald MIS would like to thank Deb Appleton, John Curtis and Sandra Robinson (all of Merseyside Fire & Rescue Service) and Catriona MacGillivray and Dawn Docx (both of Cumbria Fire & Rescue Service) for their assistance towards the completion of this report.

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9. Appendices Appendix 1 Published ODPM ADF statistics The table below shows the general decrease in ADFs and casualties across England between 2001 & 2004, which may be a reflection of the increase in community fire safety activity.

ADF statistics 2001-2004 in England, Cumbria & Merseyside (ODPM) 2001 20023 20033 20044p

ADF1 England 43,351 40,554 40,224 38,413Cumbria 453 473 472 420Merseyside 1,796 1,605 1,598 1,491Fatal casualties in ADF England 321 265 302 232Cumbria 5 2 3 3Merseyside 13 10 8 10Non-fatal casualties in ADF England 9,294 8,766 8,212 7,734Cumbria 64 53 73 65Merseyside 586 445 408 406Source: ODPM Fire statistics monitor – Tables 4a-4c (downloaded October 2005) 1Includes caravans, houseboats and other non-building structures used as a permanent dwelling 3Includes fatalities reported and estimates for incidents not recorded during periods of industrial action 4The 2004 data for fatalities are subject to revision pProvisional

Appendix 2 CF&RS ADF and RIF further analysis 2002-2005 With respect to the source of an ADF 33.7% of ADFs in Cumbria between October 2002 and September 2005 were started by rings/hot plates, followed by grills. Cigarettes, cigars or tobacco were the third highest source of ADFs during this period and accounted for 6.7% of all ADF incidents (Figure A2.1). Figure A2.2 shows the room of origin of Cumbria ADFs and type of property involved. Between 2002 and 2005 almost 70% of ADFs started in the kitchen and 61.2% were in a “house” although information relating to type of house (e.g. terraced, semi-detached, detached etc) was not included in the data supplied to MM MIS (see Figure A2.3). Figure A2.1 Cumbria source, room of origin, property type

SOURCE OF FIRE Count % Ring - hot plate 460 33.7 Grill 194 14.2 Cigarettes - cigars - tobacco etc 91 6.7 Oven 68 5.0 Grill - toaster - roaster - barbecue - toasted san 44 3.2 Chimney - stove pipe - flue - domestic fire 41 3.0

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Microwave oven 41 3.0 Fixed mains wiring - after meter 33 2.4 Not known (stated) - 'doubtful' 27 2.0 Washing machines 24 1.8 Tumble drier for other drying see 523 - spin drier 23 1.7 Candle Inc all night lights except for keeping foo 21 1.5 Fixed mains wiring - before meter/external 20 1.5 Other or unspecified part of cooker (but code 271 16 1.2 Switchgear Inc meter - fuse - junction box - busba 15 1.1 Paint stripper - blow lamp - flame gun - hot air g 13 1.0 Television set (only) 13 1.0 Immersion heater - hot water tank - hot water pipe 11 0.8 0.0 Cigarette lighter 11 0.8 Boiler 10 0.7 Radiant heater - fire in grate Inc drip feed – LPG 10 0.7 Other or unspecified - Inc storage heater – infra 10 0.7 Ashes - soot – slag 9 0.7 Matches 9 0.7 Refrigerator (including commercial) Inc ice making 8 0.6 Geyser/instant hot water installation Inc shower u 7 0.5 Lead to appliance includes extension leads 7 0.5 Other or unspecified wire and cable 7 0.5 Other naked light Inc fire lighter - naked flame 7 0.5 Dishwashing machine Inc Bed pan washer 6 0.4 Tumble drier/washing machine combination 6 0.4 Electric blanket and bed-warmer Waterbed heating e 6 0.4 combustion stove 6 0.4 Convector - radiator - Inc greenhouse heater - sau 5 0.4 Other appliances Inc toys - pet equipment - towel 4 0.3 Lightning/natural occurrence Inc static electricit 4 0.3 Slow combustion stove eg Parkray Inc farm straw bu 4 0.3 Extractor fan 4 0.3 Sockets and switches (in vehicles - 996) 4 0.3 Spread from secondary or chimney fire (at another 4 0.3 Other and unspecified 3 0.2 Computer/VDU Inc electric typewriter 3 0.2 central heating boiler 3 0.2 Incandescent - electric filament Inc - fairy 3 0.2 Fan Heater 3 0.2 Audio equipment (only) Inc radio - radiogram - rec 3 0.2 Deep fat fryer (domestic) 3 0.2 Rubbish burning - other Inc vagrant's fire - camp 3 0.2 Other or unspecified Inc camping stoves (LPG - pri 2 0.1 Other and unspecified lighting Inc 'Night light pl 2 0.1 Welding and cutting equipment Inc Thermal lance 2 0.1 Luminous discharge - fluorescent Inc neon lighting 2 0.1 Heater (fixed to machine) 2 0.1 Lamps - lanterns Inc arc - hurricane - LPG - spiri 2 0.1 Food mixer – processor 2 0.1 Fume extractor (cooker hood - use 271) 2 0.1 Other known source Inc sparks from non-powered han 2 0.1 Battery charger 1 0.1 Cooker hood 1 0.1

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Vacuum cleaner 1 0.1 Spark gun and similar devices 1 0.1 Lighted paper/materials Inc joss sticks – taper 1 0.1 Plugs 1 0.1 Other industrial type appliance Inc - power saw, l 1 0.1 Medicinal lamps - eg ultra-violet - Inc sun bed in 1 0.1 Other appliances 1 0.1 Hot metal - molten glass - coal – charcoal 1 0.1 Food warming (not cooking) Inc night light/candle 1 0.1 Transformers 1 0.1 Soldering iron - machine – lance 1 0.1 Telephone - answering machines - Inc entry phone f 1 0.1 Iron - press (inc rotary) 1 0.1 Compressor 1 0.1 other – unspecified 1 0.1 Motor (not part of other appliance) 1 0.1 Unknown - part not specified Inc spark from unknow 1 0.1 Spin drier - drying cabinet - airer (but not tumble 1 0.1 100.0

Figure A2.2 Room of Origin

ROOM OF ORIGIN Count % Kitchen Inc kitchen/diner 948 69.5 Living/Sitting room - Lounge (If Lounge/Dining roo 144 10.5 Bedroom - dormitory – cabin 90 6.6 NO INFORMATION PROVIDED 43 3.2 Cloakroom etc Inc lavatory - bathroom – lockerroom 29 2.1 Laundry room Inc wash house - laundry chute – util 18 1.3 Roof space used for storage Inc domestic loft used 15 1.1 Corridor - hall 13 1.0 Other storage area (Note: domestic loft used for s 9 0.7 Airing cupboard - drying cupboard 7 0.5 Bedsitting room 7 0.5 Garage Inc car port 6 0.4 Unspecified residential type Inc meter cupboard in 6 0.4 Stairs Inc stairwell - landing 6 0.4 Dining room (If Lounge/Dining room code to area wh 4 0.3 Store room Inc stockroom - warehouse - pantry - la 4 0.3 Not known 2 0.1 Roof space not used for storage 2 0.1 Other room or compartment not Inc bus shelter - be 2 0.1 Other residential type Inc study 2 0.1 Nursery Inc playroom - creche 1 0.1 Conservatory Pantry/larder - see Storage 431 1 0.1 Fuel - liquid - gas 1 0.1 Power house - plant- - generator- -turbine- - mete 1 0.1 Porch 1 0.1 Office 1 0.1 Duct 1 0.1 Chimney 1 0.1 100.0

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Figure A2.3 Type of Dwelling

TYPE OF DWELLING Count % HOUSE 836 61.2 FLAT 190 13.9 SHELTERED ACCOMODATION FLAT 200 14.7 SHELTERED ACCOMODATION HOUSE 134 9.8 CARAVAN (USED AS PERMANENT DWELLING) 3 0.2 MOBILE HOME 1 0.1 HOUSBOAT (USED AS FULL TIME DWELLING) 1 0.1

Just over 60% of the people involved in a rescue, injury or fatality in Cumbria during the study period were aged 50 or under (although this percentage excludes the 31 people for whom an age missing in the data supplied to MM MIS). Figure A2.4 summarises the age-bands of those involved in an ADF rescue, injury or fatality in Cumbria and it can be concluded that neither the young (under 20 years of age) nor the old (61 and over) exhibit particular vulnerability or risk. The gender of RIF ‘victims’ in Cumbria was split 44.5% non-brigade female and 53% non-brigade male – the others being either ‘unknown/not included’ (0.8%) or brigade personnel (1.7%, in this case, all male). Figure A2.4 Cumbria age distribution of RIFs 2002-2005

AGE Count Under 20 31 21 to 40 65 41 to 60 51 61 and over 58 no ‘age’ data 31

The most common injury description occurring in Cumbria was being ‘overcome by gas, smoke or toxic fumes, asphyxiation’ followed by ‘precautionary check-up’. Figure A2.5 summarises and Figure A2.6 shows the circumstances of how the injury or fatality was caused. Figure A2.5 Cumbria ADF RIF description INJURY DESCRIPTION Count % Overcome by gas, smoke or toxic fumes, asphyxiation 116 49.2Precautionary check-up 56 23.7Burns or scalds 25 10.6Physical injuries including cuts, abrasions, bruises, dislocation, sprains, fractures 12 5.1Blank records 8 3.4Shock (inc Adult Respiratory Distress Syndrome) 8 3.4Unknown (stated) 5 2.1Combination of burns and overcome by gas/smoke (codes A and B) 4 1.7Other specified injury 1 0.4Not specified, inc awaiting inquest/inquiry 1 0.4

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Figure A2.6 Cumbria ADF RIF circumstance

CIRCUMSTANCES DESC Count %By smoke 76 32.2Discovering fire 31 13.1Fighting fire (including attempts 30 12.7By fire because unaware eg as 29 12.3Drunk or drugged 23 9.7Escaping 9 3.8Being rescued 5 2.1Rescuing person 5 2.1Other 5 2.1Chair-ridden ie in a wheel chai 4 1.7Injury accidentally sustained at 4 1Other immobility 4 1.7Injured by blast 3 1.3Rescuing property or animals 3 1.3Returned to fire 2 0.8Bedridden 1 0.4By fire for other reason 1 0.4Fell onto fire 1 0.4

.7

There were a total of 11 fatalities in Cumbria between October 2002 and September 2005. Age analysis shows that in 8 (72.7%) of the 11 fatalities, the victims were aged 70 or over. Figure A2.7 shows the source of the ADF where a fatality was involved. In 7 of the 11 cases, the fatalities were caused solely by being ‘overcome by gas, smoke or toxic fumes asphyxiation’ and this was the case in 5 of the fatalities in people aged 70 or over. Figure A2.7 Source of the ADF involving fatality in Cumbria, 2002-05.

SOURCE COUNT Ring - hot plate 3 Cigarettes - cigars - tobacco etc 2 Other or unspecified - Inc storage heater - 2 Not known (stated) - 'doubtful' 1 Audio equipment (only) Inc radio - radiogram - 1 Convector - radiator - Inc greenhouse heater - 1 Matches 1

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Appendix 3 A list of the 343 Merseyside SOAs which are ranked within the top 10% most deprived SOAs in England, according to their Overall IMD Score (i.e. rank 1 to 3248) can be found below. The table on the left shows the SOAs ordered by rank. The table on the right shows the same SOAs ordered alphabetically by 2001 Ward name. Deep orange shading signifies SOAs within the top 3% most deprived, light orange shading signifies SOAs within the top 5% most deprived and light yellow shading signifies SOAs within the top 10% most deprived in England. KEY Top 3% most deprived in England (rank 1-975) Top 5% most deprived in England (rank 976-1624) Top 10% most deprived in England (rank 1625-3248)

Ordered by Rank Ordered by 2001 Ward name

Lower SOA ID 2004 Overall Rank 2001 Ward name Lower SOA

ID 2004 Overall Rank 2001 Ward name

E01006559 1 Breckfield E01006515 29 Abercromby E01006755 3 Speke E01006518 115 Abercromby E01006468 7 Princess E01006516 381 Abercromby E01006676 8 Granby E01006514 1000 Abercromby E01006561 10 Breckfield E01006511 1206 Abercromby E01006778 13 Vauxhall E01006517 1326 Abercromby E01006469 14 Princess E01006522 1006 Aigburth E01006436 15 Kirkby Central E01006523 2152 Aigburth E01006599 22 Clubmoor E01006520 2267 Aigburth E01007122 23 Bidston E01006536 1780 Allerton E01006647 26 Everton E01006535 1791 Allerton E01006777 27 Vauxhall E01006540 100 Anfield E01006515 29 Abercromby E01006542 117 Anfield E01006703 32 Melrose E01006547 312 Anfield E01006646 33 Everton E01006544 563 Anfield E01006704 34 Melrose E01006548 1140 Anfield E01006563 38 Breckfield E01006546 1660 Anfield E01006560 39 Breckfield E01006541 2395 Anfield E01006598 41 Clubmoor E01006556 144 Arundel E01006467 42 Princess E01006552 319 Arundel E01006750 46 Smithdown E01006549 2582 Arundel E01006494 50 Tower Hill E01006551 2702 Arundel E01006493 51 Tower Hill E01007122 23 Bidston E01006674 53 Granby E01007124 56 Bidston E01006442 54 Longview E01007121 257 Bidston E01007124 56 Bidston E01007119 1066 Bidston E01007132 57 Birkenhead E01007123 1320 Bidston E01006756 63 Speke E01007120 1503 Bidston E01006447 66 Northwood E01007125 2862 Bidston E01007293 69 Tranmere E01007132 57 Birkenhead E01007127 70 Birkenhead E01007127 70 Birkenhead

CONTINUED ON NEXT SEVEN PAGES

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Ordered by Rank Ordered by 2001 Ward name

Lower SOA ID 2004 Overall Rank 2001 Ward name Lower SOA

ID 2004 Overall Rank 2001 Ward name

E01006691 72 Kensington E01007128 122 Birkenhead E01006779 74 Vauxhall E01007133 141 Birkenhead E01006470 76 Princess E01007129 226 Birkenhead E01006740 77 St Marys E01007126 247 Birkenhead E01006638 84 Dovecot E01007131 614 Birkenhead E01006679 91 Granby E01007130 663 Birkenhead E01006630 93 Dingle E01007134 1153 Birkenhead E01006732 94 Pirrie E01006812 2917 Blackbrook E01006448 97 Northwood E01006559 1 Breckfield E01006540 100 Anfield E01006561 10 Breckfield E01007292 101 Tranmere E01006563 38 Breckfield E01006699 105 Melrose E01006560 39 Breckfield E01007010 106 Linacre E01006562 110 Breckfield E01006662 108 Gillmoss E01006558 130 Breckfield E01006562 110 Breckfield E01006564 947 Breckfield E01006746 112 Smithdown E01006817 284 Broad Oak E01006518 115 Abercromby E01006816 540 Broad Oak E01006542 117 Anfield E01006821 1487 Broad Oak E01007128 122 Birkenhead E01006820 2901 Broad Oak E01006677 129 Granby E01006572 456 Broadgreen E01006558 130 Breckfield E01006571 584 Broadgreen E01006757 135 Speke E01006569 934 Broadgreen E01006444 136 Longview E01006574 1377 Broadgreen E01006749 137 Smithdown E01006565 1716 Broadgreen E01006753 138 Speke E01006573 2034 Broadgreen E01006735 140 Pirrie E01006567 2784 Broadgreen E01007133 141 Birkenhead E01007138 1822 Bromborough E01006873 142 Parr & Hardshaw E01006950 2352 Cambridge E01006556 144 Arundel E01006413 220 Cantril Farm E01006495 151 Tower Hill E01006412 251 Cantril Farm E01006633 159 Dingle E01006414 1089 Cantril Farm E01006696 168 Kensington E01006417 199 Cherryfield E01007007 177 Linacre E01006416 399 Cherryfield E01006648 179 Everton E01006418 400 Cherryfield E01006445 190 Longview E01006415 606 Cherryfield E01006734 194 Pirrie E01006585 748 Childwall E01006664 195 Gillmoss E01006952 981 Church E01006417 199 Cherryfield E01006957 1981 Church E01006720 200 Picton E01006586 3055 Church E01006760 207 Tuebrook E01007155 781 Claughton E01006702 211 Melrose E01007162 1133 Claughton E01006675 212 Granby E01006599 22 Clubmoor E01006751 216 Smithdown E01006598 41 Clubmoor E01006413 220 Cantril Farm E01006602 236 Clubmoor E01006637 221 Dovecot E01006603 416 Clubmoor E01007129 226 Birkenhead E01006601 442 Clubmoor E01006714 228 Old Swan E01006605 520 Clubmoor E01006790 230 Warbreck E01006600 533 Clubmoor E01006678 232 Granby E01006604 971 Clubmoor E01007290 235 Tranmere E01006606 1002 Clubmoor E01006602 236 Clubmoor E01006611 465 County

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Ordered by Rank Ordered by 2001 Ward name

Lower SOA ID 2004 Overall Rank 2001 Ward name Lower SOA

ID 2004 Overall Rank 2001 Ward name

E01006739 238 St Marys E01006612 758 County E01006632 239 Dingle E01006607 780 County E01006692 241 Kensington E01006615 812 County E01006874 246 Parr & Hardshaw E01006610 837 County E01007126 247 Birkenhead E01006613 1011 County E01006412 251 Cantril Farm E01006609 1353 County E01006694 254 Kensington E01006614 1409 County E01007121 257 Bidston E01006616 1870 County E01006661 260 Gillmoss E01006618 1705 Croxteth E01006769 261 Valley E01006624 2451 Croxteth E01006455 272 Park E01006963 628 Derby E01006817 284 Broad Oak E01006964 1283 Derby E01006443 286 Longview E01006967 1814 Derby E01006695 287 Kensington E01006961 2237 Derby E01006673 295 Granby E01006965 2693 Derby E01006453 298 Page Moss E01006630 93 Dingle E01006729 309 Pirrie E01006633 159 Dingle E01006547 312 Anfield E01006632 239 Dingle E01006672 313 Gillmoss E01006634 1771 Dingle E01006830 314 Grange Park E01006635 2162 Dingle E01006700 317 Melrose E01006638 84 Dovecot E01006552 319 Arundel E01006637 221 Dovecot E01007289 321 Tranmere E01006642 326 Dovecot E01007273 323 Seacombe E01006643 472 Dovecot E01006642 326 Dovecot E01006645 479 Dovecot E01007295 338 Tranmere E01006644 674 Dovecot E01006766 340 Tuebrook E01006975 1951 Dukes E01006507 342 Whitefield E01006968 2480 Dukes E01006693 347 Kensington E01007175 1521 Egerton E01006437 348 Kirkby Central E01007179 1576 Egerton E01006758 362 Speke E01006647 26 Everton E01006909 363 West Sutton E01006646 33 Everton E01006516 381 Abercromby E01006648 179 Everton E01006736 397 Pirrie E01006658 694 Fazakerley E01006416 399 Cherryfield E01006659 760 Fazakerley E01006418 400 Cherryfield E01006660 1152 Fazakerley E01007009 403 Linacre E01006653 1675 Fazakerley E01006697 412 Kensington E01006657 2555 Fazakerley E01006603 416 Clubmoor E01006984 1079 Ford E01006754 436 Speke E01006980 1527 Ford E01006601 442 Clubmoor E01006981 1894 Ford E01006721 444 Picton E01006979 2002 Ford E01006434 450 Kirkby Central E01006662 108 Gillmoss E01006572 456 Broadgreen E01006664 195 Gillmoss E01006690 457 Kensington E01006661 260 Gillmoss E01006611 465 County E01006672 313 Gillmoss E01006770 466 Valley E01006663 2066 Gillmoss E01006643 472 Dovecot E01006676 8 Granby E01006752 474 Smithdown E01006674 53 Granby E01006645 479 Dovecot E01006679 91 Granby E01006509 481 Whitefield E01006677 129 Granby

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Ordered by Rank Ordered by 2001 Ward name

Lower SOA ID 2004 Overall Rank 2001 Ward name Lower SOA

ID 2004 Overall Rank 2001 Ward name

E01006791 484 Warbreck E01006675 212 Granby E01006759 487 Tuebrook E01006678 232 Granby E01006871 498 Parr & Hardshaw E01006673 295 Granby E01007005 505 Linacre E01006830 314 Grange Park E01007204 515 Leasowe E01006834 2591 Grange Park E01006605 520 Clubmoor E01006426 850 Halewood South E01006600 533 Clubmoor E01006429 891 Halewood South E01006816 540 Broad Oak E01006428 2768 Halewood South E01007008 545 Linacre E01006430 792 Halewood West E01006480 558 St Gabriels E01006432 1007 Halewood West E01006544 563 Anfield E01006842 2407 Haydock E01007269 564 Seacombe E01006691 72 Kensington E01007303 570 Upton E01006696 168 Kensington E01006571 584 Broadgreen E01006692 241 Kensington E01007003 596 Linacre E01006694 254 Kensington E01006415 606 Cherryfield E01006695 287 Kensington E01006711 607 Old Swan E01006693 347 Kensington E01006775 608 Valley E01006697 412 Kensington E01007131 614 Birkenhead E01006690 457 Kensington E01006963 628 Derby E01006436 15 Kirkby Central E01007274 648 Seacombe E01006437 348 Kirkby Central E01006771 651 Valley E01006434 450 Kirkby Central E01006730 657 Pirrie E01006435 1082 Kirkby Central E01007220 658 Liscard E01006440 722 Knowsley Park E01006912 659 West Sutton E01006441 2187 Knowsley Park E01007130 663 Birkenhead E01006439 3124 Knowsley Park E01006644 674 Dovecot E01007204 515 Leasowe E01007048 688 Netherton E01007207 782 Leasowe E01006658 694 Fazakerley E01007206 2467 Leasowe E01006787 700 Warbreck E01007210 2516 Leasowe E01007019 707 Litherland E01007209 2577 Leasowe E01006728 713 Picton E01007010 106 Linacre E01006440 722 Knowsley Park E01007007 177 Linacre E01006741 732 St Marys E01007009 403 Linacre E01006767 739 Tuebrook E01007005 505 Linacre E01006585 748 Childwall E01007008 545 Linacre E01006612 758 County E01007003 596 Linacre E01006659 760 Fazakerley E01007011 775 Linacre E01007011 775 Linacre E01007006 1640 Linacre E01006607 780 County E01007004 2164 Linacre E01007155 781 Claughton E01007220 658 Liscard E01007207 782 Leasowe E01007215 2262 Liscard E01006430 792 Halewood West E01007218 2474 Liscard E01006460 806 Prescot East E01007019 707 Litherland E01006615 812 County E01007013 1085 Litherland E01006610 837 County E01007017 2014 Litherland E01006446 844 Northwood E01007016 2076 Litherland E01006426 850 Halewood South E01007012 2441 Litherland E01006764 872 Tuebrook E01006442 54 Longview E01006709 875 Netherley E01006444 136 Longview E01006706 882 Netherley E01006445 190 Longview

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Ordered by Rank Ordered by 2001 Ward name

Lower SOA ID 2004 Overall Rank 2001 Ward name Lower SOA

ID 2004 Overall Rank 2001 Ward name

E01006701 885 Melrose E01006443 286 Longview E01006429 891 Halewood South E01007024 1647 Manor E01006737 903 Pirrie E01006847 1175 Marshalls Cross E01006748 923 Smithdown E01006844 2412 Marshalls Cross E01006569 934 Broadgreen E01006703 32 Melrose E01006564 947 Breckfield E01006704 34 Melrose E01007278 950 Seacombe E01006699 105 Melrose E01006604 971 Clubmoor E01006702 211 Melrose E01006707 980 Netherley E01006700 317 Melrose E01006952 981 Church E01006701 885 Melrose E01006514 1000 Abercromby E01006705 1235 Melrose E01006606 1002 Clubmoor E01006698 2144 Melrose E01006522 1006 Aigburth E01007227 2803 Moreton E01006432 1007 Halewood West E01006850 2525 Moss Bank E01006613 1011 County E01006849 2769 Moss Bank E01006450 1022 Page Moss E01006709 875 Netherley E01006761 1030 Tuebrook E01006706 882 Netherley E01007291 1043 Tranmere E01006707 980 Netherley E01007119 1066 Bidston E01006708 1860 Netherley E01006984 1079 Ford E01007048 688 Netherton E01006435 1082 Kirkby Central E01007051 1260 Netherton E01007013 1085 Litherland E01007052 2479 Netherton E01006414 1089 Cantril Farm E01007238 1713 New Brighton E01006738 1108 St Marys E01007232 2534 New Brighton E01007162 1133 Claughton E01006861 1535 Newton East E01006548 1140 Anfield E01006865 2335 Newton West E01006660 1152 Fazakerley E01006447 66 Northwood E01007134 1153 Birkenhead E01006448 97 Northwood E01006715 1170 Old Swan E01006446 844 Northwood E01006847 1175 Marshalls Cross E01006714 228 Old Swan E01006458 1201 Park E01006711 607 Old Swan E01006511 1206 Abercromby E01006715 1170 Old Swan E01006705 1235 Melrose E01006716 1255 Old Swan E01006716 1255 Old Swan E01007239 1523 Oxton E01007051 1260 Netherton E01006453 298 Page Moss E01006964 1283 Derby E01006450 1022 Page Moss E01006872 1288 Parr & Hardshaw E01006455 272 Park E01006478 1307 St Gabriels E01006458 1201 Park E01006731 1312 Pirrie E01006873 142 Parr & Hardshaw E01007123 1320 Bidston E01006874 246 Parr & Hardshaw E01006517 1326 Abercromby E01006871 498 Parr & Hardshaw E01006609 1353 County E01006872 1288 Parr & Hardshaw E01006461 1357 Prescot East E01006875 1496 Parr & Hardshaw E01007304 1364 Upton E01006720 200 Picton E01006463 1367 Prescot West E01006721 444 Picton E01007270 1369 Seacombe E01006728 713 Picton E01006574 1377 Broadgreen E01006725 1828 Picton E01006745 1397 St Marys E01006726 2155 Picton E01006614 1409 County E01006723 2683 Picton E01006484 1473 St Michaels E01006722 3080 Picton E01006821 1487 Broad Oak E01006732 94 Pirrie

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Ordered by Rank Ordered by 2001 Ward name

Lower SOA ID 2004 Overall Rank 2001 Ward name Lower SOA

ID 2004 Overall Rank 2001 Ward name

E01006875 1496 Parr & Hardshaw E01006735 140 Pirrie E01007120 1503 Bidston E01006734 194 Pirrie E01007275 1509 Seacombe E01006729 309 Pirrie E01007175 1521 Egerton E01006736 397 Pirrie E01007239 1523 Oxton E01006730 657 Pirrie E01006980 1527 Ford E01006737 903 Pirrie E01006861 1535 Newton East E01006731 1312 Pirrie E01007179 1576 Egerton E01006733 2982 Pirrie E01006762 1586 Tuebrook E01007249 3048 Prenton E01006776 1629 Vauxhall E01006460 806 Prescot East E01006919 1633 Windle E01006461 1357 Prescot East E01007006 1640 Linacre E01006463 1367 Prescot West E01007024 1647 Manor E01006468 7 Princess E01006546 1660 Anfield E01006469 14 Princess E01006653 1675 Fazakerley E01006467 42 Princess E01007086 1694 St. Oswald E01006470 76 Princess E01006618 1705 Croxteth E01006880 1967 Queens Park E01006743 1706 St Marys E01006877 2094 Queens Park E01007238 1713 New Brighton E01006881 2300 Queens Park E01006565 1716 Broadgreen E01007273 323 Seacombe E01007090 1735 St. Oswald E01007269 564 Seacombe E01006634 1771 Dingle E01007274 648 Seacombe E01006536 1780 Allerton E01007278 950 Seacombe E01006535 1791 Allerton E01007270 1369 Seacombe E01006967 1814 Derby E01007275 1509 Seacombe E01007138 1822 Bromborough E01007277 2146 Seacombe E01006725 1828 Picton E01007272 3028 Seacombe E01006708 1860 Netherley E01006750 46 Smithdown E01006616 1870 County E01006746 112 Smithdown E01006483 1877 St Michaels E01006749 137 Smithdown E01006981 1894 Ford E01006751 216 Smithdown E01006975 1951 Dukes E01006752 474 Smithdown E01006880 1967 Queens Park E01006748 923 Smithdown E01006957 1981 Church E01006747 2971 Smithdown E01007296 2000 Tranmere E01006755 3 Speke E01006979 2002 Ford E01006756 63 Speke E01007017 2014 Litherland E01006757 135 Speke E01006573 2034 Broadgreen E01006753 138 Speke E01007300 2038 Upton E01006758 362 Speke E01006481 2041 St Michaels E01006754 436 Speke E01006663 2066 Gillmoss E01006480 558 St Gabriels E01007016 2076 Litherland E01006478 1307 St Gabriels E01006877 2094 Queens Park E01006477 3145 St Gabriels E01007089 2101 St. Oswald E01006740 77 St Marys E01006903 2108 Thatto Heath E01006739 238 St Marys E01006698 2144 Melrose E01006741 732 St Marys E01007277 2146 Seacombe E01006738 1108 St Marys E01006523 2152 Aigburth E01006745 1397 St Marys E01006726 2155 Picton E01006743 1706 St Marys E01006635 2162 Dingle E01006742 2463 St Marys E01007004 2164 Linacre E01006484 1473 St Michaels

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Ordered by Rank Ordered by 2001 Ward name

Lower SOA ID 2004 Overall Rank 2001 Ward name Lower SOA

ID 2004 Overall Rank 2001 Ward name

E01007085 2168 St. Oswald E01006483 1877 St Michaels E01006768 2169 Tuebrook E01006481 2041 St Michaels E01006441 2187 Knowsley Park E01007086 1694 St. Oswald E01006765 2191 Tuebrook E01007090 1735 St. Oswald E01006961 2237 Derby E01007089 2101 St. Oswald E01007215 2262 Liscard E01007085 2168 St. Oswald E01006520 2267 Aigburth E01007092 2452 St. Oswald E01006899 2276 Sutton & Bold E01006899 2276 Sutton & Bold E01006881 2300 Queens Park E01006903 2108 Thatto Heath E01006505 2315 Whiston South E01006905 2506 Thatto Heath E01006865 2335 Newton West E01006494 50 Tower Hill E01006950 2352 Cambridge E01006493 51 Tower Hill E01006541 2395 Anfield E01006495 151 Tower Hill E01006842 2407 Haydock E01007293 69 Tranmere E01006844 2412 Marshalls Cross E01007292 101 Tranmere E01007012 2441 Litherland E01007290 235 Tranmere E01006624 2451 Croxteth E01007289 321 Tranmere E01007092 2452 St. Oswald E01007295 338 Tranmere E01006742 2463 St Marys E01007291 1043 Tranmere E01007206 2467 Leasowe E01007296 2000 Tranmere E01007218 2474 Liscard E01006760 207 Tuebrook E01007052 2479 Netherton E01006766 340 Tuebrook E01006968 2480 Dukes E01006759 487 Tuebrook E01006905 2506 Thatto Heath E01006767 739 Tuebrook E01007210 2516 Leasowe E01006764 872 Tuebrook E01006850 2525 Moss Bank E01006761 1030 Tuebrook E01007232 2534 New Brighton E01006762 1586 Tuebrook E01006504 2543 Whiston South E01006768 2169 Tuebrook E01006657 2555 Fazakerley E01006765 2191 Tuebrook E01007209 2577 Leasowe E01006763 3129 Tuebrook E01006549 2582 Arundel E01007303 570 Upton E01006834 2591 Grange Park E01007304 1364 Upton E01006500 2632 Whiston North E01007300 2038 Upton E01006723 2683 Picton E01006769 261 Valley E01006965 2693 Derby E01006770 466 Valley E01006551 2702 Arundel E01006775 608 Valley E01006428 2768 Halewood South E01006771 651 Valley E01006849 2769 Moss Bank E01006778 13 Vauxhall E01006567 2784 Broadgreen E01006777 27 Vauxhall E01007227 2803 Moreton E01006779 74 Vauxhall E01007125 2862 Bidston E01006776 1629 Vauxhall E01006820 2901 Broad Oak E01006790 230 Warbreck E01006812 2917 Blackbrook E01006791 484 Warbreck E01006508 2948 Whitefield E01006787 700 Warbreck E01006747 2971 Smithdown E01006782 3067 Warbreck E01006733 2982 Pirrie E01006785 3146 Warbreck E01007272 3028 Seacombe E01006909 363 West Sutton E01007249 3048 Prenton E01006912 659 West Sutton E01006586 3055 Church E01006908 3105 West Sutton E01006782 3067 Warbreck E01006913 3131 West Sutton E01006722 3080 Picton E01006500 2632 Whiston North

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Ordered by Rank Ordered by 2001 Ward name

Lower SOA ID 2004 Overall Rank 2001 Ward name Lower SOA

ID 2004 Overall Rank 2001 Ward name

E01006908 3105 West Sutton E01006505 2315 Whiston South E01006439 3124 Knowsley Park E01006504 2543 Whiston South E01006763 3129 Tuebrook E01006507 342 Whitefield E01006913 3131 West Sutton E01006509 481 Whitefield E01006477 3145 St Gabriels E01006508 2948 Whitefield E01006785 3146 Warbreck E01006919 1633 Windle

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Appendix 4 Maps showing SOAs in Merseyside compared to England’s SOAs in terms of overall deprivation (ID2004), and both 2004 & 2001 local authority ward boundaries

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Appendix 5 Acorn Category descriptions (pen pictures) and hierarchy chart - www.caci.co.uk

Category 1 - Wealthy Achievers These are some of the most successful and affluent people in the UK. They live in wealthy, high status rural, semi-rural and suburban areas of the country. Middle-aged or older people predominate, with many empty nesters and wealthy retired. Some neighbourhoods contain large numbers of well-off families with school age children, particularly in the more suburban locations. These people live in large houses, which are usually detached with four or more bedrooms. Almost 90% are owner occupiers, with half of those owning their home outright. They are very well educated and most are employed in managerial and professional occupations. Many own their own business. Car ownership is high, with many households running two or more cars. Incomes are high, as are levels of savings and investments. These people are well established at the top of the social ladder. They enjoy all the advantages of being healthy, wealthy and confident consumers. Category 2 - Urban Prosperity These are well educated and mostly prosperous people living in our major towns and cities. They include both older wealthy people living in the most exclusive parts of London and other cities, and highly educated younger professionals moving up the corporate ladder. This category also includes some well educated but less affluent individuals, such

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as students and graduates in their first jobs. The wealthier people tend to be in senior managerial or professional careers, and often live in large terraced or detached houses with four or more bedrooms. Some of the younger professionals may be buying or renting flats. The less affluent will be privately renting. These people have a cosmopolitan outlook and enjoy their urban lifestyle. They like to eat out in restaurants, go to the theatre and cinema and make the most of the culture and nightlife of the big city. Category 3 - Comfortably Off This category contains much of ‘middle-of-the-road’ Britain. Most people are comfortably off. They may not be wealthy, but they have few major financial worries. All lifestages are represented in this category. Younger singles and couples, just starting out on their careers, are the dominant group in some areas. Other areas have mostly stable families and empty nesters, especially in suburban or semi-rural locations. Comfortably off pensioners, living in retirement areas around the coast or in the countryside, form the other main group in this category. Most people own their own home, with owner occupation exceeding 80%. Most houses are semi-detached or detached. Employment is in a mix of professional and managerial, clerical and skilled occupations. Educational qualifications tend to be in line with the national average. This category incorporates the home-owning, stable and fairly comfortable backbone of modern Britain. Category 4 - Moderate Means This category contains much of what used to be the country’s industrial heartlands. Many people are still employed in traditional, blue-collar occupations. Others have become employed in service and retail jobs as the employment landscape has changed. In the better off areas, incomes are in line with the national average and people have reasonable standards of living. However, in other areas, where levels of qualifications are low, incomes can fall below the national average. There are also some isolated pockets of unemployment and long-term illness. This category also includes some neighbourhoods with very high concentrations of Asian families on low incomes. Most housing is terraced, with two or three bedrooms, and largely owner occupied. It includes many former council houses, bought by their tenants in the 1980s. Overall, the people in this category have modest lifestyles, but are able to get by. Category 5 - Hard-Pressed This category contains the poorest areas of the UK. Unemployment is well above the national average. Levels of qualifications are low and those in work are likely to be employed in unskilled occupations. Household incomes are low and there are high levels of long-term illness in some areas. Housing is a mix of low-rise estates, with terraced or semi-detached houses, and purpose built flats, including high-rise blocks. Properties tend to be small and there is much overcrowding. Over 50% of the housing is rented from the local council or a housing association. There are a large number of single adult households, including many single pensioners and lone parents. In some neighbourhoods, there are high numbers of black and Asian residents. These people are experiencing the most difficult social and economic conditions in the whole country, and appear to have limited opportunity to improve their circumstances. www.caci.co.uk

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