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Quantum Mechanics THIRD EDITION EUGEN MERZBACHER University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill JOHN WILEY & SONS, INC. New York / Chichester / Weinheim Brisbane / Singapore / Toronto

Merzbacher 3rd Ed

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Quantum MechanicsTHIRD EDITION

EUGEN MERZBACHERUniversity of North Carolina at Chapel Hill

JOHN WILEY & SONS, INC.New York / Chichester / Weinheim Brisbane / Singapore / Toronto

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Stuart Johnson Kimberly Manzi Sandra Russell Madelyn Lesure Edward Starr

This book was set in 10/12 Times by University Graphics. Inc. and printed and bo Hamilton Printing Company. The cover was printed by Hamilton Printing Company. This book is printed on acid-free paper.

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Copyright 1961, 1970, 1988, 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, scanning or otherwise, except as permitted under Sections 107 or 108 of the 1976 United States Copyright Act, without either the prior written permission of the Publisher, or authorization through payment of the appropriate per-copy fee to the Copyright Clearance Center, 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, (508) 750-8400, fax (508) 750-4470. Requests to the Publisher for permission should be addressed to the Permissions Department, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 605 Third Avenue, New York, NY 10158-0012, (212) 850-6011, fax (212) 850-6008, E-Mail: [email protected].

Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data: Merzbacher, Eugen. Quantum mechanics I Eugen Merzbacher. - 3rd ed. p. em. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 0-471-88702-1 (cloth: alk. paper) 1. Quantum theory. I. Title. QCI74.12.M47 1998 530. I 2-dc21 97-20756 CIPPrinted in the United States of America 1098765432

530.12 M577 Quantum mechanics 3rd ed. Swanston LCN: 10798500 poi: 200109006/0001 B/C: 31259006333202

Dedicated to our children: Celia, Charles, Matthew, and Mary

PrefaceThe central role of quantum mechanics, as a unifying principle in contemporary physics, is reflected in the training of physicists who take a common course, whether they expect to specialize in atomic, molecular, nuclear, or particle physics, solid state physics, qmtntum optics, quantum electronics, or quantum chemistry. This book was written for such a course as a comprehensive introduction to the principles of quantum mechanics and to their application in the subfields of physics. The first edition of this book was published in 1961, the second in 1970. At that time there were few graduate-level texts available to choose from. Now there are many, but I was encouraged by colleagues and students to embark on a further revision of this bo