Metabolic Energy for Metabolic Energy for Dummies:Dummies:

A quick look at A quick look at Cellular Metabolism Cellular Metabolism

(Energetics)(Energetics)

By Richard BelicekBy Richard Belicek

IntroductionIntroduction::

This presentation will cover the This presentation will cover the general steps that nutrient general steps that nutrient sources take to be utilized by sources take to be utilized by the the bodybody and how energy is and how energy is created through metabolism.created through metabolism.

What is Metabolism?What is Metabolism?metabolismmetabolism defined:defined: the total chemical the total chemicalactivity and flow of resources that occurs activity and flow of resources that occurs within an organism’s boundary. within an organism’s boundary.

Where does it start?Where does it start?

Nutrient sources from food.Nutrient sources from food.

Foods such as steak, pizza, salad, Foods such as steak, pizza, salad, ice cream and chocolate are broken ice cream and chocolate are broken down into these MACROMOLECULES:down into these MACROMOLECULES:

ProteinsProteins

FatsFats

CarbohydratesCarbohydrates

Macromolecules to Macromolecules to Simple SubunitsSimple Subunits

Proteins = Amino AcidsProteins = Amino Acids

Fats = Fatty Acids and GlycerolFats = Fatty Acids and Glycerol

Carbohydrates = Simple SugarsCarbohydrates = Simple Sugars

Subunits follow Subunits follow metabolic pathwaysmetabolic pathways

Amino Acids Amino Acids >Protein catabolism = Acetyl CoA >Protein catabolism = Acetyl CoA >Gluconeogenesis = Pyruvate>Gluconeogenesis = Pyruvate

Fatty Acids and GlycerolFatty Acids and Glycerol>Oxidation = Acetyl CoA>Oxidation = Acetyl CoA >Gluconeogenesis = Pyruvate>Gluconeogenesis = Pyruvate

Simple Sugars (Glucose)Simple Sugars (Glucose) >Glycolysis >Glycolysis =Pyruvate=Pyruvate

GlycolysisGlycolysis

The sequence of rxns The sequence of rxns that convert glucose that convert glucose into pyruvate into pyruvate

GlycolysisGlycolysis

Occurs in the Cytoplasm Occurs in the Cytoplasm

Aerobic or Anaerobic Aerobic or Anaerobic

Glucose enters the glycolytic Glucose enters the glycolytic pathwaypathway

ATP: gross= 4, net= 2ATP: gross= 4, net= 2

NAD = 2 NADH, transported to the NAD = 2 NADH, transported to the Electron Transport Chain (ETC)Electron Transport Chain (ETC)

The Krebs CycleThe Krebs Cycle

aka:aka:

Tricarboxcyclic Acid Tricarboxcyclic Acid Cycle or Cycle or

Citric Acid Cycle.Citric Acid Cycle.

Krebs CycleKrebs Cycle

Pyruvate enters cycle Pyruvate enters cycle

2 cycles per Pyruvate molecule2 cycles per Pyruvate molecule

1 ATP is produced per cycle1 ATP is produced per cycleNAD and FAD = 6 NADH and 2 FADHNAD and FAD = 6 NADH and 2 FADH22

NADH and FADHNADH and FADH22 are transported to are transported to the (ETC)the (ETC)

Electron Transport ChainElectron Transport Chain

Electron Transport ChainElectron Transport Chain

Occurs in the Cristea of the Occurs in the Cristea of the mitochondriamitochondria

NADH and FADHNADH and FADH22 are oxidized are oxidized

Hydrogen and electrons are carried Hydrogen and electrons are carried along chain transfer energyalong chain transfer energy

Electrochemical gradient = ATP Electrochemical gradient = ATP

OO22 final acceptor = H final acceptor = H22OO

Electron Transport ChainElectron Transport Chain

(1 NADH(1 NADH = 3 ATP, 1 FADH= 3 ATP, 1 FADH22 = 2 ATP) = 2 ATP)

Krebs Cycle = 8 NADH = 24 ATP Krebs Cycle = 8 NADH = 24 ATP

= 2 FADH= 2 FADH22 = 4 ATP = 4 ATP

For glycolysis (1 NADH= 2 For glycolysis (1 NADH= 2 ATP) ATP)

Glycolysis = 2NADH = 4 ATPGlycolysis = 2NADH = 4 ATP

Overview:Overview:

Summary Summary

Glycolysis Glycolysis

Krebs CycleKrebs Cycle

Electron Transport ChainElectron Transport Chain

Total ATP = 36 netTotal ATP = 36 net

NONO

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Have a good break!!Have a good break!!