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Self-Assessment Activity 1. Did you understand the directions for the assignment? 2. What were you thinking when you worked on the assignment? 3. How would you evaluate your ability to concentrate on the assignment?
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MetacognitionESPY 6304
Art Aguilar
David Brook Park
Answer the following questions:
1. What do you know about how you personally learn a new concept?
2. What are some tools that you employ to learn?
3. Why do you think that these tools are effective for you?
Self-Assessment Activity
1. Did you understand the directions for the assignment?
2. What were you thinking when you worked on the assignment?
3. How would you evaluate your ability to concentrate on the assignment?
What is the meta- in metacognition?
After Beyond Adjacent Behind
What is cognition?
Thinking Something known Awareness
What is Metacognition?
Thinking about thinking
Self-knowledge about your learning style
Monitoring your own learning
Knowing what you do and do not know
Fundamentals of Meta-cognition (MC) cont.Assess ones own knowledge and thinking process (Joseph, 2010)
MC is supported by
1. Theory
2. Practice
MC in Theory Cognitive theory suggests students are able to:
• Guide learning of complex tasks
• Monitor progress
• Change course
• Identify and asses intellect
MC in Theory (cont).
MC Theory can influence educational practice Young learners Adult learners
MC in PracticeExamples:
1. Student questionnaires
2. Reflective thinking
3. Reciprocal teaching
MC in PracticeEx. Reciprocal Teaching
Reading Technique
Students create their own questions
Student uses self-teaching
Student has insight on own learning style
MC Practices Schools utilize MC for problem solving in:
Primary education
Secondary education
A variety of Subjects
MC in Practice (cont.)Problem Solving in a variety of Subjects
Math
Science
Foreign Language Acquisition
MC in Foreign Language
MC is related to the brain Language acquisition is related to the brain MC can help in foreign language acquisition
John Flavell: Metacognition Theory
Foundation Researcher
Influenced by Piaget
MC in Mathematics and Human Development
MC used in Math learning Processing Speed Executive Functions of the brain
Metacognition
Processes
Strategies
Metacognitive Monitoring
Knowledge Experiences Tasks and Goals Strategies or Actions
Examples
Knowing you know something but… Coffee shop vs. Library
Metacognitive Strategies
Awareness of self Planning and Goal Setting Self-Monitor and Reflecting Adaptability
Learners
Passive & Dependent
Assertive & Independent
Uses in Teaching
Student Self-Regulate Assess one’s Strategies
Learning Strategies
Pre-reading
Note taking
Rewriting notes
Worked examples
More Metacognitive Strategies
Connections
Self-evaluating
Choosing cognitive strategies
Learning Strategies
Flash cards
Outlining
Reflecting
Self-testing
Why are Strategies Important?
Confidence builders
Independent Learners
Self-regulation
Extrinsic Motivation
References
Blakely, E., Spence S., (2013). Developing metacogntion. Retrieved from http://www.education.com/print/Ref_Dev_Metacognition/eric/
Brown, A. (1987). Metacognition, executive control, self-regulation, and other more mysterious mechanisms. In Weinert, F., and Kluwe, R. (eds.), Metacognition, Motivation, and Understanding, Erlbaum, Hillsdale, NJ, pp. 65–116.
Cooper, S. (2013). Theories of learning in Educational Psychology. John Flavell: metacognition. Retrieved from http://www.lifecircles-inc.com/Learningtheories/constructivism/flavell.html
Culatta, R. (2013). Instructional design metacognition. Retrieved from http://www.instructionaldesign.org/concepts/metacognition.html
Joseph, N. (2010). Metacognition needed: Teaching middle and high school students to develop strategic learning skills, and formal names. Preventing School Failure, (42) (2), 99-103.
Livingston, J. A. (1997). Metacognition: An overview. Retrieved from http://gse.buffalo.edu/fas/shuell/cep564/Metacog.htm]
Stricklin, K. (2011). Hands-On Reciprocal Teaching: A Comprehension Technique. Reading Teacher, 64(8), 620-625. doi:10.1598/RT.64.8.
References (cont.)Pennequin, V., Sorel, O., & Mainguy, M. (2010). Metacognition, Executive Functions and Aging: The Effect of Training in the Use of Metacognitive Skills to Solve Mathematical Word Problems. Journal Of Adult Development, 17(3), 168-176
QU, W. (2009). Stimulating foreign language learning motivation--From the perspective of cognition and meta-cognition. US-China Foreign Language, 7(10), 34-38