Metadata Encoding & Crosswalks

Metadata Encoding & CrosswalksMetadata Encoding & Crosswalks

Spring 2006, 20 February

Bharat Mehra

IS 520 (Organization and Representation of Information)

School of Information Sciences

University of Tennessee

Metadata: Vocabulary (Recap)Metadata: Vocabulary (Recap)

Metadata schemes (framework): Definitions

What information is needed to describe something

What sets of metadata elements/fields are to be designed for a specific purpose, such as describing a particular type of information resource

Fielded record of summary information about a “document”


Semantics of scheme: definition or meaning of the elements themselves

Content: values given to metadata elements

Syntax rules: how the elements and their content should be encoded

Metadata encoding: From cataloging record to MARC record

Metadata crosswalks: Allows creation of web pages where content from any one framework can be encoded (formatted) in different formats

Cataloging Procedures for One Bibliographic RecordCataloging Procedures for One Bibliographic Record

• Descriptive catalogingDescriptive cataloging

– bibliographic descriptions and determination of access bibliographic descriptions and determination of access points (AACR2)points (AACR2)

– Main and added entriesMain and added entries

• Subject accessSubject access

– Subject cataloging: selection of subject access points Subject cataloging: selection of subject access points (LCSH/SLSH/MSH)(LCSH/SLSH/MSH)

– Classification: assignment of class numbers and book Classification: assignment of class numbers and book numbers (LCC/DDC/NLMC)numbers (LCC/DDC/NLMC)

• Authority Control Authority Control (authority records, file, system)(authority records, file, system)

• MARC TaggingMARC Tagging


Mark-up language: Mark-up language: Metadata encoded and actually embedded within a document using a specific syntactic (and semantic) scheme

Metadata Schemes: Dublin Core MODS VRA

Encoding Formats: HTML XML RTF

Metadata EncodingMetadata Encoding- A syntactic scheme for writing down some metadata content- A specification of the kinds of info that should be presented to describe an info object

Bibliographic Control Card Catalogs MARC(Metadata Manifestations)


Encoding in definable syntax

SGML (Standard Generalized Mark-up Language) Superset that allows for richest mark-up of a document

HTML (Hypertext Mark-up Language)Web page description language. A W3C standard, compatible with all systems

XML (Extensible Mark-up Language)XML is an extended form of HTML that allows for locally defined tag sets and the easy exchange of structured information

Observable IR TrendsObservable IR Trends• from post-publication metadata to embedded from post-publication metadata to embedded

metadata (synchronous) metadata (synchronous)

• from metadata by indexer/cataloger to by authorfrom metadata by indexer/cataloger to by author

• from controlled vocabulary vs. natural language from controlled vocabulary vs. natural language (key words)(key words)

• from centralized classic IR systems to distributed from centralized classic IR systems to distributed resourcesresources

Metadata by AuthorsMetadata by Authors

• born with the documentborn with the document

• as a part of the encoded electronic as a part of the encoded electronic documents (not separated)documents (not separated)

• provide description and access pointsprovide description and access points

• IR databases can import the metadata IR databases can import the metadata automaticallyautomatically

the way we work withthe way we work withand think aboutand think about

metadata is changingmetadata is changing

why?why?

because todaybecause todaymetadata exists inmetadata exists in

distributeddistributed

heterogeneousheterogeneous

networkednetworked

electronicelectronic

informationinformationenvironmentsenvironments

distributeddistributedheterogeneousheterogeneous

networkednetworkedinformationinformation

environmentsenvironments

disaggregation of information is an disaggregation of information is an outcome that allows data manipulation outcome that allows data manipulation

at a deeper level at a deeper level

Bibliographic Processes Bibliographic Processes

• Identify basic cataloging data in terms of: (Chan’s framework)

• Apply metadata schemes (Dublin Core, MODS, VRA) to card catalog records (or MARC records)

• Encode the above in different encoding formats (HTML, XML, RTF)

• Card Catalogs MARC

What is encoding?What is encoding?A standard used to mark up data so that the A standard used to mark up data so that the

data can be understood by human beings or data can be understood by human beings or computerscomputers

A set of tags precisely defines the elements:A set of tags precisely defines the elements:semanticssemanticssyntaxessyntaxes

Tags can be numeric or language-basedTags can be numeric or language-basedApplication software can process the Application software can process the

structured data for specified usestructured data for specified use

Intellectual Intellectual propertyproperty

CreatorCreator

ContributorContributor

PublisherPublisher

RightsRights

The Dublin Core ElementsThe Dublin Core Elements

ContentContent TitleTitleSubjectSubjectDescriptionDescriptionSourceSourceCoverageCoverageRelationRelation

Instantiation Instantiation

DateDateTypeType **

Format *Format *

IdentifierIdentifier

LanguageLanguage

Sample Metadata Encoding: Sample Metadata Encoding: Dublin Core in HTMLDublin Core in HTML

<META NAME=“DC.Title” Content=“IS 520 Syllabus Page”>

<META NAME=“DC.Creator” Content=“Bharat Mehra”>

<META NAME=“DC.Creator.Address” [email protected]>

<META NAME=“DC.Subject” Content=“Information Organization and Representation”>

Sample Metadata Encoding: Sample Metadata Encoding:

Dublin Core in XMLDublin Core in XML

<?xml version=“1.0”?>

<dc:title>IS 520 Syllabus Page</dc:title>

<dc:creator>Bharat Mehra</dc:creator>

<dc:subject>Information Organization and Representation</dc:subject>

<dc:subject>IS 520</dc:subject>

<dc:date>2005-09-13</dc:date>

<dc:format>text/html</dc:format>

<dc:language>en</dc:language>

Comparison: same content but different encodingComparison: same content but different encoding

HTML: HTML: <META NAME=“DC.Creator” Content=“Bharat Mehra”>

XML:XML: <dc:creator>Bharat Mehra</dc:creator>

mailto:Content%[email protected]

Dublin Core (DC): FeaturesDublin Core (DC): Features

All fields are All fields are repeatablerepeatable

All fields are All fields are optionaloptional

All fields are All fields are extensibleextensible by adding by adding qualifiersqualifiers

QualifiersQualifiers serve the functions as serve the functions as

1. Refinement (narrower; specific)1. Refinement (narrower; specific)

2. Scheme (standardization)2. Scheme (standardization)

Qualifier by RefinementQualifier by Refinement

<META NAME="DC.<META NAME="DC.TITLETITLE" "

CONTENT="CONTENT="Making sense of college

grades">">

<META NAME="DC.<META NAME="DC.TITLETITLE.SUBTITLE.SUBTITLE" "

CONTENT="CONTENT="Why the grading system does

not work and what can be done about it">">

Qualifier by SchemeQualifier by Scheme<META NAME="DC.<META NAME="DC.IDENTIFIERIDENTIFIER" " SCHEME="ISBN"SCHEME="ISBN"

CONTENT="CONTENT="0875896871">">

<META NAME="DC.<META NAME="DC.SUBJECTSUBJECT" " SCHEME="LCSH"SCHEME="LCSH" CONTENT="CONTENT="Grading and marking (Students)">">

<META NAME="DC.<META NAME="DC.SUBJECTSUBJECT" " SCHEME=“LCC"SCHEME=“LCC" CONTENT="CONTENT="LB2368">">

[alternatively [alternatively LCCSLCCS]]

International Standard Book Number: a unique ten digit International Standard Book Number: a unique ten digit number assigned to every printed booknumber assigned to every printed book

Library of Congress Classification System: A system for Library of Congress Classification System: A system for classifying and arranging books in libraries adopted by classifying and arranging books in libraries adopted by most of the nations libraries and universities most of the nations libraries and universities

Qualifiers by both Refinement & SchemeQualifiers by both Refinement & Scheme

META NAME="DC.META NAME="DC.CREATOR.PERSONALCREATOR.PERSONAL" " SCHEME="LCNAF"SCHEME="LCNAF" CONTENT="CONTENT="Eison, James A., 1950-">">

[alternatively [alternatively LCNHLCNH]]

<META NAME="DC.<META NAME="DC.RELATION.RELATION.HasFormat" HasFormat" SCHEME="PURL"SCHEME="PURL" CONTENT="http://purl.access.gpo.gov/GPO/LPS2878">CONTENT="http://purl.access.gpo.gov/GPO/LPS2878">

Library of Congress Name Authority File. A comprehensive Library of Congress Name Authority File. A comprehensive controlled vocabulary (established list of preferred terms, controlled vocabulary (established list of preferred terms, often with cross references), primarily of names and often with cross references), primarily of names and jurisdictions, used by thousands of institutions to describe jurisdictions, used by thousands of institutions to describe and index persons or bodies who are the subject, or are and index persons or bodies who are the subject, or are responsible for the intellectual content of, library and archival responsible for the intellectual content of, library and archival material. material.

Persistent Uniform Resource Locator Persistent Uniform Resource Locator

DC.RELATIONDC.RELATIONIsVersionOf -- revision or different expressionIsVersionOf -- revision or different expressionHasVersion -- revision or different expressionHasVersion -- revision or different expressionHasFormat -- different manifestationHasFormat -- different manifestationIsFormatOf -- different manifestationIsFormatOf -- different manifestationIsReplacedby -- e.g., journal title is changed to [new]IsReplacedby -- e.g., journal title is changed to [new]Replaces -- e.g., new journal title replaces [old]Replaces -- e.g., new journal title replaces [old]IsPartof -- work in a series or a serial or a larger workIsPartof -- work in a series or a serial or a larger workHasPart -- works/parts in a series/serial/workHasPart -- works/parts in a series/serial/workIsReferencedby -- cited by another work(s)IsReferencedby -- cited by another work(s)References -- works cited in the workReferences -- works cited in the work

DC.SUBJECTDC.SUBJECTKeywordsKeywords approach approach

author assigned uncontrolled author assigned uncontrolled

termsterms

ControlControl vocabularyvocabulary approach approach

terms from LCSH, MeSH, ERIC, etc.terms from LCSH, MeSH, ERIC, etc.

ClassificationClassification approachapproach

classes from DDC, LCC, UDC, etc.classes from DDC, LCC, UDC, etc.

Educational Resource Educational Resource

Information Center, a Information Center, a

federally-funded federally-funded

information information

clearinghouse which clearinghouse which

publishes an index publishes an index

with abstracts of with abstracts of

journal articles and journal articles and

unpublished research unpublished research

reports in education reports in education

and related fieldsand related fields

Bibliographic ProcessesBibliographic ProcessesCard Catalog Card Catalog MARC 21 (ISO 2709) MARC 21 (ISO 2709)

MAMAchine-chine-RReadable eadable CCataloging -- numeric based ataloging -- numeric based tagstags

• bibliographic formatbibliographic format– description of item; main entry/added entries; subject description of item; main entry/added entries; subject

headings; classification or call numberheadings; classification or call number

• authority format (name and subject headings)authority format (name and subject headings)• holdings formatholdings format• community information formatcommunity information format• classification data formatclassification data format

Some RulesSome Rules0XX (control information, numbers, codes)0XX (control information, numbers, codes)1XXfields (main entry)1XXfields (main entry)2XX (titles, edition, imprint: in general, the title statement of responsibility, 2XX (titles, edition, imprint: in general, the title statement of responsibility,

edition, and publication information) edition, and publication information) 3XX (physical description etc.)3XX (physical description etc.)4XXfields (series statements)4XXfields (series statements)5XX (notes) 5XX (notes) 6XXfields (subject added entries)6XXfields (subject added entries)7XXfields (added entries other than subject or series)7XXfields (added entries other than subject or series)8XXfields (series added entries: other authoritative forms)8XXfields (series added entries: other authoritative forms)9XXfields (reserved for local use: used by vendors, systems, or individuals to 9XXfields (reserved for local use: used by vendors, systems, or individuals to

exchange additional data) exchange additional data)

X00Personal namesX00Personal namesX10Corporate namesX10Corporate namesX11Meeting namesX11Meeting namesX30Uniform titlesX30Uniform titlesX40Bibliographic titlesX40Bibliographic titlesX50Topical termsX50Topical termsX51Geographic namesX51Geographic names

For example, 610: subject heading that is a corporate nameFor example, 610: subject heading that is a corporate name

Some More RulesSome More RulesTitle and Statement of Responsibility Title and Statement of Responsibility 245 245 Title proper $h [general material designation] : $b other title Title proper $h [general material designation] : $b other title

information/ $c statement of responsibility ; subsequent statement information/ $c statement of responsibility ; subsequent statement of responsibility of responsibility

Edition Edition 250250 Edition statement / $b statement of responsibility relating to the editionEdition statement / $b statement of responsibility relating to the edition

Publication, Distribution. Etc.Publication, Distribution. Etc.260260 Place of publication : $b Name of publisher, $c Date of publication Place of publication : $b Name of publisher, $c Date of publication

SeriesSeries440 -440 - Series title, $x ; $vSeries title, $x ; $v490 0490 0 Series title [not used as an added entry]Series title [not used as an added entry]490 1490 1 Series title as found in the item [not to be used for added Series title as found in the item [not to be used for added

entry]entry]830 -830 - Authorized form of series title as added entryAuthorized form of series title as added entry

520## 520##

tagindicator

Undefined

Raccoons and ripe cornRaccoons and ripe corn 245 10 245 10 $a $a

first indicator: there should be a separate title entry

“The” Emperor’s New ClothesNon-filing characters

Delimiter: separator of subfields

1XX1XX The 100sThe 100s

Milton, Ohmer.Making sense of college grades / Ohmer Milton, Howard R.

Pollio, James A. Eison ; foreword by Laura Bornholdt. -- 1st ed.-- San Francisco : Jossey-Bass, 1986.

xxii, 287 p. : ill. ; 24 cm. -- (Jossey-Bass higher education series)

Half-title: Making sense of college grades : why the gradingsystem does not work and what can be done about it.

Includes bibliographical references (p. 271-280) and index. 0-875-89687-1

1. Grading and marking (Students). 2. College credits.I. Pollio, Howard R. II. Eison, James A., 1950- III. Title.IV. Series.

Main Entry Card / Shelflist Card

LB2368.M571986

020 0875896871 ISBN05000 LB2368 ‡b .M57 19861001_ Milton, Ohmer.24510 Making sense of college grades / ‡c Ohmer Milton,

Howard R. Pollio, James A. Eison ; foreword by Laura Bornholdt.

250 1st ed.260 San Francisco : ‡b Jossey-Bass, ‡c 1986.300 xxii, 287 p. : ‡b ill. ; ‡c 24 cm.440_4 The Jossey-Bass higher education series500 Half title: Making sense of college grades : why the

grading system does not work and what can be done about it504 Includes bibliographical references (p. 271-280) and index.650_0 Grading and marking (Students)650_0 College credits.7001_ Pollio, Howard R.7001_ Eison, James A., ‡d 1950-

MARC Bibliographic RecordMARC Bibliographic RecordCoded directly from the previous card recordCoded directly from the previous card record

MARC RecordMARC Record

020 087589687105000 LB2368 ‡b .M57 19861001_ Milton, Ohmer.245 10 Making sense of college grades / ‡c Ohmer Milton, Howard R. Pollio, James A. Eison ; foreword by Laura Bornholdt.24613 ‡a Why the grading system does not work and what can be done about it250 1st ed.260 San Francisco : ‡b Jossey-Bass, ‡c 1986.300 xxii, 287 p. : ‡b ill. ; ‡c 24 cm.440 _4 The Jossey-Bass higher education series500 Half-title: Making sense of college grades : why the grading system does not work and what can be done about it.

504 Includes bibliographical references (p. 271-280) and index.650_0 Grading and marking (Students)650_0 College credits.700 1_ Pollio, Howard R.700 1_ Eison, James A., ‡d 1950-

Added entries colored plus an added title entry for title variationAdded entries colored plus an added title entry for title variation

(“SIGNPOSTS”)(“SIGNPOSTS”) DATADATA MARC TAGS fields MARC TAGS fields

1.1. Main entry, personal name Main entry, personal name with a single surname: with a single surname: The name:The name: Arnosky, Jim.Arnosky, Jim. 100 1# 100 1# $a $a

2. Title and Statement of 2. Title and Statement of responsibility area, pick responsibility area, pick up title for a title added up title for a title added entry, file under "Ra..." entry, file under "Ra..."

Title proper:Title proper: Raccoons and Raccoons and ripe cornripe corn 245 10 245 10 $a $a

Statement of responsibility:Statement of responsibility:Jim Arnosky. Jim Arnosky. $c$c

3.3. Edition area: Edition area: Edition statement: Edition statement: 1st ed.1st ed. 250##250## $a$a

4. Publication, distribution, 4. Publication, distribution, etc., area:etc., area:

Place of publication:Place of publication: New York :New York : 260##260## $a$aName of publisher: Name of publisher: Lothrop, Lee & Lothrop, Lee &

Shepard Books,Shepard Books, $b$bDate of publication: Date of publication: c1987. c1987. $c$c

"SIGNPOSTS“"SIGNPOSTS“ DATADATA MARC TAGSMARC TAGS5. Physical description area: 5. Physical description area:

Pagination:Pagination: 25 p. :25 p. : 300##300## $a$a

Illustrative matter:Illustrative matter: col. ill. ;col. ill. ; $b$b

Size: Size: 26 cm. 26 cm. $c$c

6. Note area: 6. Note area: Summary: Summary: Hungry raccoons feast Hungry raccoons feast

at nightat night in a field of in a field of ripe ripe corn. corn. 520##520## $a $a

7. Subject added entries, from Library of 7. Subject added entries, from Library of Congress subject heading list for Congress subject heading list for children: children:

Topical subject: Topical subject: Raccoons.Raccoons. 650 #1650 #1 $a $a

8. Local call number:8. Local call number: 599.74 ARN599.74 ARN 900##900## $a$a

9. Local barcode number:9. Local barcode number: 80098009 901##901## $a$a

10. Local price:10. Local price: $15.00$15.00 903##903## $a$a

Some RulesSome Rules1XXfields (main entries)1XXfields (main entries)4XXfields (series statements)4XXfields (series statements)6XXfields (subject headings)6XXfields (subject headings)7XXfields (added entries other than subject or series)7XXfields (added entries other than subject or series)8XXfields (series added entries)8XXfields (series added entries)

X00Personal namesX00Personal namesX10Corporate namesX10Corporate namesX11Meeting namesX11Meeting namesX30Uniform titlesX30Uniform titlesX40Bibliographic titlesX40Bibliographic titlesX50Topical termsX50Topical termsX51Geographic namesX51Geographic names

For example, 610: subject heading that is a corporate nameFor example, 610: subject heading that is a corporate name

A MARC Authority RecordA MARC Authority Record

010 __ ‡a n 97011884 010 __ ‡a n 97011884

035 __ ‡a (DLC)n 97011884035 __ ‡a (DLC)n 97011884

040 __ ‡a DLC ‡c DLC ‡d DLC040 __ ‡a DLC ‡c DLC ‡d DLC

100 1_ ‡a Bilal, Dania, ‡d 1956-100 1_ ‡a Bilal, Dania, ‡d 1956-

400 1_ ‡a Meghabghab, Dania Bilal, ‡d 1956-400 1_ ‡a Meghabghab, Dania Bilal, ‡d 1956-

670 __ ‡a Automating media centers and small libraries, 1997: 670 __ ‡a Automating media centers and small libraries, 1997: ‡b CIP t.p. (Dania Bilal Meghabghab; Valdosta State Univ.) ‡b CIP t.p. (Dania Bilal Meghabghab; Valdosta State Univ.) CIP data sheet (b. Sept. 14, 1956)CIP data sheet (b. Sept. 14, 1956)

670 __ ‡a Automating media centers and small libraries, 2002: 670 __ ‡a Automating media centers and small libraries, 2002: ‡b CIP t.p. (Dania Bilal; Assistant Professor, School of ‡b CIP t.p. (Dania Bilal; Assistant Professor, School of Information Sciences, University of Tennessee-Knoxville)Information Sciences, University of Tennessee-Knoxville)

MARC Record in XMLMARC Record in XML<?xml version="1.0"?> <?xml version="1.0"?>

<record><record>

............

<datafield tag="100" ind1="1" ind2=""><datafield tag="100" ind1="1" ind2="">

<subfield code="a"><subfield code="a">Milton, Ohmer. </subfield> </subfield> </datafield></datafield>

<datafield tag="245" ind1="1" ind2="0"><datafield tag="245" ind1="1" ind2="0">

<subfield code="a"> <subfield code="a"> Making sense of college grades / </subfield> / </subfield>

<subfield code="c"><subfield code="c">Ohmer Milton, Howard R. Pollio, James A. Eison; foreword by Laura Bornholdt. </subfield> . </subfield>

</datafield></datafield>

............

<datafield tag="700" ind1="1" ind2=""><datafield tag="700" ind1="1" ind2="">

<subfield code="a"><subfield code="a">Eison, James A.</subfield> </subfield>

<subfield code="d"><subfield code="d">1950- </subfield> </subfield>

</datafield></datafield>

</record></record>

Metadata CrosswalksMetadata Crosswalks

A crosswalk is a mapping of the A crosswalk is a mapping of the elementselements, , semanticssemantics, and , and syntaxsyntax from one metadata from one metadata scheme to those of another. For example,scheme to those of another. For example,

MARC to MARC XMLMARC to MARC XML

MARC to/from MODSMARC to/from MODS

MARC to/from DCMARC to/from DC

DC to/from MODSDC to/from MODS

130; 130; 245245 $a, $b; 246; 740 ( $a, $b; 246; 740 (old old

recordsrecords))

100; 110; 111; 245 $c; 700; 710100; 110; 111; 245 $c; 700; 710

600 (personal); 610 (corporate); 600 (personal); 610 (corporate); 650 (topic); 653 (place)650 (topic); 653 (place)

010 (LCCN); 020 (ISBN); 022 010 (LCCN); 020 (ISBN); 022

(ISSN); 856 (URL)(ISSN); 856 (URL)

4xx (IsPartOf); 740 (HasPart)4xx (IsPartOf); 740 (HasPart)530 (HasFormat)530 (HasFormat)

Dublin Core & MARC MappingDublin Core & MARC Mapping

1.1. Title Title

2.2. Creator Creator

3.3. Subject Subject

10. Identifier10. Identifier

13. Relation13. Relation

Details are still under developmentDetails are still under development

Exercise 2Exercise 2

Metadata Records ObjectivesMetadata Records Objectives • to interpret cataloging records (content)to interpret cataloging records (content)• to encode using a coding schemeto encode using a coding scheme• to understand metadata crosswalk (mapping records between metadata to understand metadata crosswalk (mapping records between metadata

schemes) schemes)

Record AnalysisRecord AnalysisFor each of the two records shown in this assignment, identify the basic data For each of the two records shown in this assignment, identify the basic data

elements following Chan’s example on pages 15 and 16. Make sure you elements following Chan’s example on pages 15 and 16. Make sure you identify the main entry and all the added entries (There is an error in the identify the main entry and all the added entries (There is an error in the MARC record. Correct it accordingly.). Turn in your analysis. For the tags MARC record. Correct it accordingly.). Turn in your analysis. For the tags used in MARC record, visit MARC 21 at used in MARC record, visit MARC 21 at http://www.loc.gov/marc/bibliographic/ http://www.loc.gov/marc/bibliographic/

MARC EncodingMARC EncodingEncode the card catalog record into MARC format. You may use $ for ‡. Some Encode the card catalog record into MARC format. You may use $ for ‡. Some

fields (tags) use indicators. All subfields codes should be appropriately fields (tags) use indicators. All subfields codes should be appropriately used, but $a can be omitted. For semantics and syntax visit the site above.used, but $a can be omitted. For semantics and syntax visit the site above.


Metadata crosswalkMetadata crosswalkMap (translate) the cataloging records representing 2 works to Dublin Core records Map (translate) the cataloging records representing 2 works to Dublin Core records

(ANSI/NISO Z39.85 standard) in HTML format including only the following DC (ANSI/NISO Z39.85 standard) in HTML format including only the following DC elements:elements:

DC.titleDC.titleDC.creator [refine & scheme]DC.creator [refine & scheme]DC.subject [refine & scheme]DC.subject [refine & scheme]DC.publisherDC.publisherDC.contributorDC.contributorDC.dateDC.dateDC.identifierDC.identifierDc.relation [refine]Dc.relation [refine]

For example,<meta name="DC.creator.personal" scheme="LCNAF" content=" ">For example,<meta name="DC.creator.personal" scheme="LCNAF" content=" ">

<meta name="DC.subject.topic" scheme="LCSH" content=" "><meta name="DC.subject.topic" scheme="LCSH" content=" ">

<meta name="DC.relation.HasFormat" content=" "><meta name="DC.relation.HasFormat" content=" ">

<meta name="DC.relation.IsPartOf" content=" "><meta name="DC.relation.IsPartOf" content=" ">


What to turn in?What to turn in?

• Your analysis similar to Chan's example with revision accordinglyYour analysis similar to Chan's example with revision accordingly

• One MARC recordOne MARC record

• Two Dublin Core records (selected elements) in HTML formatTwo Dublin Core records (selected elements) in HTML format

Record #1 A Card RecordRecord #1 A Card Record Reference and information services : an introduction /

general editors, Richard E. Bopp, Linda C. Smith. – 2nd ed. Englewood, Colo. : Libraries Unlimited, 1995.xxiv, 626 p. : ill., maps ; 27 cm. – (Library science text

series)Includes bibliographical references and indexes.ISBN 1-56308-129-6 (paper)

1. Reference services (Libraries) 2. Information services. I. Bopp, Richard E. II. Smith, Linda C.

Z711.R443 1995

Reference and information services : an introduction / general editors, Richard E. Bopp, Linda C. Smith. – 2nd ed.

Englewood, Colo. : Libraries Unlimited, 1995.xxiv, 626 p. : ill., maps ; 27 cm. – (Library science text

series)Includes bibliographical references and indexes.ISBN 1-56308-129-6 (paper)

1. Reference services (Libraries) 2. Information services. I. Bopp, Richard E. II. Smith, Linda C.

Z711.R443 1995

III. Series

Record #2 A MARC RecordRecord #2 A MARC Record[FIXED FIELDS OMITTED][FIXED FIELDS OMITTED]070 0 ‡a HA202.S82070 0 ‡a HA202.S82110 2 ‡a U.S. Census Bureau 110 2 ‡a U.S. Census Bureau 245 10 ‡a Statistical abstract of the United States / 245 10 ‡a Statistical abstract of the United States /

‡c US Census Bureau.‡c US Census Bureau.260 ‡a Washington, DC: ‡b G.P.O., ‡c 1879-260 ‡a Washington, DC: ‡b G.P.O., ‡c 1879-300 ‡a v. : ‡b ill. ; ‡c 24cm.300 ‡a v. : ‡b ill. ; ‡c 24cm.310 ‡a Annual310 ‡a Annual362 ‡a 1st no. (1878)-362 ‡a 1st no. (1878)-500 ‡a “March 13, 1998.”500 ‡a “March 13, 1998.”530 ‡a Available on microfiche from W.S. Hein.530 ‡a Available on microfiche from W.S. Hein.530 ‡a Available on CD-ROM 530 ‡a Available on CD-ROM 538 ‡a Mode of access: World Wide Web.538 ‡a Mode of access: World Wide Web.651 0 ‡a United States ‡v Statistics ‡v 651 0 ‡a United States ‡v Statistics ‡v

Periodicals.Periodicals.856 41 ‡u 856 41 ‡u http://purl.access.gpo.gov/GPO/LPS2878http://purl.access.gpo.gov/GPO/LPS2878

http://www.ncd.gov/

http://www.ncd.gov/

Impromptu QuizImpromptu Quiz

• What is the difference between What is the difference between expressions and manifestations of expressions and manifestations of the same work?the same work?

• Why is metadata important for a Why is metadata important for a library and/or information library and/or information professional?professional?

• Identify a metadata scheme?Identify a metadata scheme?

• Why are there so many metadata Why are there so many metadata schemes?schemes?

Impromptu QuizImpromptu Quiz

• What is semantics and syntax for a What is semantics and syntax for a metadata scheme?metadata scheme?

• What are metadata crosswalks?What are metadata crosswalks?

• What are different formats for What are different formats for encoding metadata?encoding metadata?

• What processes are involved in What processes are involved in cataloging procedures for creating cataloging procedures for creating bibliographic records?bibliographic records?

Impromptu QuizImpromptu Quiz• What are new trends related to metadata What are new trends related to metadata

observable in contemporary IR systems?observable in contemporary IR systems?

• What are implications of the following on What are implications of the following on metadata:metadata:– Distributed environmentsDistributed environments– Heterogeneous workHeterogeneous work– Networked systemsNetworked systems– Electronic environmentElectronic environment– Information settingsInformation settings

• What is the importance of qualifiers (refinement, What is the importance of qualifiers (refinement, scheme, relation) in encoding? scheme, relation) in encoding?

Critical Reflection 6Critical Reflection 6• You are provided an OPAC record. Create a You are provided an OPAC record. Create a

MARC record for the same document.MARC record for the same document.

• You are provided a MARC record. Create an You are provided a MARC record. Create an OPAC record for the same document.OPAC record for the same document.

• You are provided a record from the card catalog, You are provided a record from the card catalog, an OPAC record, and a MARC record for the an OPAC record, and a MARC record for the same document. What differences are there in the same document. What differences are there in the ways that these three individually may provide ways that these three individually may provide access to the document? Which one do you most access to the document? Which one do you most prefer? Which one do you least prefer? Why? prefer? Which one do you least prefer? Why?

• Share your thoughts about what you found Share your thoughts about what you found most/least memorable in the above activities.most/least memorable in the above activities.

Documents

Metadata Encoding & Crosswalks