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METAL METAL HYDROGEN HYDROGEN STORAGE STORAGE SYSTEMSSYSTEMS
Andrew CraftAndrew Craft
University of HartfordUniversity of Hartford
Department of ChemistryDepartment of Chemistry
Energy SourcesEnergy Sources
Fossil FuelsFossil Fuels– CoalCoal– PetroleumPetroleum– Natural GasNatural Gas
Alternative EnergiesAlternative Energies– SolarSolar– NuclearNuclear– HydrogenHydrogen– Others - E85, Wind, Hydroelectric, Others - E85, Wind, Hydroelectric,
GeothermalGeothermal
Fossil FuelsFossil Fuels
Very DirtyVery Dirty– HealthHealth– EnvironmentalEnvironmental
Limited SupplyLimited Supply– 2030?2030?– 2050?2050?– Tomorrow?Tomorrow?
Why Hydrogen?Why Hydrogen?
Most energetic non-nuclear fuel.Most energetic non-nuclear fuel.– 2.5x as energetic as Natural Gas (methane) per 2.5x as energetic as Natural Gas (methane) per
gram.gram.
Burns cleanBurns clean– 2H2H22 + O + O22 2H 2H22OO
Abundant as water.Abundant as water.– 2H2H22O O 2H 2H22 + O + O22
Only basic technological changes needed.Only basic technological changes needed.
Why not Hydrogen as Fuel ?Why not Hydrogen as Fuel ?
Little, if any, net useful energyLittle, if any, net useful energy
Flammability
metal hydrogen systems may be a solution
Metal-Hydrogen Systems!Metal-Hydrogen Systems!
What is a Metal-Hydrogen System?What is a Metal-Hydrogen System?– a.k.a. Metal-Hydridea.k.a. Metal-Hydride
As the name implies, a metal As the name implies, a metal hydrogen system results from the hydrogen system results from the
absorption of hydrogen by a metal.absorption of hydrogen by a metal.
Once absorbed, the hydrogen is not flammable!!
Why Metal-Hydrides?Why Metal-Hydrides?
Pacification of hydrogen = Not Pacification of hydrogen = Not flammable!flammable!
Things to worry about with Things to worry about with Hydrogen Storage in MetalsHydrogen Storage in Metals
High storage capacityHigh storage capacity Fast charging & dischargingFast charging & discharging Cost (Cost (Who Killed The Electric Car?Who Killed The Electric Car?)) Non-extreme plateau pressuresNon-extreme plateau pressures Long service lifeLong service life
– cycling effects/ embrittlementcycling effects/ embrittlement– poisoningpoisoning
ActivationActivation
Possible Applications of Possible Applications of Metal Hydrogen SystemsMetal Hydrogen Systems
Fuel storage Fuel storage Fuel CellsFuel Cells BatteriesBatteries Refrigerators & heat pumpsRefrigerators & heat pumps Isotopic separation & hydrogen Isotopic separation & hydrogen
purificationpurification Window/Mirror technology ?Window/Mirror technology ?
HICE CarsHICE Cars
FORD
BMW
MAZDA
CADILLAC
FUEL CELL TECHNOLOGY
Courtesy of Louisiana Tech University
HONDA CLARITYHONDA CLARITY
The Governor Pumping UpThe Governor Pumping Up
California Hydrogen California Hydrogen HighwayHighway
Courtesy of California Fuel Cell Partnership
We’re almost We’re almost Famous!Famous!
http://www.wfsb.com/video/19http://www.wfsb.com/video/19142859/142859/
) )
The EndThe EndAcknowledgment: Acknowledgment:
Petroleum Research Petroleum Research FundFund
Thank You !Thank You !