Metal Spinning Book 1

7/29/2019 Metal Spinning Book 1

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Metal spinning.

New York city, The Industrial press, c1912.

http://hdl.handle.net/2027/loc.ark:/13960/t6vx0v19n

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ANDTOOLS

BOOKNO.57

Y,NEWYORK

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BOOKS

acomprehensiveSeriesofReferencebooksoriginated

ganindefinitenumberof compactunits,eachcovering

ewholeseriescomprisesa completeworkinglibrary

T he price o f e achbo o ks is25cents o ne sh i ll ing de -

rld.

Ca lcula t ingDi-

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SERIES

TINACOMPLETELIBRA RYOF

OPPRACTICE REV ISEDAND

INERY

g,byC. Tuells--- 3

MetalSpinning-, byWilliam

trialPress,Publishers ofMachinery

wYorkCity

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NING

ssofsheet metalgoodsmanufacturing

ngofsheetmetalintocircular shapesof

hel athe,formsandhand-tools,isfull of

rto itself.Itis thepurposeofthistreatise

nningingeneral,andto outlinesomeof

din spinningforrapidproduction.

ningare usedinagreat manylinesof

fthisworkarechandelierparts, cooking

ahollow-ware,automobilelamps,cane-

etmetalspecialties.Brass, copper, inc,

and, infactnearlyall metalsyieldreadily

stspinningis physicallyhardwork,and

asierand uickerthespinnercan transform

uct.

waysofformingpiecesofsheetmetal

by diesandbyspinning.By farthe

ofproducing uantitiesofthisclassof

buttherearemanycaseswhere itisim-

llow thiscourse.Diesareexpensiveand

breakage,whereasspinningformsare

ndarealmostnever damagedbyusebe-

tofwear.Thus itwillbe seenthatwhen

doesnotpaytomake costlydies.Again,

anyarticlesthatarespunare constantly

bydieseach changewouldnecessitateanew

rely a .ne wwo ode nf o rm isre u ire d a nd

nbe altered,costingpracticallynothing.

inningarethat inworkingsoftsteel, a

bespunthan canbedrawnwith dies

eedgesofshellsat littleexpense experi-

e uickly,and,addedto thesefeatures

ficult workthatcannotpossiblybe made

comparativeease.Itmust notbecon-

spinningis tobepreferredtodie work

yofcases, because,onthecontrary,die

lmethodofmanufacture,andshouldalways

productionwork.Thecasesalreadycited

o utso m e o the insta nces inwh ich ,f o r

ingistobe preferredtodiework.

,1909.

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P INN ING

theoperationofspinningisthe spinning

einmany respectsthismachineissimi-

uilt withoutback-gears,carriageorlead-

truction,and,onthe whole,verymuch

ke otherlathes,thespinninglatheis fit-

preferablyofwood,becauseofits lightness

,a l lo wingthe use o f f ouro rf iv e d iff e re nt

antfactor inspinning.Arbitraryrules

tbegiven, asthethickerthe stockthe

thuswhile1/32-inchironcan bereadily

16-inchiron wouldnecessitatereducing

nsper minute.Z incspinsbestat from

s co pperwo rkswe l la t800to 1 ,000 bra ss

racticallythesamespeed,from800 to1,200

owspeedof300 to600revolutionsiseffect-

Brittaniaandsilver spinbestatspeeds

ns.

ofthespinninglatheis theT-rest.The

eonthewaysof thelathe,andit hasat

or,a studaboutfourinchesin diameter

ghwhichisswiveledthe T-restproper.

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NING5

provisionismadeforraisingand lowering

stmaybeclampedin anydesiredposition

elshownbeneaththe ways.Therestproper

5inches long,similartoa woodturner's

ofthisarmare fromtwelvetosixteen

les.Theseholesare toreceivethepin

s areheldwhilespinning.The pinis

-inchsteel,turneddownon oneendto

rest.

hespinninglathe isthetail-center.

eordinarydead centerthatisin general

huck

rlyall spinnersusetherevolvingcenter,

lv ingcente ris% inchd iam e ter witho ut

heslong, andisfittedinto thesocketinwhich

nturn,f i t te dto the ta pe rhole in the ta il -

holein thesocketaretwo steelbuttons,

vexontheirfaces. Thesebuttonsactas

ctionto aminimum.

nning'

byspinningisdependenton theformor

talisspun.Forms areusedforplainspin-

heshellwillpermit ofitsbeingreadily

he spinninghasbeencompleted butwhen

chtha t itwi llno t dra w, a sthe m o lde rs

toemploysectionalchucks, similartothe

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P INN ING

allyspeaking,spinningformsaremade

eingboredandthreadedto fitthelathe

he mapleblocktoagreewith atemplet

mpleshell.Whennosampleis furnished:

utfromasketchor drawing ineither

adefor thethicknessofthe stock.When

sa re to be spun ,a l la l ike ,the f o rm isso m e -

e.Anothermethodis toturnthemaple

one shellmaybespunand cementedtoit

formis usedtospinthe balanceofthe

ning,formsare madeofcastironor steel,

mostsatisfactorysurfacetospinonand

pinningDifficult

uck

chuck,a s it issom e t ime sca l led ,is ,a sthe

huck orformwhichmaybe takenapart

hasbeenspunoverit. Asbeforestated,

kisonlyused whenthefinishedshellcould

dinaryformafter spinning.Afterashell

ionalchuck,theshell andthesectionsof

ed lengthwisefromthecoreofthe chuck.

ysection,itis aneasymattertoremove

eof theshell.Asthe sectionsareremoved,

core, slippedundertheretainingflangeand

ninganew shell.Thewholeoperationof

esectionsofa chucktakeslesstime than

he sect io nsare o f d if f ere nts i e s ,i t ise a sy

perorder.Likeotherforms, sectional

ormetal,accordingtothe re uirementsof

ningringarefirst madefromonepiece

turnedinacontinuousring andsplitwith

tis necessarytoaddasmall piecetothe

rthestocklost insplittingthesections.

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NING7

huck,knownto the tra de a sa p lug

se de x te ns ive ly inso me sho psincase swhe re

ionsor shouldersatbothends,and no

u ire d.Inm a kingthe p lug ,wh ich isa lwa ys

turnedtotakethe shellfromoneend

stdiameter.Intotheend ofthispartis

edthe endofthesecondpart, whichis

shell.Overthistwo-partplug theshell

m o f the she l l iscu to uta ndthe f irstha lf o f

wingthe shelltobewithdrawn. Thefirst

heplugisr eadyforuseagain.Fig. 4

gdifficult shellsthatordinarilywouldre-

.T he she l lsho wna tthe le f to f Fig .4 is f irs t

artonan ordinaryformthatendsatthis

wers

g,itis replacedontheformandwhile

wooden.arm,supportedwith apininthe

emetal o.roundthebulge-shapedendof

tationaryontheinsideofthe shell,actsas

ngform, andbythismethodas gooda

bespunwitha sectionalchuck.

ontubingor press-drawntubes,steel

Tubingmaybe readilyspunuponanarbor

xpandedtocomplywiththe shapeofshell

u ickly tha nthe shel lco u ldbe spunf ro m the

blanktothespinningform, ablock

o we r,isuse d se e Fig .6 .Fo l lo wersa re

theworkwith whichtheyareto beem-

ewiththe largestpossiblebearingonthe

aflatbottomtwelveinchesin diameterwould

followerhaving an11% -inchface,while

culdtake afollowerwitha 3% -inchface.

ottoms,conse uently,inspinningsuchas

sarytoemployhollowfollowers.Hollowfol-

urfacesturned,out tofittheends ofihs

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N NIN G

elargerpartof abeadisrapidly formed,

gasa spinningtoolandtheother corre-

During thisoperation,thepliersare, of

gheldagainstthe T-rest.

nningtools aretwoothertools also

wna sthe d ia m ondpo inta ndthe skimm e r.T he

ngthe edgesoftheshellduring thespin-

ngout centersorotherpartsof thework.

upthesurfaceofa shell,removhiga

oing so,theamountdependinguponthe

espinningproper.

NGFISH-TAIL BALLTOOLS

NGSKIMMERS

ariousFormsusedinSpinning

e cutfromalargenumberof shellsand

ecutexactlyalike, atoolknownas aswivel

se e Fig .9 iss im p ly a n iro nba rwitha

wivelsnearthecenter arounda'pinin the

movementofthearmthecutteris brought

p ie ce f ro m the she l lo f ex a ct ly the sa m e si e

successivestepsin spinning,letus

gofa copperhead-lighcreflector,andthe

henafewhundredpieces aretobemade.

e o f the b la nkre u ire d f oro ne o f the

ndwiththe s uareshearsthecoppersheets

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NING11

htho f an inch la rge re a chwa y.T he se s ua re s

larshearsandcut toroundshapesready

spinningform,ofkiln-driedmaple,is

thebeltthrownto thatstepofthecone

speednearestto1,200revolutions.From

s selectedwhosefacewillnearlycover the

o w upto the sp inne r.Ho ld inga b lank

stthe endoftheform, herunsthetail-

hefollowerjust hardenoughtoholdthe

ngthelathe,hecenters theblankby

se dge a ha rdwo o dstick.Asso o na sit l ine s

e rupa l itt le ha rde ra ndcla mpsit inp la ce.So m e

a b la nkwith the la the runn ing,butth is is

metimestheblankwill gosailingacrossthe

truinguptheblank andforthisreason

o haveawiregratingat thefurtherside

iousaccidents forasheetmetalblank isa

gatthehighrate ofspeedwhichis imparted

soapissometimesusedforeconomical

htlyrubsthe rapidlyrevolvingblankandthen

sttoa pointnearenoughtotheblank to

hthe spinningtool.Holdingthehandle

derhisri ghtarmpitandusingthe tool

e restasafulcrum, heslowlyforcesthe

ctionofthebodyof theform,neverallow-

pot, butconstantlyworkingitin andout,

eway outtotheedgeo.f thediskand

ckfora newstroke.Inthe meantimehis

sho rtp ie ce o f ha rdwo o d ca l ledthe ba ck-

reverseside ofthemetalata constantly

etool.The objectoftheback-stickis to

ingasitis stretchedtowardtheedgeof

hemetaltocrack attheedgesandfor this

fromthestockasmuch aspossible.

pinningtoolhavebeen taken,theshell'

atB,Fig. 12,andatthis pointitis neces-

edgeswith thediamond-pointtool.Trim-

espinningstretchesthestock andtheresult-

splitsinthemetalif itisnot trimmed

ris knownbyhischips, soaspinneris

kstretches.Whilethe evenpressureof

thestockverylittle, theunevenpressure

willlead himintoallsorts oftroubleon

o ckwil l go . Ine itherca se the m eta la lway s

on inwhichthesheet stockwasoriginally

ngtheedgeaslight ovalshape.Intrimming

a swa b o f clo th justa bo ve the d ia mo ndpo in t ,

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N NIN G

f lying in to his f a ce a ndey e s o rtho se of

etalsthe swabisunnecessary.

shape.Witheachsuccessivestrokethe

fthemetalagainstthe form.Notonlydoes

but ithardensitas well therefore,atthe

sarytoannealthepartiallycompletedreflector,

ttoa lowredin agasfurnace.In running

commonpracticeisto spinthemallas far

ng,andafterannealingthe wholelot,to

on theform,itis trimmedandworked

duallyassumingtheappearanceshownat

P

nSpinningaReflector

rgoesback tothesmallradiusat thefront

ball toolheclosesthe annealedmetalhard

thespinninghastendedtopull thestock

hispoint.Thebodyof thereflectorisnow

thespinnerdirectshis attentiontorolling

ge.Slowlyhebeginsto rolltheedgeof the

tooltocompletethebead asfaraspossible

theback-stickfirmlyagainstthemetal

out. Now,withthediamondpoint, he

m,andwiththe beadingtoolclosesdown

erest oftheshell,as shownatE.Lastly,

intheproperhole oftheT-restanda turn

ente rto the e xa cts i e ,a ndthe re fle ctoris

roughplacesremaintheyareeasilyre-

eskimmerordiamondpoint,and alittle

a finishedappearance.

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NING13

Fig. 7,A,B andCrepresentthe three

pinningashell likethatshownat C.An-

enstepsA andB.D isashell spunupon

andEand Faretwoviews ofashellspun

F ig.4,F beingthecompletedshell.G

ell tospin,onaccountof thesmallfollower

engthofthesmall diameteralsoaddstothe

hatmustbespun uponasectionalchuck,

f ornamentalspinning.Theballshown

ne p ie ce o f a lum inum and it ism o re o f a curio s ity

alspinning. Itwasfirst spunoveraform

ftheball completeandthestockfor the

ashorttube.Nexta woodensplitchuck

receivethefinishedendofthe ballandthe

undown andinuntilthe ballwascomplete

ttheend.This holewaspluggedandthe

ampleofMetalSpinning

talspinning,assumethe shapeshownin

20inchesindiameter,6 inchesdeep,and

a lto be use d is inc.T h is isa n in te rest ing

aparticularlydifficultone.Theshell can

ftwo spinningforms,suchasare illustrated

rmsshouldbe madeofkiln-driedmapleif

wshellstobe spun.Ifthereare many,

of castiron.Fig. 14showsthefirst formto

theoutsideoftheshell asfarasthe centers

ndthesepoints,theformis straight.The

asindicatedby thedottedlines,andfollower

workagainsttheform.The chieftrouble

rtingtheshell,becauseof thesmallfollower

wever,followerNo. 2maybesubstituted

ck againsttheformafew inches,andas

theshell,there willbenofurther danger

the incshe llto the sha pe of the f irst

p ro ba b ly hav e to be a nnea le d ,butth isca no n ly be

ealing inc,theflameshouldnot beallowed

lfcompletedshellisthen putonformNo.

easymatterto spinthemetalroundto

edline showsthepositionofthe shellbefore

espinning.Ofcourse, itwillbe understood

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N NIN G

mmedseveraltimesduringthespinning,and

ntlydone,awell-shapedshellshouldresult.

,followerNo.3 mustbeused.Either

fre uentlyrubbedovertheworkwhile

tocutout thecenter,itc anbedonebefore

elast formbysimplyremovingthefollower

tool, orinlargeproduct worktheswivel

hellwill clingtotheform withoutthe

edshouldbe from800to1,000R. P.M.

ningis acomparativelysimpleoneto

arned,andto-daygoodall-aroundspinners

ofaccuracyare notascloselydefinedas

buttherearetimeswhen goodfitsare

caseswheretwo shellsmustslipsnugly

havetakenuponlythe plainevery-day

wetofollow itsworkin thegoldand

ldseei tevolveintoafine art.Inorder

comingfromthespinninglathe,thereis

ethatthespinnermusthave.That knowl-

therandsummedup byasingleword

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DIN

chapteristodescribe indetailthevari-

metalsothat atool-makerormachinist

etalspinner,will beabletomakehis own

peedlathe,andmake thesimpleforms

redinexperimentalwork.To dothisintelli-

ollowindetaileverystepin metalspinning

annealing,pickling,dipping,burnishing,

tomake thesimplerformsofspinning

seonthedifferentkindsof metals,what

ngchuck of,andhowfar themetalcanbe

catedandelaborateshapes,is anart

ft,andthemanis trulyanartistthatcan

outlinesin metal,especiallywhenonlya

da ndthe co stwi llno ta l lo wo f ma kingspe cia l

ndwith nooutlinechuckstogovernhis

deby skillandmanipulationoftoolsalone.

thatof theRussianmetalworker,who,

a v a se o ro rna m e nto f o ne p ie ce ,cu tsupse ve ra l

emtogether,after coveringthemwith

wo rkto d isgu ise h ispo o rm e ta lwo rk.

eRussianwork, butnevertheworkof

re severalgradesofspinners,mostof

killof themodel-makerorthefacilityfor

als.Amanthat hashadseveralyearsof

orcopperwouldnot beabletospinbritan-

tstretchingittoa veryuneventhickness.

erthanthe othermetalsmentioned,theyre-

u ire m ore pre ssure in f o rming ,a nd if the

essureonthe softermetals,hewouldstretch

eywouldbeperhapsone- uarterofthe

sand cornerswherethestrainin spinning

ould ruinthearticles.Thebest testfor

stotakea longdifficultshape,afterbeing

engthwise,and ifthevariationinthick-

ntof theoriginalgage,it isgoodpractice.

thin 10percentof thegageonordinary

countryismostlyfollowedbyforeigners.

gthebest. TheAmericanthathasintelli-

April, 1910.

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SP INN IN G

beafirst-classspinner, willgenerallylook

eraboutthetimethat hehasthetrade

a tio nthatca nno tbe fo l lo we dup ino lda ge,

peratorbeingon hisfeetconstantly,and

wellashis muscles.

SpinningChucks

a patternmaker'sfaceplate,withatap-

cientforholdingthewoodchuck. Thehole

sametaperasthe screw,thusgivingan

astraighthole onlyisused,and itisnot

gtothe plate,itwill onlyhaveabearing

difthe chuckistakenoff andreplacedonthe

e.Careshould alsobetakento faceoff

rto slightlyrecessit,so thatitwill screw

plate,asa highcenterwillcause ittorock

ve inche s it isbe stto hav e thre e orf o ur

enter screw.Theholesfor thesecanbe

circle intheironfaceplate,and drilledand

avetwiceas manyholesasscrews that

hereshould beeightholes,sothat ifthe

atanytimeandthe woodhasshrunk,it

fa revolutionfurtherthantheoriginal

sedseveraltimes,it isbetterpractice

and screwthechuckdirectly tothe

gthefaceplate.Thisthread canbechased

l,wheretheoperatorhasthe skill,or

edout andaspecialwoodtap used.Such

boredhollow,therebeinga wallabout

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Metal Spinning Book 1