Metal Spinning - Practical Instruction

8/8/2019 Metal Spinning - Practical Instruction

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;2 CF\KE ]RNDDNDI

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CF\KE ]RNDDNDI ;=

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;< CF\KE ]RNDDNDI



CF\KE ]RNDDNDI ;6

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|gk| |gn} ck~ af ljdf yn|gjv| |gf |jje }enrrndi jd

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rnd$

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hn| nd|j T#nd$ gjef} ajqfl nd |gf qf}|$

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v}fl nd |gf }rnddndi rqjmf}}$ \gn} cnig| af

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;8 CF\KE ]RNDDNDI



CF\KE ]RNDDNDI ;9

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mkqqnkif

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ynee af fwrfqnfdmfl nd |gn} lnqfm|njd$

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mfd|fq}% hndkee~ mjdmevlfl |gk| |gn} jdf hneefl kee qf#

{vnqfcfd|} af||fq |gkd kd~ j|gfq gf gkl fxfq }ffd

jq v}fl$

\yj |gndi} kqf ka}jev|fe~ dfmf}}kq~ nd kd~ mfd#

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enig|mjd|km| cv}| af ofr| af|yffd |gf fdl jh |gf

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j|gfq yjql}% |gfqf cv}| af ka}jev|fe~ dj }enrrndi

k| |gn} rjnd|$ \gf }fmjdl 0 |gn} rjq|njd jh |gf

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yfkq jd |gf qfckndlfq jh |gf mfd|fq ygnmg n} nd#

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?

av| fwrfqnfdmf gk} }gjyd |gk| |gf |yj mfd|fq} gfqf

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ygnmg |gf yqn|fq |qnfl k} k qf}ve| jh }jcf |qjvaefygnmg gf gkl yn|g |gf |jr mfd|fq }gjyd nd Hni$ <%

kdl afhjqf gf v}fl |gf jdf }gjyd nd |gf mfd|fq jh



;7 CF\KE ]RNDDNDI

|gn} neev}|qk|njd$ N| gk} |gf klxkd|kif jh gkxndi

av| jdf cjxndi cf|ke rkq|% ygnmg }fqxf} k ijjl rvq#rj}f nd }jcf qf}rfm|}% xnp% n| qflvmf} |j k cndn#

cvc |gf |qjvaef lvf |j ckd~ rkq|}$ Jd |gf ygjef%

|gf cnllef mfd|fq }gjyd nd Hni$ < rqjxf} |gf cj}|

}k|n}hkm|jq~$

\gf }|jmo mfd|fq n} cklf nd |gqff rkq|} K% A kdl

M$ K kdl M kqf mk}|#nqjd rkq|} kdl A n} k yk}gfq

cklf jh }jcf gkql }va}|kdmf }vmg k} gkql qvaafq

jq xvemkdnpfl hnafq% kiknd}| ygnmg mk}|#nqjd ynee qvd

hqffe~$ A n} }vrrj}fl |j hn| |nig|e~ vrjd |gf rnd jh

M }j |gk| K kejdf qfxjexf} ygfd |gf mfd|fq n} hnqce~

rqf}}fl kiknd}| |gf ln}o jh cf|ke |j af }rvd$ Kck~ af cklf nd lnhhfqfd| }gkrf} |j kmmjccjlk|f

lnhhfqfd| hjqc} kdl }npf} nd }rnddndi kdl }gjvel af

evaqnmk|fl a~ jmmk}njdkee~ lqjrrndi jne vrjd |gf rndjh M$ \gn} rnd }gjvel dj| fd|fq K hkq|gfq |gkd n}

dfmf}}kq~ |j hjqc k ijjl afkqndi% kdl }gjvel hn|

kajv| k} |nig|e~ nd K k} k }gkh| nd k gnig#iqklf ck#

mgndf hn|} nd n|} afkqndi$ \gf jdf lnhhnmve|~ ygnmg

|gf yqn|fq gk} gkl yn|g |gn} mfd|fq% k} yfee k} yn|g

|gf }fmjdl mfd|fq lf}mqnafl% n} |gf ncrj}}nanen|~ jh

ckondi|gf lnkcf|fq jh

K}ckee

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ynee dk|vqkee~ af }rvd cjqf |gkd ekqif jdf}% n|

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ndi ijjl qf}ve|}$ \gf mfd|fq }gjyd k| |gf aj||jc

54h Hni$ < yk} hjvdl |j jxfqmjcf |gn} lnhhnmve|~ af#

mkv}f |gf qfxjexndi rkq| jh |gf mfd|fq mkd af |vqdfl

k} }ckee k} jdf lf}nqf}$ Gfqf% gjyfxfq% n| }gjvel

af cfd|njdfl |gk|% nh |gf fdl afkqndi }vqhkmf nd mjd#

|km| yn|g |gf yjqo n} cklf |jj }ckee% k rfqhfm|



CF\KE ]RNDDNDI ;>

mjd|km| af|yffd |gf |kne mfd|fq kdl |gf yjqo mkddj|

af }fmvqfl kdl k xfq~ vdlf}nqkaef }enrrndi ynee

jmmvq$ N| n} |qvf% dfxfq|gfef}}% |gk| }ckee yjqo qf#

{vnqf} }enig| rqf}}vqf hqjc |gf |jje% kdl% k} k qf}ve|%

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ekqif yjqo$ K }ckee mfd|fq% |gfd% hjq }ckee yjqo

n} k} }fqxnmfkaef% mjcrkqk|nxfe~% k} k ekqif mfd|fq

n} hjq ekqif yjqo$

\gf mfd|fq neev}|qk|fl nd |gf cnllef jh Hni$ < gk}

|gqff rkq|} k} ljf} |gf }|jmo mfd|fq% av| |yj jh

|gfc% K kdl A% kqf cjxkaef% jq }vrrj}fle~ }j?

ygfqfk}% nd |gf hnq}| mfd|fq lf}mqnafl% jde~ jdf rkq|%

K% n} }vrrj}fl |j qfxjexf$ K n} k rnfmf jh yjjl?A

n} cklf jh yqjvig| nqjd jq }|ffe?M n} rqfhfqkae~

cklf jh |gf }kcf ck|fqnke k} A$ N| gk} affd }|k|fl

|gk| aj|g K kdl A kqf }vrrj}fl |j qfxjexf$ ]vmg

qfxjev|njd n} dj| dfmf}}kq~% gjyfxfq$ Nh K qfxjexf}

vrjd A% |gf dfmf}}kq~ qf{vnqfcfd|} kqf hvehneefl?

jq% nh K kdl A |jif|gfq qfxjexf% |gf }kcf qf}ve|}

kqf ja|kndfl?enofyn}f nh K qfxjexf} }enig|e~ vrjd

A% kdl A qfxjexf} }ejye~ nd M% |gf }kcf qf}ve| n} ja#

|kndfl$ Gfqfnd enf} jdf }vrrj}fl jq nckindkq~

klxkd|kif ygnmg |gn} mfd|fq gk} jxfq |gf }|jmomfd|fq% xnp% |gk| nh jdf rkq|% K% }|nmo} vrjd kdj|gfq%

A% }ncnekqe~ nh A }|nmo} nd M |gfqf }|nee qfcknd} |gf

rj}}nanen|~ jh k rfqhfm| afkqndi k| k }fmjdl rjnd|$

Ygnef |gn} n} vdljva|fle~ |qvf% |gfqf n} keyk~} |gf

rj}}nanen|~ jh aj|g K kdl A }|nmondi% kdl k} |gn}

mfd|fq gk} cjqf rkq|} |gkd |gf j|gfq}% |gfqf n} cjqf

lkdifq

jh n|}

if||ndi

jv| jh jqlfq$ Hvq|gfqcjqf% k}

K n} cklf jh yjjl% n| ynee avqd k} n| qfxjexf} vrjd

A% vdef}} |gf cjxfcfd| af|yffd K kdl A n} }enig|%

jq K n} yfee evaqnmk|fl vrjd A$ Jh mjvq}f% n| n} kd



12 CF\KE ]RNDDNDI

fk}~

ck||fq |j

lvrenmk|fK% kdl n|

ck~af }knl gfqf

|gk| n| n} yfee |j gkxf k dvcafq jh |gn} rkq| jh |gf

mfd|fq nd }|jmo$ K aqjjc gkdlef% }kyfl nd|j jdf#

ndmg efdi|g} yn|g |gf rqjrfq gjef lqneefl k| |gf

mfd|fq jh fkmg }kyfl#jhh rkq|% ynee rqjxnlf rnfmf}hjq k mjd}nlfqkaef efdi|g jh |ncf$

\gfqf n} kd nlfk kcjdi }jcf }rnddfq} |gk| |gf

rkq| mjcndi nd mjd|km| yn|g |gf cf|ke |j af }rvd}gjvel af cklf jh yjjl }j |gk| k af||fq !}|nmo! ck~af }fmvqfl |gkd n} rj}}naef yn|g k cf|ke fdl$

Ygf|gfq |gn} n} k hkm| jq dj|% gjyfxfq% cv}| af lf#

mnlfl a~ fkmg yjqockd$ N| n} }jcf|ncf} hjvdl

klxkd|kifjv} |j rv| k en||ef qf}nd jd |gf fdl jh |gf

mfd|fq nd jqlfq |j ndmqfk}f |gf hqnm|njd af|yffd n|

kdl |gf cf|ke |j af }rvd$ Kiknd% ygfd |gf rkq| Kn} cklf jh yjjl% n| n} rj}}naef |j lqnxf nd|j |gf fdl

dfw| |j |gf yjqo k hfy }ckee aqkl}$ )\gf}f ck~ af

efh| fw|fdlndi hqjc |gf mfd|fq#fdl `v}| fdjvig |j

mk|mg jd |gf ln}o k} n| qfxjexf} nd |gf }rnddndi

rqjmf}}$

Kd~ jdf jh |gf |gqff mfd|fq} lf}mqnafl yjqo yfee%

av|% k} gk} affd nd|nck|fl% dj| k| kee |ncf} rfq#

hfm|e~$ N afenfxf |gfqf n} kd jrrjq|vdn|~ hjq }jcf#

jdf |j lfxn}f k cjqf rfqhfm| }rnddndi mfd|fq$ N gkxf

yjdlfqfl nh }jcf akee afkqndi qfd|fq cnig| dj|

}jexf |gf rqf}fd| lnhhnmve|nf}$ ]vmg k mfd|fq n} neev}#

|qk|fl nd Hni$ N$ N| gk} affd v}fl yn|g }vmmf}} nd

}mgjje yjqo kmmjqlndi |j |gf }|k|fcfd| jh |gf nd#

lnxnlvke ygj lfxn}fl n|$



MGKR\FQ NN

\JJE]

\gf |jje} v}fl a~ cf|ke }rnddfq} kqf lnhhnmve| |j

dkcf$ Xfq~ hfy }rnddndi jrfqk|njd} qf{vnqf |gf

v}f jh kd~ jdf rkq|nmvekq |jje$ \gn} hkm| mjd|qnav|f}

|j |gf rqf}fd| mjdln|njd qfikqlndi cf|ke }rnddndi|jje} nd ifdfqke% xnp0 \gf~ kqf v}vkee~ dj| |j af

hjvdl nd }|jmo kdl% ygfd hjvdl% |gf hjqc} v}fl hjq

|gf lnhhfqfd| rqjmf}}f} xkq~ mjd}nlfqkae~ nd lnhhfq#

fd| }fm|njd} jh |gf mjvd|q~$ \gfqf kqf k hfy }|kdl#

kql hjqc}% gjyfxfq% kdl ygnef n| n} |qvf |gk| jel

}rnddfq} v}vkee~ ckof |gfnq jyd |jje}% |gf~ mjd#

hjqc |j qfivekq rqkm|nmf nd ckondi |gf}f hfy }|kdl#

kql hjqc}$

\gf |jje} mjccjde~ }rjofd jh a~ |gf ckmgndn}|

k} |gf gkdl#|jje lnkcjdl rjnd| kdl |gf mv|#jhh |jje

kqf |gf jde~ flif |jje} v}fl nd cf|ke }rnddndi ?

mjd}f{vfd|e~% |gfqf n} en||ef lkdifq jh |gf jrfqk|jq

afndi mv| ygnef }rnddndi cf|ke$ \j knl hvq|gfq nd

fencndk|ndi |gf hkm|jq jh lkdifq nd |gf v}f jh |jje}%

dfkqe~ kee }rnddndi |jje}% fwmfr| |gf kajxf#cfd#|njdfl |yj% ck~ af v}fl yn|g |gf fdl jh |gf |jje

rekmfl vdlfq |gf yjqo$ Nd cj}| ek|gf rqjmf}}f} |gf

|jje} kqf rv}gfl nd|j k qfxjexndi rnfmf jq rekmfl jd

|jr jh n| k} n} |gf mk}f nd }jcf ondl} jh yjjl |vqd#

ndi$ \gn} hfk|vqf jh mjcrkqk|nxf }khf|~ n} jdf

ygnmg qfmjccfdl} n|}feh |j ckd~ ygj mjd|fcrek|f

}|kq|ndi cf|ke }rnddndi nd }mgjje}$

Afmkv}f kee }rnddndi |jje} kqf v}fl a~ rqf}}ndi|gfnq fdl} kiknd}| |gf yjqo% mjd}nlfqkaef hqnm|njd



11 CF\KE ]RNDDNDI

qf}ve|}% kdl |j cndncnpf |gn} k} cvmg k} rj}}naef%

|gf |jje} nd k }rnddfq)} on|% fwmfr| |gj}f cfd|njdflhjq mv||ndi kdl |qnccndi '|gf lnkcjdl rjnd| kdl

mv||ndi#jhh |jje}.% }gjvel af iqjvdl rfqhfm|e~

}cjj|g kdl |gfd yfee rjen}gfl yn|g fcfq~$

N gkxf }knl n| n} lnhhnmve| |j hndl }rnddfq}) |jje}

ofr| nd }|jmo$ Rfqgkr} |gn} n} |gf qfk}jd yg~ |gfnq

dkcf} kqf dj| yfee odjyd$ Nd |keondi yn|g kd jel

}rnddfq mjdmfqdndi |gf dkcf} jh |gf |jje} nd gn} }f|%

gf }knl% !Yg~ }nq% N gkxf affd k }rnddfq hjq |gnq|~

~fkq} nd ]yflfd kdl nd |gf Vdn|fl ]|k|f} kdl n|

}ffc} k} |gjvig N gkl keyk~} odjyd gjy |j v}f

fxfq~ |jje jd |gn} }gfeh% av| N mkddj| inxf ~jv |gf

dkcf jh jdf jh |gfc$ K} k aj~ N yk} mkqfhvee~

|kvig| gjy% yg~ kdl ygfqf |j v}f fkmg jdf av| N

keyk~}gfkql |gfc mkeefl )|gn} |jje) jq )|gk| |jje$)

N ljd)| afenfxf |gf~ gkxf kd~ dkcf}$! N }viif}|fl|gk| dj jdf jvig| |j af af||fq rqfrkqfl |j dkcf

}rnddfq}) |jje} |gkd gf kh|fq gn} enhf)} fwrfqnfdmf kdl

}j% yn|g }jcf rfq}vk}njd% gf }viif}|fl |gf dkcf}ygnmg N }gkee v}f nd mjddfm|njd yn|g |gf |jje} lf#

}mqnafl kdl neev}|qk|fl nd |gf dfw| hfy rkif}$ ]jcfyfqf dkcfl afmkv}f jh |gfnq }gkrf% kdl hjq j|gfq}

dkcf} yfqf }viif}|fl a~ |gf ondl jh yjqo ygnmg

|gf~ rfqhjqcfl$

Nd |gf kxfqkif }f| jh |jje} nd kd fwrfq| }rnddfq)}}f| ynee af hjvdl hqjc jdf |j |yj ljpfd hjqc}$

NXqgkr} dj| cjqf |gkd }nw jq fnig| |jje} kqf nd jq#

lndkq~ v}f$ K} n| n} yn|g cj}| }rfmnken}|}% |gf

ndlnxnlvke cf|ke }rnddfq ynee mjeefm| k dvcafq jh

hjqc} ygnmg gf ynee v}f jde~ jdmf nd k iqfk| ygnef$

N }gkee ckof qfhfqfdmf |j jde~ }nw jh |gf cjqf nc#

rjq|kd| |jje} gfqf% kdl N xfd|vqf |j }k~ hqjc }jcf



CF\KE ]RNDDNDI 1=

fwrfqnfdmf |gk| kd~ }rnddndi fwmfr| |gk| ygnmg

ck~af

lf}nidk|flk}

!}rfmnke!mkd af ljdf yn|g k

rkq| jq kee jh |gf}f$

\gf qjvdl#dj}f% Hni$ 6% n} cklf jh n*hm#nd$ qjvdl%

gfwkijdke jq jm|kijdke }|ffe$ Qjvdl }|jmo% hjq |gf

yjqo ygnmg |gn} |jje ljf}% n} rqjakae~ |gf af}|$ N|

n} hjqifl nd|j |gf lf}nqfl }gkrf kdl k| efk}| = nd$ jh

|gf fdl mkqfhvee~ iqjvdl ? rqjakae~ jdf#gkeh jq cjqf

jh |gn} ln}|kdmf

jvig||j af rjen}gfl$ \gf ondl jh

yjqo |j af ljdf% kdl |gf rfmvenkq |k}|f} jh |gf

yjqockd mkd kejdf lf|fqcndf# |gf fwkm| }gkrf cj}|

}vn|kaef hjq |gn} jq j|gfq |jje}$ Hjq |gn} qfk}jd |yj

jq |gqff qjvdl#dj}f |jje}% xkq~ndi nd hjqc hqjc |gf

ejdi |j |gf }gjq| rjnd|fl% ck~ af v}fl |j klxkd#

|kif$ \gf fw|qfcf fdl cv}| dj| af k }gkqr rjnd|

nd kd~ mk}f hjq hfkq jh n|} mk|mgndi |gf qfxjexndi

cf|ke kdl |fkqndi n|$ N| n} klxn}kaef% gjyfxfq% nd

jqlfq |j rqf}} |gf |jje nd|j }ckee iqjjxf}% |j gkxf

|gf fdl k} rjnd|fl k} rj}}naef kdl ~f| gkxf n|

}enig|e~ qjvdlfl$

\gf qjvdl#dj}f n} v}fl |j k iqfk|fq jq ef}} lfiqff

kmmjqlndi |j |gf qfivekqn|~ jh hjqc nd |gf ja`fm|

afndi }rvd% av|% nd ifdfqke% n| n} v}fl |j |gf fwmev#

}njd jh kee j|gfq} nd }|kq|ndi |j }rnd k rnfmf% kdl a~ckd~ yjqocfd n| n} v}fl cjqf |gkd kd~ j|gfq jdf

|jje$ N| n} f}rfmnkee~ v}fhve nd mjcrqf}}ndi cf|ke

nd|j mkxn|nf} kdl nd rqf}}ndi jv| kd~ nqqfivekqn|nf}

jq yqndoef} afhjqf qfcjxndi yjqo hqjc |gf ek|gf$

\gf |jje ygnmg n} rqjakae~ k} lnhhnmve| jh mjd#

}|qvm|njd k} kd~ n} }gjyd nd Hni$ 8 kdl% hjq ekmo jh

k af||fq dkcf% ynee af mkeefl |gf qkn}ndi#vr |jje$

K} |gn} |jje n} v}fl nd jrfqk|njd} ygnmg qf{vnqf

mjd}nlfqkaef hjqmf krrenfl a~ |gf yjqockd% kdl%



1< CF\KE ]RNDDNDI

X



CF\KE ]RNDDNDI 16

ke}j% afmkv}f nd hjqindi |gf |jje k dfmo n} hjqcfl

}ckeefq |gkd |gf qfivekq }|jmo% n| n} yfee |j v}f }|ffe

k |qnhef ekqifq |gkd |gk| v}fl hjq |gf qjvdl#dj}f$

Ygfqf T#nd$ }|jmo n} v}fl hjq |gf |jje `v}| lf#

}mqnafl% &#nd$ jq fxfd &#nd$ ck|fqnke mkd rqjhn|kae~

af v}fl nd |gf mjd}|qvm|njd jh |gf jdf djy vdlfq

ln}mv}}njd$ Gfwkijdke jq jm|kijdke }|ffe n} ifdfq#

kee~ mjd}nlfqfl cjqf lf}nqkaef hjq |gf qkn}ndi#vr

|jje |gkd qjvdl }|jmo$ \gf hjqindi jh |gn} |jje

cv}| af ljdf yn|g k iqfk| lfke jh mkqf$ \gf hnq}|

rqjmf}} n} |j vr}f| |gf fdl jh |gf |jje$ \gf }fmjdl

rqjmf}} n} |j lqky ljyd |gf dfmo% efkxndi k odjajh cf|ke jd |gf fdl ygnmg n} }vhhnmnfd| nd }npf |j

hjqc |gf hndn}gfl fdl$ \gfqf n} jdf lkdifq kiknd}|ygnmg |gf hjqifq cv}| mjd}|kd|e~ ivkql nd vr}f|#

|ndikdl

gkccfqndi|gf |jje nd|j

}gkrf$N qfhfq |j

|gf efkhndi jq ekrrndi jh cf|ke ygnmg% vdef}} k yfel#

ndi gfk| n} qfkmgfl% ynee efkxf }fkc} nd |gf hndn}gfl

|jje |gk| ynee ckof n| kecj}| v}fef}}$ Kiknd% nd

|fcrfqndi% iqfk| mkqf cv}| af |kofd dj| |j rqjlvmfk mqkmo nd |gf dfmo `v}| akmo jh |gf gfkl$ \gf v}f

|j ygnmg |gf qkn}ndi#vr |jje n} rqndmnrkee~ rv||gk| jh hjqcndi mjdmkxf aj||jc} jd ln}g hjqc} jq

jrfqk|njd} ygnmg qf{vnqf }vqhkmf} |j af }rvd mjd#

mkxf nd}|fkl jh mjdxfw |jykql |gf gfkl}|jmo

ckof} n| dfmf}}kq~ |gk| |gf gfkl jh |gn} |jje }gjvel

gkxf k ejaf efh| k| |gf rjnd| ef||fqfl K% Hni$ 8% nd

jqlfq |gk| |gf |jje mkd gjjo vdlfq |gf cf|ke kdl

lqky n| vr nd|j kd vdlfqmv| iqjjxf$

N gkxf fdlfkxjqfl |j ckof |gf lqkyndi} jh |gf}f

|jje} k} dfkqe~ mjqqfm| k} rj}}naef kmmjqlndi |j |gf

}viif}|njd} ygnmg N gkxf qfmfnxfl hqjc }rnddfq}kdl hqjc c~ jyd fwrfqnfdmf% kdl nd |gf mk}f jh |gn}



18 CF\KE ]RNDDNDI

K



CF\KE ]RNDDNDI 19

rkq|nmvekq |jje |gf hjqc k} neev}|qk|fl gk} affd

cklf yn|g }rfmnke mkqf$ N| }gjvel af dj|nmfl |gk||gf }vqhkmf} ML kdl FH kqf }enig|e~ mjdxfw jv|#

ykql$

\gf rekdn}gfq n} |gf dkcf inxfd |j |gf |jje mjd#

}nlfqfl |gnql nd ncrjq|kdmf$ Gfwkijdke &#nd$ }|ffe

n} v}fl |j ckof n| kdl n} gkccfqfl nd|j |gf hjqc

}gjyd nd Hni$ 9$ Kee |gk| rjq|njd jh |gf }|ffe ygnmg

gk} affd mgkdifl nd }gkrf a~ hjqindi |gf |jje

}gjvel af iqjvdl kdl rjen}gfl$ F}rfmnkee~% }gjvel

mkqf af |kofd |j gkxf |gf |yj hek| |krfqndi }vqhkmf}

|qvf kdl rfqhfm|e~ }cjj|g$ N| n} {vn|f ncrjq|kd|%

ke}j% |gk| |gf fdl }gjvel af }|qknig| yn|g qfhfqfdmf

|j |gf ynl|g jh |jje kdl dfk|e~ qjvdlfl yn|g qfhfq#

fdmf |j |gf |gnmodf}}$ \gf rqndmnrke v}f |j ygnmg |gn}

|jje n}

rv|n}

|gk|jh

kavqdn}gfq$ N| n}

v}fl%|gfqf#

hjqf% kecj}| fd|nqfe~ k} k hndn}gndi |jje$ \gf hek|

}vqhkmf} kqf rekmfl kiknd}| m~endlqnmke jq mjdnmke

}vqhkmf} kdl |gf fdl n} v}fl nd rfqhfm|ndi }ckee

iqjjxf} a~ rv}gndi n| nd|j |gf mjdmkxn|~ k} jdf

yjvel rv}g k mv||ndi#jhh |jje nd|j k rnfmf jh }rndlef

yjjl |vqdndi$

]j hkq yf gkxf }rjofd jh |jje} ygnmg }ffc |jgkxf affd lf}nidfl |j ckof mjdmkxf }vqhkmf}% rqnd#

mnrkee~% }vmg k} ekqif jq }ckee iqjjxf} jq mvr#

}gkrfl hjqck|njd}$ \gf |jdivf |jje }gjyd nd Hni$

7 gk} n|} rqndmnrke v}f nd hjqcndi mjdxfw }vqhkmf}%

jq% k} |gf }rnddfq} }jcf|ncf} }k~% nd !|vqdndi jxfq!

|gf cf|ke$ N| n} v}vkee~ cklf hqjc }|jmo k} }ckee

jq }ckeefq |gkd |gk| v}fl nd |gf mjd}|qvm|njd jh |gf

j|gfq |jje} lf}mqnafl$ \gf rekdn}gfq n} v}fl nd n|}

}|fkl ygfd ekqif mjdxfw }vqhkmf} kqf }rvd$ N| n}

dj| dfmf}}kq~ |gk| |gf |jdivf }gjvel af hjqifl$ Nh



17 CF\KE ]RNDDNDI



CF\KE ]RNDDNDI 1>

mkqf n} |kofd% |gf hek| }vqhkmf mkd af iqjvdl yn|gjv|

avqdndi |gf }|ffe$ \gn}hek|

}vqhkmfn}

|gf rkq| jh |gf|jje ygnmg n} v}fl rqndmnrkee~ ?

|gf jdf jrfqk|njd jh

iqndlndi |jif|gfq yn|g rjen}gndi rv|} n| nd mjdln#

|njd$ N| n} yfee |j gkxf |gf m~endlqnmke rkq| jh |gf

|jje% jrrj}n|f |gf hek| }vqhkmf% iqjvdl kdl rjen}gfl$

\gn} }vqhkmf mkd }jcf|ncf} af v}fl$

N| n} afenfxfl |gk| |gf |jje} jh ygnmg cfd|njd gk}

keqfkl~affd cklf

cnig|mjdmevlf |gf en}| jh |gj}f

ckondi vr |gf dfmf}}kq~ |jje} nd k }rnddfq)} on|% nh

n| yfqf dj| hjq }jcf fw|qkjqlndkq~ jq vdv}vke

}gkrf} nd }rvd yjqo$ Hjq |gf rvqrj}f jh }rnddndi|gf}f rfmvenkq hjqc} }rfmnke |jje} ck~ af cklf k|

kd~ |ncf$

\gfqf kqf |yj j|gfq |jje}% |gf iqjjxfq kdl |gf

odja#qkn}ndi |jje neev}|qk|fl nd Hni}$ 7 kdl > qf#

}rfm|nxfe~ ygnmg ck~ af v}fl nd rekmf} k} }va}|n#

|v|f} hjq |gj}f keqfkl~ lf}mqnafl% yn|g rfqgkr}}jcf klln|njdke fk}f$

\gf iqjjxfq% k} |gf dkcf ncrenf}% n} v}fl nd cko#

ndi iqjjxf}$ \gf jrfqk|jq hndl} |gf v}f hjq |gn}

|jje kecj}| fd|nqfe~ nd }rndlef hjqc} kdl% |gfd% jde~hjq }ckee iqjjxf}$ N| ynee af dj|nmfl hqjc |gf mqj}}#

}fm|njdke xnfy }gjyd |gk|% }ckee iqjjxf} jh xkq~ndi}npf} ck~ af cklf a~ }ncre~ v}ndi |gf |jje nd mjd#

|km| yn|g |gf cf|ke k| lnhhfqfd| rjnd|} jd |gf mvqxf

jh |gf |jje$ N| n} rekmfl jd |jr jh |gf ek|gf#qf}| yn|g

|gf fdl gkdindi ljyd kdl jd |gf ek|gf }nlf jh |gf

qf}|$ \gf jrfqk|jq rqf}}f} ljyd jd |gf gkdlef%

|gv} ckondi k efxfq jh |gf |jje yn|g |gf qf}| k} |gf

hvemqvc$K} ynee af ln}mfqdfl ek|fq% |gf odja#qkn}fq ck~ af

v}fl nd qkn}ndi vr jq gjjondi vdlfq |gf cf|ke nd



=2 CF\KE ]RNDDNDI

}rnddndi k ln}g mjdmkxf |jykql |gf gfkl}|jmo?jq

n|

ck~ af v}fl a~ rqf}}ndin|

fdlyn}f |jykql |gfendf jh mfd|fq} jd |gf ek|gf% |j hjqc k mjdmkxn|~ jd

k }rndlef hjqc$ N| }gjvel af k mjcrkqk|nxfe~ fk}~ck||fq |j hjqif |gf odja#qkn}fq% ndk}cvmg k} |gf

fdl n} }ncre~ vr}f| nd |gf hnqf kdl kh|fqykql}

iqjvdl nd|j |gf lf}nqfl }gkrf kdl rjen}gfl$

Hnivqf ;2 inxf} |gf }gkrf kdl |gf lncfd}njd} jh

|gf kmmfr|fl gkdlef hjq }rnddndi |jje}$ Nd |gn}

hnivqf% ke}j% n} qfrqf}fd|fl |gf cf|gjl v}fl nd hk}#

|fdndi |gf |jje nd|j |gf gkdlef$ Rqjakae~ |gf af}|

yjjl jv| jh ygnmg gkdlef} ck~ af |vqdfl n}

}|qknig|#iqkndfl% gkql ckref$

N| n} dfmf}}kq~ |gk| kee |jje}% fwmfr| |gj}f v}fl

hjq mv||ndi kdl |qnccndi rvqrj}f}% }gjvel af ejd$d)

fdjvig |j rfqcn| |gf fdl jh |gf gkdlef |j qf}| vdlfq|gf kqc kdl |gv} knl |gf yjqockd nd if||ndi k

}|qjdi efxfqkif a~ |gqjyndi |gf yfnig| jh gn} ajl~ljydykql$ \gf gkdlef} kqf v}vkee~ cklf hqjc Os

|j ;6 nd$ nd efdi|g kdl |gf |jje ejdi fdjvig |j klcn|

jh n|} afndi lqnxfd nd|j |gf gkdlef hqjc < |j 6 nd$

Rnfmf} jh ik} jq yk|fq rnrf ckof xfq~ ijjl hfqqvef}$

\gf |jje kdl gkdlef ygfd hk}|fdfl |jif|gfq }gjvel

af hqjc 1 h|$ |j =2 nd$ nd efdi|g$ Ndk}cvmg k} |gf

|jje} kqm gnige~ |fcrfqfl% |gf yfkqndi lvf |j |gf

}rnddndi rqjmf}} ljf} dj| mgkdif |gfnq }gkrf qkr#

nle~$ Mjd}f{vfd|e~% qfhjqcndi n} dj| dfmf}}kq~

fwmfr| kh|fq |gf |jje gk} affd nd }fqxnmf hjq k mjd#

}nlfqkaef efdi|g jh |ncf$



MGKR\FQ NNN

\GF RQFRKQK\NJD JH CF\KE HJQ]RNDDNDI

\gf cf|ke} mjccjde~ v}fl nd }rnddndi kqf mjr#

rfq% ygn|f cf|ke% aqk}}% pndm kdl kevcndvc$ Cf|ke}

cv}| af v}fl ygnmg% a~ }jcf rqjmf}} }vmg k} kd#

dfkendi% mkd af cklf rfqhfm|e~ renkaef$ N| cv}| affxnlfd| |gk| jde~ ygfd cf|ke n} rfqhfm|e~ renkaef

mkd n| af }rvd jxfq nqqfivekq }gkrf}$ \gf mjd}|kd|

hqnm|njd af|yffd |gf |jje kdl |gf cf|ke |fdl} |j

gkqlfd |gf cf|ke% kdl gfdmf n| cv}| af }jh|fdfl

kdl cklf renkaef% ckd~ |ncf} n| ck~ af% lvqndi k

}rnddndi rqjmf}}$

\gf |gnmodf}} jh cf|ke cj}| }vn|kaef hjq jqlndkq~yjqo xkqnf} hqjc Aqjyd kdl ]gkqrf ikif Dj$ 11

|j Dj$ 18% ndmev}nxf$ Cf|ke ikindi 11 n} v}fl hjq

|gf ekqif}| yjqo jde~ kdl |gfd rqndmnrkee~ ygfd|gf cf|ke n} mjrrfq$ Ikif 1< nd aqk}} kdl pndm af#

mjcf} renkaef yn|g rqjrfq |qfk|cfd| kdl mkd af

}vmmf}}hvee~ v}fl hjq hjqc} xkq~ndi nd lnkcf|fq kdl

gfnig| hqjc = nd$ vr |j 6 jq 8 nd$ Cf|ke jh A$ kdl

]$ ikif Dj$ 18 n} cjqf fk}ne~ }rvd |gkd |gnmofq

ck|fqnke% lvf |j |gf hkm| |gk| n| k}}vcf} fk}ne~ kdl

{vnmoe~ |gf lf}nqfl hjqc$ Afmkv}f jh |gn} hkm|%

gjyfxfq% kq|nmef} }rvd hqjc n| kqf }jjdfq qvndfl

|gkd |gj}f }rvd hqjc |gnmofq cf|ke$ Ikif 18 ynee

dj| }|kdl |gf mjd|ndvke rqf}}vqf jh |gf }rnddndi|jje xfq~ ejdi$ Cf|ke jh Dj$ 18 ikif n} dk|vqkee~

klkr|fl |j |gf }ckeef}| yjqo% av| |j af }vmmf}}hvee~}rvd }gjvel af v}fl a~ yjqocfd jh }jcf fwrfqn#

fdmf$



=1 CF\KE ]RNDDNDI

\gv} hkq yf gkxf }rjofd jh cf|ke} nd k ifdfqke

yk~% kdl jh dj jdf cf|ke nd rkq|nmvekq$ Yf ynee ln}#mv}} aqnfhe~ )|gf rqfrkqk|njd kdl af}| v}f} jh |gf hjvq

cf|ke} cfd|njdfl kajxf$

Mjrrfq

Mjrrfq% xkq~ndi nd |gnmodf}} af|yffd |gf ikif}qfhfqqfl |j kajxf% n} rfqgkr} cj}| }vn|kaef hjq kee

ifdfqke }rnddndi% f}rfmnkee~ hjq }mgjje yjqo kdl hjq

kck|fvq}$ N| n} |jvig kdl ygfd gfk|fl n} xfq~

renkaef$ N| n} dj| }j fk}ne~ }gk||fqfl a~ jxfqgfk|#

ndi% dvcfqjv} gfk|ndi} jq ejdi mjd|ndvjv} yjqondik} kqf |gf j|gfq cf|ke} cfd|njdfl$ N| }gjvel af

vdlfq}|jjl |gk| kee jrfqk|njd}% nd rqfrkqndi |gf

cf|ke hjq }rnddndi kdl |gj}f v}fl kh|fq }rnddndi n}

afivd% }gjvel af k} aqnfh k} rj}}naef kdl dfxfq

lvrenmk|fl vdef}} dfmf}}kq~$ K} k ck||fq jh hkm|

|gf kddfkendi rqjmf}} ynee af qfrfk|fl ckd~ |ncf}

jh dfmf}}n|~% f}rfmnkee~ a~ afinddfq}$ Nd efkqdndi|j }rnd% jdf ynee offr |gf |jje nd jdf rekmf jd |gf

cf|ke vd|ne n| afmjcf} gkql kdl |fcrfqfl nd k

}fd}f$ K} k ~jvdi }rnddfq ynee rqjakae~ hndl lnhhn#

mve|~ nd }vmmf}}hvee~ rqjlvmndi k lf}nqfl hjqc nd

jdf jrfqk|njdn| ynee

af dfmf}}kq~ hjq gnc |j kddfkejq }jh|fd |gf mjrrfq afhjqf gf mjcref|f} }rnddndi$

Jdf cv}| hnq}| mkemvek|f% yn|g }jcf lfiqff jh rqf#

mn}njd% |gf }npf jh mnqmvekq ln}m dfmf}}kq~ |j hjqc |gf

}rvd kq|nmef$ Nh }rnddndi n} rqjrfqe~ ljdf% |gf

cf|ke ynee af |gnddfl xfq~ en||ef% nh kd~% nd yjqondin|? mjd}f{vfd|e~ |gf mjcrv|k|njd jh |gf ln}m }npf

ynee ndxjexf nd cj}| mk}f} }jcf cfd}vqk|njd% av|$

rqndmnrkee~% k ijjl }vrre~ jh mjccjd }fd}f kdl

`vlicfd| n} dfflfl$ \gf yjqockd ynee af iqfk|e~knlfl nd gn} mjcrv|k|njd nh gf ynee ckof k mqj}}#



CF\KE ]RNDDNDI ==

}fm|njdfl lqkyndi '|gqjvig |gf kwn} jh qfxjev|njd.

jh |gfja`fm|

gf n}

}rnddndi% kdl%yn|g k

rknqjh lnxnl#

fq}% }f| |j k }ckee }rkd% }|fr jhh |gf efdi|g jh |gf

jv|endf lf}nqfl$ \gv} nh nd A% Hni$ ;;% 'Mvr kdl

Mgvmo}. jdf }gjvel }|kq| k| J kdl }|fr mkqfhvee~

a~ ; kdl 1 |j = gf yjvel gkxf |gf qklnv} jh |gf ln}m

jv| jh ygnmg |gf mvr mjvel af }rvd$ N| ynee af lf#

}nqkaef |j ckof |gf qklnv} jh |gf ln}m }enig|e~

iqfk|fq|gkd |gf ln}|kdmf |gv}

lf|fqcndfl%nh |gf

cf|ke n} |j af mjcrqf}}fl kd~$ Nh% jd |gf j|gfq

gkdl% |gf cf|ke n} |gnddfl lvf |j vddfmf}}kqne~

yjqondi |gf |jje jxfq |gf cf|ke% |gf qklnv} dffl dj|

af {vn|f k} ekqif k} |gf jv|endf ln}|kdmf }rjofd jh$

\gf ln}m kh|fq afndi mv| hqjc k ekqif }gff| nd

ygnmg hjqc |gf cf|ke n} af}| rvqmgk}fl n} gfk|fl

nd kd kddfkendi hvqdkmf jq jxfq k Avd}fd avqdfqvd|ne n| mgkdif} |j kd nqnlf}mfd| mjejq kdl k hnec jh

mjrrfq jwnlf avqd} jhh$ Nh kd kddfkendi hvqdkmf n}

v}fl% |gf |fcrfqk|vqf ck~ af mjd|qjeefl?av| nd

mk}f k Avd}fd avqdfq jq aejy#ekcr n} v}fl jdf jh

ygnmg cf|gjl} yjvel af hjeejyfl rqjakae~ hjq

}ckee yjqo |gf mjejqndi jh |gf cf|ke% ygfd |gf

rqjrfq |fcrfqk|vqfn}

qfkmgfl%cv}| af |gf cfkd}

jh lf|fqcndndi ygfd |gf mjrrfq gk} affd gfk|fl

}vhhnmnfd|e~$ Nh n| n} gfk|fl af~jdl |gf rqjrfq rjnd||gf }|qfdi|g jh |gf cf|ke n} yfkofdfl kdl n| ck~ af

fxfd fwgkv}|fl fd|nqfe~$ Dfxfq|gfef}}% nd qjvigyjqo% mjrrfq n} gfk|fl vd|ne n| n} !qfl! gj| kdl nc#

cflnk|fe~ revdifl nd yk|fq$ \gn} mjd}|n|v|f} |gf

kddfkendi rqjmf}}$ ]jcf }rnddfq}% f}rfmnkee~

ygfqf mjd}nlfqkaef mkqf n} |kofd |j rqf}fqxf |gf

}|qfdi|g jh |gf cf|ke% mjxfq mjrrfq yn|g jne ygfd

kddfkendi n|$ \gn} n} a~ dj cfkd} kd vdlf}nqkaef



=< CF\KE ]RNDDNDI



CF\KE ]RNDDNDI =6

rekd$ \gf hnec jh jne ynee fxkrjqk|f kdl avqd jhh k}

gfk| n} krrenfl ? ygfd |gf jne gk} mjcref|fe~ ln}kr#

rfkqfl |gf cf|ke }gjvel af kddfkefl$ \gn}% k} yfee

k} |gf hnq}| cf|gjl lf}mqnafl% ynee dj| dfmf}}kqne~

inxf kmmvqk|f qf}ve|}$ Aj|g cf|gjl} kqf }ncref%

rqkm|nmke cfkd} ygnmg% |jif|gfq yn|g k en||ef fwrfqn#

fdmf% ynee knl nd qfkmgndi vdnhjqc qf}ve|}$

Nh xfq~ rqfmn}f yjqo n} dfmf}}kq~% k}% hjq fwkcref%

nd }rnddndi }jcf kq|nmef ygnmg cv}| af ofr| vdlfqnd|fd}f rqf}}vqf% |gf af}| |fcrfqk|vqf hjq kddfke#

ndi cv}| af mkqfhvee~ k}mfq|kndfl a~ fwrfqncfd|$Nd |gn} mk}f |gf kddfkendi jq }jcf }ncnekq hvqdkmf

}gjvel af v}fl ygfqf kmmvqk|f |fcrfqk|vqf} mkd af

qfmjqlfl$

\j ckof |gn} lf}mqnr|njd rfqhfm|e~ mefkq n| ck~af }knl |gk| |gf%

hjeejyndi }|fr}

}gjvel af |kofd nd

}rnddndi k rnfmf jh mjrrfq$

Hnq}| 0 Mv| hqjc k rek|f jh }jh| mjrrfq k mnqmvekq

ln}m jh k mkemvek|fl }npf |j }rnd hqjc n| k rkq|nmvekq

ja`fm|$

]fmjdl 0 Nh |gf mjrrfq n} dj| {vn|f }jh| kdl

renkaef gfk| n| |j k qfl gfk| kdl nccflnk|fe~ revdifn| nd|j mjel yk|fq$

\gnql0 Rekmf |gf ln}m nd |gf ek|gf qfkl~ |j }rnd$

Krre~ |gf |jje |j n| vd|ne |gf mjrrfq afind} |j

gkqlfd rfqmfr|nae~$

Hjvq|g 0 Qfcjxf |gf mjrrfq hqjc |gf ek|gf kdl

kddfke k} rqfxnjv}e~ lf}mqnafl$

Hnh|g 0 Qfrfk| |gf kajxf nd}|qvm|njd} nd |gf

jqlfq inxfd k} hfy |ncf} k} rj}}naef% av| vd|ne |gf

}rnddndi rqjmf}} n} mjcref|fl$

Ygn|f Cf|ke

Ygn|f cf|ke n} xfq~ fk}ne~ }rvd kdl ljf} dj|



=8 CF\KE ]RNDDNDI

dffl |j af kddfkefl$ Nd |gf |qklf} n| n} v}fl k} |gf

ak}f hjq cj}| }nexfq#rek|fl ykqf?kdl mjd}f{vfd|e~

hjq hjqc} ygnmg mkddj| af rqf}}fl jv|% |gf }rnddndi

rqjmf}} n} k dfmf}}kq~ jdf$ Nh |gf enig|df}} jh |gf

rek|fl rnfmf gk} dj| k ekqif mjd}nlfqk|njd nd n|}

rqjlvm|njd% n| n} klxn}kaef |j v}f {vn|f gfkx~ ygn|f

cf|ke$ \gfqf ynee af kd fwrekdk|njd cklf nd k

hv|vqf mgkr|fq mjdmfqdndi |gf

lqkyndi#jv|

jh cf|ke

nd }rnddndi$ K} |gf }rnddndi rqjmf}} mjd|ndvf}% |gf

cf|ke n} enkaef |j af yjqofl |gnd a~ afndi lqkydjv|$ \gn} n} f}rfmnkee~ |qvf nd |gf mk}f jh ygn|f

cf|ke kdl |gv} |gf }viif}|njd yn|g qfhfqfdmf |j |gf

v}f jh gfkx~ cf|ke n} jrrjq|vdf$

Aqk}}

Aqk}} n} rqfrkqfl hjq }rnddndi nd |gf ckddfq lf#

}mqnandi |gf kddfkendi jh mjrrfq$ \gf mgkdif jh

mjejq nd aqk}} n} dj| }j rfqmfr|naef% ygfd }vhhnmnfd|

gfk| gk} affd krrenfl% k} nd mjrrfq% kdl mjd}f#

{vfd|e~ |gf cf|gjl jh mjxfqndi |gf cf|ke yn|g jne

afhjqf gfk|ndi ynee rqjakae~ af |gf }khf}| nd kddfke#

ndi aqk}}$ Hjq jqlndkq~ }rnddndi n| n} {vn|f ncck#

|fqnke ygf|gfq jq dj| jdf krrenf} |gf }kcf kcjvd|jh gfk| hjq fkmg kddfkendi% }j ejdi k} |gf cf|ke n}

dj| jxfqgfk|fl$ Aqk}} gkqlfd} cjqf qkrnle~

|gqjvig |gf v}f jh |gf }rnddndi |jje |gkd mjrrfqljf}$ Ygfd yf qfcfcafq% |gfd% |gk| |gfqf n}

iqfk|fq lkdifq jh }rjnendi |gf cf|ke a~ kddfkendin| ckd~ |ncf} |gkd a~ }enig|e~ jxfqgfk|ndi n| jdmf%

yf ynee vdlfq}|kdl yg~ aqk}} n} cjqf lnhhnmve| |j}rnd |gkd mjrrfq$ Ygfqfxfq rj}}naef% jdf }gjvel

v}f k} |gnd aqk}} k} ynee af mjd}n}|fd| yn|g |gf

}|qfdi|g qf{vnqfl$



CF\KE ]RNDDNDI =9

Pndm

Yf gkxf }knl |gk| n| yk} rfqgkr} klxn}kaef |j nc#cfq}f mjrrfq kdl aqk}} nd jne afhjqf kddfkendi$

\gn} n} }|nee cjqf ncrjq|kd| yn|g pndm$ Ygf|gfq n|

n} dfmf}}kq~ jq dj| |j jne jq iqfk}f pndm ygnef gfk|#

ndi n| ck~ af k {vf}|njd% av| n| n} mfq|knde~ klxn}kaef

nd |gf cndl} jh jel }rnddfq}$ \gf |gfjq~ }ffc} |j

af |gk| |gf jne |fdl} |j }jh|fd |gf cf|ke ygfd gfk| n}

krrenfl$Pndm gk} k

lfmnlfle~ mq~}|keendfhjqck|njd

kdl |gf hqnm|njd mkv}fl a~ |gf }rnddndi |jje qvaandi

kiknd}| n| |fdl} |j ckof n| cjqf% qk|gfq |gkd ef}}%

mq~}|keendf$ \gn} cjefmvekq mjdln|njd yfkofd} |gf

cf|ke a~ lfmqfk}ndi n|} |fd}nef }|qfdi|g kdl n| af#

mjcf} lfmnlfle~ lnhhnmve| |j }rnd? f}rfmnkee~ n} |gn}

|qvf nd |gnmo rnfmf} ygnmg gkxf |j af |vqdfl jxfq

kaqvr| mjqdfq}$ \gf cfe|ndi rjnd| hjq pndm n} kajv|

972 Hkgqfdgfn|% ygnmg n} mjd}nlfqkae~ ejyfq |gkd

|gf cfe|ndi rjnd| hjq mjrrfq jq ijjl aqk}}$ \gn}

dfmf}}n|k|f} cvmg cjqf mkqf nd kddfkendi pndm |gkd

n} dfmf}}kq~ yn|g kd~ j|gfq cf|ke ygnmg n} mkrkaefjh afndi }rvd$ N| n} lfmnlfle~ klxn}kaef dj| |j

qfkmg k |fcrfqk|vqf kajxf =62 jq <22 H$ Jh

mjvq}f |gn} rjnd| nd |fcrfqk|vqf mkddj| af lf|fq#

cndfl fwmfr| nd kd kddfkendi hvqdkmf$ N| }gjvel afvdlfq}|jjl |gk| kh|fq pndm n} gfk|fl k} kajxf fw#

rekndfl n| n} revdifl nd|j mjel yk|fq afhjqf kd~

k||fcr| n} cklf |j }rnd n|$

Kevcndvc

Jqlndkqne~% kevcndvc ljf} dj| dffl kddfkendi$

N| ck~ af af||fq |j gfk| n| }enig|e~ ygfd |gf cf|ke

n} |gnmo% av| |gn} n} k ck||fq ygnmg |gf jrfqk|jqcv}| lf|fqcndf hjq gnc}feh a~ fwrfqncfd|$ Enof

ygn|f cf|ke% kevcndvc n} fk}ne~ yjqofl% av| n| n}



=7 CF\KE ]RNDDNDI

ke}j fk}ne~ }gk||fqfl?kdl mjd}f{vfd|e~ |gf fk}f

yn|g ygnmg n| mkd af }rvd }jcf|ncf} qf}ve|} nd k

}rjnefl rnfmf kh|fq mjd}nlfqkaef yjqo gk} affd mejdf

jd n|$ K}nlf hqjc |gf rjnd| jh n|} afndi k ijjl ak}f

hjq rek|fl ykqf% |gfqf n} dj klxkd|kif nd v}ndikevcndvc$ N| n}% gjyfxfq% enig|% kdl |gfqfhjqf ck~af lf}nqkaef |j v}f hjq ekqif }rvd rnfmf}$



MGKR\FQ NX

GJY \J ]RND K ]GKEEJY LN]G

\gf xfq~ }ncref}| }rnddndi jrfqk|njd} rj}}naef

kqf ndxjexfl nd |gf }rnddndi jh k }gkeejy ln}g jh

}ckee lnkcf|fq% }vmg k} k rnd |qk~$ ]gkeejy hjqc}

ck~ af lnhhnmve| |j }rnd% gjyfxfq% nh |gf~ kqf nqqfi#

vekq kdl mjcrenmk|fl nd mqj}}#}fm|njdke jv|endf$

\gf jdf |gndi ygnmg ckof} |gfc ijjl fwkcref}hjq kck|fvq} n} |gfnq }gkeejydf}}$ \gf~ }gjvel af

}ncref nd hjqc% ke}j% nh |gf~ kqf hnq}|% rnfmf} nd }rnd#

dndi$ N }gjvel }k~ |gf kcjvd| jh lfrqf}}njd }gjvel

dj| fwmffl ; nd$ kdl |gf lnkcf|fq }gjvel dj| af

iqfk|fq |gkd 8 nd$ nd |gf }rnddfq)} ndn|nke ln}g$K }gkeejy ln}g ck~ af nd fn|gfq jh |yj ifdfqke

mek}}f}% lfrfdlndi vrjd hjqc% xnp 0 jdf nd ygnmg

|gf mvqxf jh lfrqf}}njd n} iqklvke hqjc |gf qnc |j

|gf aj||jc?jq jdf nd ygnmg |gf aj||jc jh |gf ln}g

n} mjcrkqk|nxfe~ hek| kdl |gf qnc n} hjqcfl a~

kaqvr|e~ |vqdndi |gf cf|ke jxfq k mjqdfq% |gf qnc

afndirfqrfdlnmvekq |j |gf

ifdfqkerekdf jh |gf aj|#

|jc$ Nd |gf hnq}| mek}} yf hndl |gf }kvmfq% kdl nd

|gf }fmjdl }vmg k hjqc k} |gf mjxfq |j k |nd ajw

k akondi#mkd% hjq fwkcref$

N| ynee af fxnlfd| |gk| jdf jh |yj |gndi} ynee |fdl

|j ckof k ln}g lnhhnmve| |j }rnd ?fn|gfq n|} iqfk|

lfr|g jq }jcf }gkqr mjqdfq ygnmg hjqc} |gf lnxnl#

ndi endf af|yffd |yj }vqhkmf}$ Qnig| kdief mjqdfq}%

|gfqfhjqf% kqf lnhhnmve| |j }rnd ? f}rfmnkee~ }j ygfd|gf }vqhkmf |vqdfl jxfq% k} nd |gf qnc jh k ln}g% n}

xfq~ gnig$



<2 CF\KE ]RNDDNDI

K||qkm|nxf nd ]gkrf kdl Hndn}g



CF\KE ]RNDDNDI <;

Fn|gfq jh |gf |yj hkmfrek|f} }fd| yn|g k yjjl#

|vqdndi ek|gf ck~af v}fl hjq |gf

yjjlfd hjqc#aejmo} jxfq ygnmg |gf cf|ke n} }rvd$ N| n} af}| |j

v}f |gf mfd|fq#}mqfy hkmfrek|f hjq yjqo jh }ckee

lnkcf|fq% }vmg k} k mvr% hjq fwkcref ?kdl |gf }vq#

hkmf#}mqfy hkmfrek|f hjq yjqo jh ekqif lnkcf|fq$ Nh

|gn} }viif}|njd n} hjeejyfl% jdf ynee rqjakae~ v}f

|gf }vqhkmf#}mqfy hkmfrek|f |j }rnd ejy ln}g hjqc}$

\gf yjjlfd hjqc#aejmo n} cklf kmmjqlndi |j km#

mfr|fl cf|gjl} jh yjjl#|vqdndi$ \yj |gndi} cv}|af |qvf nh |gf hjqc n} |j }fqxf }k|n}hkm|jqne~ |gf rvq#

rj}f hjq ygnmg n| yk} |vqdfl 0 N| cv}| af rfqhfm|e~}cjj|g kdl n| cv}| af gkql$ Gkql ckref% yfee#

}mqkrfl kdl }kdlrkrfqfl% ckof} k xfq~ ijjl hjqc

hjq cj}| }rvd yjqo$

Nd }jcf mk}f}% k} ynee af neev}|qk|fl ek|fq% n| n}

dfmf}}kq~ |j }ren| k hjqc nd jqlfq |j qfefk}f n| hqjc

|gf }rvd kq|nmef$ Ljiyjjl n} mjd}nlfqfl |gf af}|

hjq |gn} rvqrj}f% ke|gjvig }|qknig|#iqkndfl gkql

ckref ynee kd}yfq |gf rvqrj}f xfq~ yfee$ Ygfd k

dvcafq jh jdf rkq|nmvekq hjqc kqf |j af }rvd% n| n}

fmjdjc~ jh |ncf kdl ekajq |j mjd}|qvm| k mk}|#nqjd

hjqc#aejmo$ N| n} af}| dj| |j ejj}fd k hjqc#aejmo

hqjc |gf hkmfrek|f kh|fq n| n} jdmf rv| nd rekmf vd|nekee }rnddndi n} hndn}gfl$ \gn} ck~ qf{vnqf |gf mjd#

}|qvm|njd jh lvrenmk|f hkmfrek|f} hjq fkmg ek|gf nd

mk}f k ek|gf n} v}fl hjq }jcf rvqrj}f af}nlf} |gf

jdf nd {vf}|njd afhjqf k }rnddndi `ja n} mjcref|fl$N| n} af||fq |j lj |gn}% gjyfxfq% |gkd |j gkxf |gf

yjqo qvddndi jv| jh |qvf lvf |j qfcjxndi |gf hjqc#

aejmo hqjc k

hkmfrek|f

|j keejy j|gfq yjqo |j af

rv| jd n|$

Ygfd |gf cf|ke ln}m gk} affd mv| kdl mfd|fqfl



Kq|n}|nm Lf}nid}



CF\KE ]RNDDNDI <=

cjlfqk|fe~ yfee nd |gf ek|gf af|yffd |gf }rnddfq})

mfd|fq kdl |gf hjqc jxfq ygnmg n| n} |j af }rvd% |gfUxjqockd n} qfkl~ |j afind }rnddndi$ 'K mv| }gjy#

ndi |gf yjqo nd |gn} }|kif n} hjvdl jd rkif ;<$.

N| ynee af qfcfcafqfl hqjc |gf ln}mv}}njd jd }rnd#

dfq}) mfd|fq} |gk| k| hnq}| dj|gndi gjel} |gf ln}m nd

k mfd|qke rj}n|njd fwmfr| |gf rqf}}vqf jh |gf mfd|fq

kiknd}| |gf rnfmf |j af }rvd$

N| n} dfmf}}kq~ |j offr cf|ke yfee iqfk}fl ygfd}rnddndi n|$ Afhjqf rv||ndi n| nd |gf ek|gf n| n} yfee

|j krre~ ygk|fxfq evaqnmkd| n} |j af v}fl% kdl lvq#

ndi |gf }rnddndi rqjmf}} |j ckof hvq|gfq krrenmk#

|njd} ygfdfxfq |gf ln}m afmjcf} lq~ jq k| kd~ |ncf

kh|fq n| n} kddfkefl$ ]jh| }jkr n} mjd}nlfqfl k} }k|#

n}hkm|jq~ k} kd~|gndi |j v}f jd mjrrfq$ Jd aqk}}

kdl pndm }rnddfq} qva k |keejy mkdlef kdl |gn} ck~af v}fl% |jj% jd mjrrfq$ Ygn|f cf|ke kdl kevcn#

dvc dffl jde~ k en||ef gfkx~ jne hqjc |ncf |j |ncf

|j offr |gf |jje hqjc iqndlndi |gf cf|ke$

\gf neev}|qk|njd jd rkif ;<% Hni$ =% }gjy} |gf

ifdfqke rj}n|njd jh }rnddndi |jje kdl yjqockdygfd |gf }rnddndi rqjmf}} afind}$ Nd |gf qnig|

gkdl% yn|g |gf gkdlef vdlfq |gf qnig| kqc kajxf|gf feajy% n} gfel |gf }rnddfq)} |jje kdl nd |gf efh|%

|gf fdl jh k aqjjc gkdlef jq }jcf gkql rnfmf jh

yjjl jh }ncnekq }gkrf$ Vd|ne n| n} rj}}naef |j rqf}}|gf cf|ke hnqce~ kiknd}| |gf hjqc#aejmo hk}|fdfl jd

|gf hkmfrek|f |gf fdl jh |gf rnfmf jh yjjl gfel nd

|gf efh| gkdl n} ofr| jrrj}n|f |gf fdl jh |gf |jje k}

n| cjxf} hqjc |gf mfd|fq jh qfxjev|njd jv|ykql kdl

ljydykql$ \gf rnfmf jh cf|ke k} n| n} qfxjexndigk} k rnfmf jh yjjl '|krfqfl |j keejy k hek| }vqhkmf

|j mjcf nd mjd|km| yn|g |gf }rnddndi cf|ke. jd n|}



<< CF\KE ]RNDDNDI

efh|% kdl |gf }rnddndi |jje jd n|} qnig|$ \gf qfxjev#

|njd jh |gf ek|gf lqky} |gf |jje ljyd }j |gk| n| n}

dfkqfq |gf kwn} kdl k en||ef ejyfq |gkd |gf fdl jh

|gf yjjlfd }vrrjq| gfel nd |gf efh| gkdl$ \gf ajl~|gqjy} |gf gkdlef |j |gf qnig|% ygnmg mkv}f} |gf

fdl jh |gf |jje |j rqf}} |j |gf efh| kdl mjd}f{vfd|e~cjxf |gf cf|ke iqklvkee~ |jykql kdl hndkee~

kiknd}| |gf hjqc#aejmo$ Ygfd |gf cf|ke gk} k|

ek}| affd}rvd |nig|e~ kiknd}|

|gfhjqc#aejmo%

|gf

lnkcjdl rjnd| n} v}fl |j |qnc |gf flif kdl |gf }rvd

rnfmf n} mjcref|f$ V}vkee~ nd }rnddndi k ejy ln}g

jh qfivekq }gkrf n| n} dj| dfmf}}kq~ |j kddfke |gf

cf|ke kh|fq n| n} hnq}| rv| nd |gf ek|gf$ N| }gjvel af

vdlfq}|jjl% gjyfxfq% |gk| kddfkendi n} dfmf}}kq~ygfdfxfq |gf cf|ke afmjcf} gkql$ Nh n| n} dj| kd#

dfkefl k} }jjd k} n| afmjcf} gkql n| ynee }gk||fq$

\gf }rnddndi rqjmf}} ck~ af kmmjcren}gfl ke}j

a~ gjelndi |gf |jje k} lf}mqnafl% fwmfr| |j gkxf |nd#

|fl fdl kajxf |gf mfd|fq jh |gf ek|gf nd}|fkl jh af#

ejy n|$ Nh |gn} rj}n|njd n} |kofd% |gf cjxfcfd| jh

|gf ajl~ cv}| af |yj#hjel% xnp0 ljydykql kdl |j

|gf qnig|% ygnmg ynee qf}ve| nd |gf |jje rjnd| yjqo#

ndi vrykql nd}|fkl jh ljydykql$

Rqjakae~ nd }rnddndi k }ncref ln}g hjqc dj lnhhn#

mve|~ ynee af fwrfqnfdmfl nd offrndi |gf cf|ke |j k

vdnhjqc |gnmodf}} kdl |gf }kcf |gnmodf}} krrqjw#

nck|fe~ k} n| yk} nd |gf }gff|$ Nh% gjyfxfq% n| n}

hjvdl |gk| |gf cf|ke n} |gnddndi% |gf |jje% a~ qfxfq}#

ndi |gf cjxfcfd|} jh |gf ajl~% cv}| af cklf |j

|qkxfe |jykql |gf mfd|fq jh qfxjev|njd$ \gn} ynee

mjcrqf}} nd}|fkl jh lqky jv| |gf cf|ke$ N| cv}|

af xfq~ fxnlfd| |gk| kd ndykql cjxfcfd| jh |gf

|jje rjnd| ynee |fdl |j aveif |gf cf|ke k| |gf rjnd|



CF\KE ]RNDDNDI <6

\gqff K||qkm|nxf Rnfmf}



<8 CF\KE ]RNDDNDI

ygfqf n| n} gfel af|yffd |gf mfd|fq kdl |gf hjqc#

aejmo$ N| n} |j kxjnl |gn}% rqndmnrkee~% |gk| |gf hnq}|

cjxfcfd| jh |gf |jje n} |kofd kyk~ hqjc |gf mfd|fq

jq kwn}$ Cjqfjxfq% |gf cf|ke cv}| af yjqofl

kiknd}| |gf hjqc% k| hnq}|% k| |gf mfd|fq vd|ne n| nT

hnqce~ nd mjd|km| yn|g |gf hjqc#aejmo$ \gn} n} xfq~

ncrjq|kd|$ Nh }rnddndi n} }vmmf}}hvee~ ljdf% n| ynee

af ekqife~ lvf |j hnq}| f}|kaen}gndi k hnqc mjd|km| af#

|yffd |gf cf|ke kdl n|} hjqc#aejmo k| |gf mfd|fq$

Iqklvkee~ |gn} mjd|km| }vqhkmf n} ndmqfk}fl k} |gf

|jje mjd|ndvf} |j yjqo jv|ykql$

N| gk} affd k}}vcfl |gk| |gf ln}g hjqc ynee af

}rvd yn|g mjcrkqk|nxf fk}f$ \gn} ynee rqjakae~ af

|qvf nh |gf aveindi% `v}| qfhfqqfl |j% kdl avmoendi lj

dj| |jif|gfq jq }frkqk|fe~ gndlfq$ K} gk} affd fw#

rekndfl% aveindi n} |gf qf}ve| jh jxfq#mjcrqf}}njdyn|g |gf |jje$ Avmoendi n} jdf rgk}f jh aveindi$

Ygnef |gf |jje n} yjqondi |jykql |gf mfd|fq% avei#

ndi ck~ |kof rekmf$ Ygnef |gf |jje n} yjqondi jv|#

ykql kdl ygfd n| n} rqf}}ndi kiknd}| cf|ke |gk| n}

dj| nd mjd|km| yn|g |gf hjqc#aejmo av| n} }ncre~ af#

ndi }vrrjq|fl a~ |gf }|nmo nd |gf efh| gkdl% avmoendi

n} k mjccjd lkdifq$ \gf cf|ke afind} |j hffe

qjvig vdlfq |gf |jje kdl |gf |jje ynee }ffc |j `vc`hqjc rjnd| |j rjnd|$ Vrjd ndxf}|nik|njd n| ynee af

hjvdl |gk| |gf cf|ke n} hjelndi jq ekrrndi nd rekmf}$

Nh n| n} k| jdmf kddfkefl% |gf lnhhnmve|~ ck~ af jxfq#

mjcf% av| j|gfqyn}f n| ynee mjd|ndvf kdl hndkee~ |gf

cf|ke ynee }gk||fq% qvndndi |gf rnfmf$ \gfqf kqf |Ux5

qfk}jd} hjq |gn}$ \gf hnq}| jdf0

|gf }|nmon} dj|

lnqfm|e~ jrrj}n|f |gf |jje rjnd|% kdl% nd klln|njd |j

|gn}% n} rqjakae~ dj| rqf}}fl hnqce~ fdjvig kiknd}|

n|$ N| ck~ af |qvf% ke}j% |gk| rqf}}vqf n} afndi kr#



CF\KE ]RNDDNDI <9

renfl |jj hkq hqjc |gf mjd|km| }vqhkmf% ~f| |gn} nd

ekqif yjqo cv}| af |qvf% fe}f |gf jv|fq rjq|njd jh

|gf cf|ke ynee |fdl |j mvqe akmo |jykql |gf |kne}|jmo

kdl |gf cf|ke ynee |kof |gf hjqc jh k }jcaqfqj gk|$

\gf }fmjdl qfk}jd0 gkql cf|ke$ Yn|g kck|fvq}

|gn} n} jh|fd |gf rqndmnrke mkv}f jh avmoendi$ \gf

qfcfl~ n} |j kddfke |gf cf|ke k} rqfxnjv}e~

cfd|njdfl$

N| cv}| afqfcfcafqfl |gk| evaqnmk|njd nd }rnd#

dndi n} {vn|f k} f}}fd|nke k} |gf v}f jh jne nd ckmgndf

\yj Rjrvekq Hjqc}

afkqndi}$ ]jkr jq |keejy krrenfl jh|fd kdl nd }ckee

{vkd|n|nf} n} cvmg af||fq% k} fwrfqnfdmf ynee rqjxf%|j aj|g cf|ke kdl yjqockd |gkd ekqif {vkd|n|nf}

krrenfl ef}} hqf{vfd|e~$

\gf }rffl jh k ek|gf v}fl hjq ln}g }rnddndi lf#

rfdl} }jcfygk|vrjd

|gf lnkcf|fq jh |gf ln}m

ygfd }rnddndi n} mjccfdmfl$ Hjq ln}m lnkcf|fq}

ef}} |gkd 9 jq 7 nd$ k }rffl jh hqjc ;622 |j ;722

q$r$c$ n} }vhhnmnfd|$ Hjq ekqifq lnkcf|fq} ejyfq



<7 CF\KE ]RNDDNDI

}rffl} kqf qf{vnqfl$ Ygfd |gf ln}g gk} hndkee~

affd hjqcfm` kdl }cjj|gndi kdl rjen}gndi kqf |gf

jde~ jrfqk|njd} efh|% |gf }rffl ck~ rqjhn|kae~ af

ndmqfk}fl |j 1222 q$r$c$ jq fxfd cjqf |gkd |gn} hjq

}ckee lnkcf|fq}$ \jj iqfk| k }rffl ynee% |gqjvig

mfd|qnhvike hjqmf% |gqjy |gf cf|ke kyk~ hqjc |gf

hjqc#aejmo$



MGKR\FQ XGJY \J ]RND K LFFR LN]G

Vdlfq |gn} gfkl N }gkee |qfk| hjqc} ygnmg kr#

rqjkmg |gf m~endlfq kdl qf{vnqf |gf v}f jh |yj

hjqc#aejmo} 'hjq afinddfq} k| efk}|. nd}|fkl jh jdf$

\gf neev}|qk|njd jd rkif <1 }gjy} hjqc} jh |gn}

mgkqkm|fq mvr}% |jj|grnmo kdl ck|mg gjelfq}% f|m$

]rnddndi cf|ke nd|j k m~endlqnmke hjqc ndxjexf} k

lnhhnmve| jrfqk|njd |gk| jh |vqdndi |gf jv|fq rjq#

|njd jh |gf mnqmvekq ln}m ygnmg n} afndi }rvd%

|gqjvig kd kdief krrqjkmgndi >2 kdl mjd}f{vfd|e~

mjcrqf}}ndi xfq~ ck|fqnkee~ |gf cf|ke k| |gf jv|fq

rjq|njd jh |gf ln}m$ Nd klln|njd |j |gn} |gfqf n} |gf

lnhhnmve|~ jh |vqdndi |gf }gkqr mjqdfq af|yffd |gfaj||jc jh |gf hjqc kdl |gf m~endlqnmke }vqhkmf

hjqcndi |gf }nlf}$ Kd fwrfqnfdmfl gkdl ynee lj

aj|g jh |gf}f |gndi} yn|g krrkqfd| fk}f a~ v}ndi|gf |jje kdl }|nmo k} lf}mqnafl nd Mgkr|fq NNN$

Gjyfxfq% k} |gf cf|ke n} afd| jq |vqdfl |gqjvig kd

kdief krrqjkmgndi >2 |gf jrfqk|jq cv}| }rnd nd |gf

knq%k} n| n} mkeefl$ Nd j|gfq

yjql}% dj|gndi }vr#rjq|} |gf cf|ke hqjc |gf |ncf n| efkxf} |gf mnqmvekq

ln}m }gkrf vd|ne n| qfkmgf} |gf hndn}gfl hjqc fwmfr||gf |jje kdl |gf }vrrjq|ndi }|nmo

?|gf cf|ke n} |gfqf#

hjqf }rnddndi nd |gf knq$ Nh jdf n} rqjhnmnfd| nd |gf kq|

jh }rnddndi nd |gf knq% jde~ jdf hjqc#aejmo ynee af

dfflfl hjq lffr hjqc} k} yk} |gf mk}f yn|g }gkeejy

hjqc}$ Hfy cfd% gjyfxfq% kqf mkrkaef jh }rnddndi

ekqif rnfmf} nd |gf knq ygfd |gf cf|ke k| |gf jv|fq

rjq|njd jh |gf ln}m cv}| af mjcrqf}}fl mjd}nlfq#

kae~$ Nd|fqcflnk|f hjqc#aejmo} kqf |gfqfhjqf v}fl$



62 CF\KE ]RNDDNDI

\j fwreknd af||fq lffr ln}g }rnddndi N }gkee qfhfq

|j k }rfmnhnm rqjaefc ygnmg N gkxf }gjyd a~ endf

lqkyndi} jd rkif =<% Hni$ ;;$ K kdl A kqf xfq|nmke

mqj}}#}fm|njd} |gqjvig |yj hjqc#aejmo} ygnmg nd

|gn} mk}f ck~ af hk}|fdfl jd mfd|fq }mqfy hkmf#

rek|f}% fkmg hjqc#aejmo afndi |vqdfl kdl ofr| jd k

}ndief hkmfrek|f vd|ne kee }rnddndi n} ljdf$ K n} |gf

nd|fqcflnk|f hjqc#aejmo kdl A |gf hndn}gfl hjqc

aejmo hjq |gfmvr

neev}|qk|fl k|M% Hni$

;;$

\gflj||fl endf nd K n} k lvrenmk|f jh |gf hjqc A% }j |gk|

jdf mkd fk}ne~ f}|nck|f |gf qfek|nxf kcjvd| jh }rnd#

dndi ygnmg cv}| af ljdf jd fkmg aejmo$ N| n} }vr#

rj}fl |gk| |gf cf|ke afndi }rvd ynee af kddfkefl

kh|fq n| n} |kofd hqjc hjqc#aejmo K kdl afhjqf n| n}

rv| jd hjqc#aejmo A$

Nd }gjyndi jde~ jdf nd|fqcflnk|f hjqc#aejmo |gf

yqn|fq n} |kondi n| hjq iqkd|fl |gk| |gf nd}|qvm|njd}

inxfd nd Mgkr|fq NX ynee fdkaef jdf |j }rnd |gf

cf|ke jd fkmg jh |gf |yj hjqc#aejmo} yn|gjv| lnhhn#

mve|~$ Nh |gn} n} dj| |qvf k} ckd~ nd|fqcflnk|f

hjqc#aejmo} k} lf}nqfl ck~ af rqfrkqfl mjd}n}|fd|

yn|g |gf dvcafq jh kddfkendi} ygnmg |gf cf|ke ynee

}|kdl$ N| n} keyk~} dfmf}}kq~ |j lj }jcf }rnddndi

nd |gf knq% j|gfqyn}f |gf }vrrjq|ndi }|nmo ygnmg n}

gfel nd |gf efh| gkdl yjvel dj| af dfflfl$ \gn}

}vrrjq|ndi;

}|nmo% gjyfxfq% n} nd qfken|~% jde~ k

ckof}gnh| hjqc#aejmo% kdl ygfd |gf nd|fqcflnk|f

hjqc#aejmo} kqf ckd~% |gf rqjmf}} jh }vrrjq|ndi|gf cf|ke a~ |gf v}f jh |gf }vrrjq|ndi }|nmo n} dj|

mkeefl }rnddndi nd |gf knq$

N| ynee af dj|nmfl |gk| |gf lj||fl jv|endf kdl |gf

}jenl jv|endf nd K mjndmnlf k| |gf qnig|% dj| jde~ jd

|gf endf ygnmg rnm|vqf} |gf fdl jh |gf mgvmo% av|

ke}j hjq & nd$ jq T nd$ jd |gf m~endlqnmke }vqhkmf$



CF\KE ]RNDDNDI 6;

\gf ja`fm| jh |gf rqfencndkq~ hjqc#aejmo kdl kee

nd|fqcflnk|f hjqc#aejmo} gfqfkh|fq lf}mqnafl n}

|yj#hjel 0 hnq}|% |j rqjxnlf fk}~ }|fr} nd |gf rqjmf}}

jh }rnddndi? kdl$ }fmjdl% |j inxf k mjd|km| }vqhkmf

ygfd }rnddndi n} afivd jd }vmmfflndi hjqc#aejmo}$

\gf nckindk|njd% N afenfxf% ynee fk}ne~ efkl jdf |j

krrqfmnk|f |gf }nidnhnmkdmf jh |gf hnq}| jh |gf}f ja#

`fm|}% av| |gf }fmjdl ynee af hvee~ krrqfmnk|fl jde~

ygfd jdf gk} fdlfkxjqfl |j }rnd }jcf hjqc }ncnekq

|j |gf jdf neev}|qk|fl ygfqf k mjd|km| }vqhkmf n} dj|

cknd|kndfl |gqjvigjv| |gf }rnddndi rqjmf}}$ Ygfd|gf cf|ke n} |kofd hqjc hjqc K kdl rv| jd hjqc A%

k rjq|njd jh |gf mvr n} nd n|} hndke }gkrf kdl n} hnqce~

}fk|fl jd |gf hjqc#aejmo k| |gf fdl% ckondi |gf

yjqo }fmvqf$

\gf cf|gjl jh aqndindi |gf cf|ke ljyd |j |gf

aejmo A kh|fq |gf aejmo K gk} affd rqjlvmfl n}

}jcfygk| lnhhfqfd| |gkd gk} gfqf|jhjqf affd lf#

}mqnafl$ Nd ja|kndndi hjqc K |gf |jje gk} affd

cjxfl jv|ykql% yn|g rj}}nae~ k hfy fwmfr|njdke

}|qjof} jh |gf |jje% |jykql |gf mfd|fq$ \gn} gk}

rqfxfd|fl aveindi kdl gk} iqklvkee~ lqkyd |gf

cf|ke nd|j |gf lf}nqfl }gkrf yn|gjv| dfmf}}kqne~

|gnddndin|$

Nh |gn} }kcf ckdnrvek|njd jh |gf |jjen} mjd|ndvfl ygfd |gf nd|fqcflnk|f aejmo A n} v}fl

|gf cf|ke ynee af |gnddfl vd|ne n| ynee af enkaef |j

mqkmo afhjqf |gf hjqc#aejmo n} qfkmgfl a~ |gf cf|ke$

Hvq|gfqcjqf% n| ynee avmoef xfq~ rqjakae~% dj| af#

mkv}f jh n|} gkqlfdndi jq n|} afndi yjqofl |jj hkq

hqjc |gf mjd|km| }vqhkmf% av| afmkv}f n| n} |gnd kdl

mjd}f{vfd|e~ yfko$ Hjq |gf}f qfk}jd} |gf |jje n}

cjxfl |jykql |gf kwn} ygfd v}ndi hjqc#aejmo A$

\gn} mjcrqf}}f} |gf cf|ke% k} rqfxnjv}e~ lf}mqnafl%

lfmqfk}ndi n|} mnqmvekq cfk}vqfcfd|} kdl k| |gf



61 CF\KE ]RNDDNDI

}kcf |ncf |gnmofdndi n|$ N| ynee dj| aveif lvqndi

|gn} rqjmf}} afmkv}f |gf ak}f jh |gf mvr n} endd

kiknd}| |gf mgvmo$ N| cv}| dj| af }vrrj}fl |gk|

|ev# ndykql cjxfcfd| cv}| af v}fl |j |nd

fev}njd jh |gf jv|ykql jdf$ N cfkd |j ndhfq |gk|

|gf hjqcfq }gjvel rqfljcndk|f$ R4~ mkqfhve yjqo

kdl iqklvke rqf}}vqf |gf cf|ke ynee hndkee~ |jvmg

|gf hjqc#aejmo k| kee rjnd|}$

Cfd|njd gk} dj| affd cklf |gv} hkq jh |gf ;

|j af v}fl% k} n| n} afenfxfl fdjvig yk} }knl nd

Mgkr|fq NX |j fdkaef |gf afinddfq |j v}f gn} `vli#

cfd| nd |gf }fefm|njd jh |jje}$ C~ jrndnjd n} |gk|

|gf qjvdl#dj}f kdl enh|ndi |jje% nh |gf~ kqf rqjrfqe~

hjqcfl% mkd }vmmf}}hvee~ lj kee ln}g kdl mvr }rnd#

dndi jh kd jqlndkq~ mgkqkm|fq$ Hjq |gf rvqrj

}cjj|gndi% gjyfxfq% }jcf |jje yn|g k hek| }vqhkmf%}vmg k} |gf ejd#df jq rekdn}gfq$ ynee vdljva|fle~af v}fl yn|g cjqf hkmnen|~ kdl rj}}nae~ yn|g af||fq

qf}ve|}$ N yjvel }viif}| |gf v}f jh mjrrfq jq

kevcndvc hjq kee yjqo |gv} hkq lf}mqnafl% nh }|qfdi|g

jh ck|fqnke n} kd ja`fm| kdl nh |gf jrfqk|jq n} kd

kck|fvq jh }rnddndi yjqo$ Gjyfxfq% ygn|f cf|ke

n} cjqf fk}ne~ yjqofl |gkd mjrrfq kdl n} |gf fd}|jckqx cf|ke hjq |gf ak}f nd rek|fl ykqf$ A

n} qk|gfq |jj |jvig kdl gkql% kdl *ndm n} |jj aqn||ef

hjq jdf ;! v}f nd |gf fwrfqncfd|ke }|kif jh ]rnddndi$

Nh mjd}nlfqkaef lnhhnmve|~ n} fwrfqnfdmfl nd }fmvq#

ndi |gf lf}nqfl qf}ve|}% N jhhfq |gf# hjeejyndi k} }v#

nxf gfer}$ Hnq}|0 Odlfkxjq |j }rnd k }kvmfq

jh }ckee lnkcf|fq kdl jh }ncref jv|endf% jq k mvr

ygj}f }nlf} ckof kd kdief jh kajv| 96 yn|g |gf

afhjqf k||fcr|ndi }jcf|gndi cjqf lnhhnmve|$



CF\KE ]RNDDNDI 6=

]fmjdl0 Nd mvr }rnddndi v}f |gqff jq fxfd hjvq

hjqc#aejmo}% nh rfq}fxfqkdmf ynee dj| kmmjcren}g |gflf}nqfl qf}ve| yn|g |yj$

\gf }rffl jh |gf ek|gf hjq yjqo mjcndi nd |gf

mek}} gfqf mjd}nlfqfl mkd af k |qnhef gnigfq |gkd

|gk| inxfd k} kxfqkif nd k rqfxnjv} mgkr|fq$



6< CF\KE ]RNDDNDI



MGKR\FQ XN

GJY \J ]RND K XK]F

Nd |gn} mgkr|fq yf ynee mjd}nlfq kee hjqc} ygnmg

ck~ af mkeefl xk}f}$ Nd }jcf mk}f} |gf yjql xk}f

hjqcncrenf}

k dfmo jq k

|jr}ckeefq nd lnkcf|fq

|gkd |gf aj||jc$ N| n} |gn} rfmvenkqn|~ ygnmg }ffc}

|j ckof n| dfmf}}kq~ |gk| |gf }rnddndi jh xk}f}

}gjvel af lfke| yn|g }frkqk|fe~$

\gf ckdnrvek|njd jh |gf |jje} nd |gn} iqjvr jq

mek}} jh hjqc} ynee af }rjofd jh aqnfhe~ k} xfq~ hfy

dfy jrfqk|njd} nd |jje yjqo kqf nd|qjlvmfl$ V}vke#

e~ k iqfk|fq dvcafq jh |jje} kqf qf{vnqfl |j mjc#

ref|f k xk}f hjqc |gkd kqf v}fl hjq }ncrefq ja`fm|} ?

|gf}f ynee af cfd|njdfl ek|fq$

\gf rqndmnrke xkqnk|njd nqjc |gf ifdfqke cf|gjljh yjqo mjcf} nd ckondi |gf hjqc#aejmo}$ V}vkee~|gqff hjqc#aejmo} ynee af dfflfl hjq k xk}f#hjqc

ygnmg gk} k dfmo }ckeefq |gkd n|} ak}f% vdef}} jdf

n} kd klfr| k| }rnddndi nd |gf knq$ K} |gn} ajjo

n} }vrrj}fl |j af v}fl a~ kck|fvq yjqocfd% k}yfee k} j|gfq}% N }gkee mjd}nlfq |gk| rqfencndkq~ kdl

nd|fqcflnk|f hjqc#aejmo} ynee af v}fl nd afinddndiyjqo k| efk}|$ Yf ynee mjd}nlfq k }rfmnhnm rqjaefc

kiknd nd jqlfq |j neev}|qk|f kdl lf}mqnaf |j |gf af}|

klxkd|kif lf|knefl cf|gjl} jh }rnddndi$ Hnivqf ;1

}gjy} xfq|nmke mqj}}#}fm|njdke lqkyndi} jh k rqf#

encndkq~ kdl nd|fqcflnk|f mgvmo% kdl |gf fdl xnfy

kdl fefxk|njd jh |gf hndke hjqc#aejmo v}fl nd }rnd#

dndi k xk}f#hjqc qfrqf}fd|fl k| M nd |gn} }kcf mv|$

Nd Hni$ ;= ke}j ynee af }ffd k xfq|nmke mqj}}#}fm|njd



68 CF\KE ]RNDDNDI

MJ



CF\KE ]RNDDNDI 69

xnfy jh k hjqc#aejmo }gjyndi |gf mjd}|qvm|njd jh

k aejmo jq mgvmo hjq k xk}f yn|g k }ckee dfmo$Gfqf 'Hni$ ;1.% k} nd Mgkr|fq X% K kdl A kqf

}ncre~ v}fl k} fk}~ }|fr} nd ja|kndndi |gf hjqc

}gjyd k| M$ N| n} jde~ dfmf}}kq~% N afenfxf% |j mkee

k||fd|njd |j |gf hkm| |gk| |gf lnkcf|fq} }gjyd k| ;

kdl 1% nd K% A kdl M% kdl =% nd A kdl M% kqf |gf }kcf$

\gf ja`fm| jh |gn} n} |j rqjlvmf mjd|km| }vqhkmf}

hjq fkmg}vmmfflndi

hjqc#aejmo$

Jdf n} dj| klxn}fl |j vdlfq|kof |gf }rnddndi jh

k xk}f#hjqc afhjqf }ncrefq hjqc} gkxf affd |qnfl$

\gn} n} afmkv}f |gf yjqo k} k ygjef n} cjqf lnhhnmve|

|gkd n| n} nd }ncrefq rnfmf}$ \gfqf n} k rkq|nmvekq

lnhhnmve|~% |jj% ygnmg }gjvel af cfd|njdfl$ \gfdfmo jh |gf xk}f afndi }ckeefq |gkd n|} ak}f |gf

cf|ke cv}| af mjcrqf}}fl |j kd vdv}vke lfiqff

k} n| n} lqkyd jxfq |jykql |gf }fxfqke hjqc#aejmo}$

Kh|fq |gn} mjcrqf}}njd mjcf} k lqkyndi#jv| rqjmf}}%

|gf qf}ve| jh ygnmg n} |gf dfmo jh |gf xk}f$ ]vmg

}fxfqf |qfk|cfd| jh |gf cf|ke n} }khf jde~ nd |gf

gkdl} jh }rnddfq} jh }jcf fwrfqnfdmf$

Nd jqlfq |j lqky |gf hjqc#aejmo jv| jh |gf xk}f#

hjqc kh|fq n| n} }rvd% }jcf ondl jh }ren|#mgvmo cv}|

af v}fl% }vmg k} n} }gjyd k| M% jq fe}f |gf }jenlmgvmo cv}| af avqdfl kdl ajqfl jv| jh |gf hndn}gfl

kq|nmef$ K} |gn} ek}| jrfqk|njd n} cvmg cjqf lnhhnmve|

|gkd jdf cnig| k| hnq}| }vrrj}f% kdl% ke}j% k} a~ |gn}

cf|gjl jh qnllndi |gf xk}f hqjc n|} hjqc |gf xk}f

n} enkaef |j af lkckifl% n| gk} afmjcf mv}|jckq~ |j

lfxn}f }jcf hjqc jh }ren|#mgvmo yn|g k of~ rnfmf

ygnmg% ygfdyn|glqkyd%

ynee keejy |gf qfckndlfq

jh |gf mgvmo rkq|} |j ejj}fd% ygfd |gf~ ck~ af qf#

cjxfl yn|g fk}f$

Nd rqfrkqndi |gf}f }ren|#mgvmo} jdf }gjvel hnq}|



67 CF\KE ]RNDDNDI

mkqfhvee~ }fefm| k rnfmf jh ljiyjjl jq k xfq~

}|qknig|#iqkndfl rnfmf jh gkql ckref% kdl ajqf k

gjef% yn|g |gf iqknd% |gqjvig |gf aejmo hqjc fdl |j

fdl$ N| n} lf}nqkaef |gk| |gn} gjef }gjvel |krfq

}enig|e~$ \gn} ck~ af kmmjcren}gfl a~ hnq}| ajq#

ndi k }|qknig| gjef kdl |gfd mkqfhvee~ ijvindi n|

|j k |krfq$

K af||fq cf|gjl jh |krfqndi |gf gjef n} |j v}f k

|krfq qfkcfq kh|fq |gf }|qknig| gjef n} ajqfl$ \gfqfkcfq ynee efkxf k gjef |gk| ynee af |qvf kdl mjd#

}f{vfd|e~ kd kqajq ynee |jvmg |gf }|jmo k| kee rjnd|}$

Nh dfn|gfq jh |gf}f cf|gjl} }ffc} hfk}naef% |gf

}|qknig|% m~endlqnmke gjef ck~ af cklf |krfqndi a~

v}ndi k |krfqndi% yjjlfd }rndlef mjxfqfl yn|g }kdl#

rkrfq$ !Ygfd |gf gjef gk} affd rqjrfqe~ rqfrkqfl|j qfmfnxf |gf

}rndlef%|gf |yj

rkq|}jh |gf mgvmo

}gjvel af rv| |jif|gfq kdl |gf lf}nqfl hjqc |vqdfl$

\gn} hjqc jq hjqc#aejmo% k} yf gkxf mkeefl n|% n}

dfw| lqnxfd jhh jh n|} kqajq '|gf }rndlef. kdl }ren|

k} neev}|qk|fl nd M% Hni$ ;1$ \gf hjqc#aejmo n} }ren|

}j |gk| kee rkq|} |krfq |jykql |gf mfd|fq jh |gf aejmo

fwmfr| jdf% ckqofl !;! nd |gf neev}|qk|njd$ \gn}

rnfmf% |gf of~ rnfmf% ynee af ekqif k| |gf mfd|fq kdl

}ckee jd |gf jv|}nlf jh |gf hjqc#aejmo$ Gf#}nlf}

afndi mkqfhve nd |vqdndi kdl nd }ren||ndi |gf mgvmo%

jdf cv}| v}f `vlicfd| nd }j rqjrjq|njdndi kee rkq|}

|gk| |gf of~ rnfmf ck~ af hnq}| yn|glqkyd |gqjvig|gf gjef ygnmg yk} ajqfl hjq |gf kqajq% kdl |gfd

j|gfq} ck~ af yn|glqkyd yn|gjv| lnhhnmve|~ nh |gf~kqf dj| efh| |jj |gnmo$ Ygfd |gf mgvmo gk} hndkee~

affd rqfrkqfl k} lf}mqnafl% n| n} qfkl~ hjq v}f$ \gfrkq|} ynee af gfel |jif|gfq k| |gf ak}f a~ |gf cf|ke%

ygnmg gk} |gf }kcf }gkrf k| |gf ak}f jh |gf xk}f

k} |gf ek}| hjqcfl mgvmo$ \gf rkq|} kqf gfel |j#



]rfmncfd} jh |gf ]rnddfq)} Hndf}| Fhhfm|}



82 CF\KE ]RNDDNDI



CF\KE ]RNDDNDI 8;

if|gfq k| |gf |jr jh |gf xk}f a~ }jcf lfxnmf }ncnekq

|j |gf jdf }gjyd k| =% Hni$ ;1% jq k }ncnekq lfxnmf

cjqf mefkqe~ neev}|qk|fl nd Hni$ ;=$

Rqjakae~ |gf cj}| lnhhnmve| }rnddndi |j af ljdf

nd |gf xk}f#hjqc }gjyd nd Hni$ ;1 ynee af mgkdindi|gf hjqc hqjc K |j A$ Gfqf |gf cfkd} jh mjcrqf}#

}ndi |gf cf|ke a~ }rnddndi nd |gf knq ynee af fc#

rej~fl$ Aveindi jvig| dj| |j af |gf qf}ve|% nh |gf

cf|ke hn|} |nig|e~ k| |gf ak}f jh |gf xk}f$ K$ mjd#

}nlfqkaef kcjvd| jh mjcrqf}}ndi cv}| af ljdf% gjy#fxfq% |j if| |gf cf|ke nd|j |gf m~endlqnmke hjqc

}gjyd nd A kdl jdf cv}| v}f k iqfk| lfke jh mkqf |j

rqfxfd| |qjvaef nd |gn} jrfqk|njd$ Nd}|fkl jh offr#

ndi |gf cf|ke k} |gnmo k} |gf jqnindke }gff| jdf cv}|

mjcrqf}} n| fdjvig 'nd |gf xk}f#hjqc} ygnmg gkxf

k dfmo. |j keejy n| |j af lqkyd jv| jd mgvmo M%

nd

ckondi|gf

mjdmkxn|~hjq

|gf dfmo$ \gn} qf{vnqf}}ncre~ |gk| |gf rqjmf}} jh mjcrqf}}njd }gjvel af

mjd|ndvfl ejdifq |gkd v}vke$ \gf dfmo n} hjqcfl

a~ rekmndi |gf |jje rjnd| vdlfq |gf kwn} jh qfxjev#

|njd kdl yjqondi hqjc |gf ekqifq lnkcf|fq} |jykql

|gf }ckeefq lnkcf|fq} kh|fq |gf m~endlqnmke hjqc

}rvd jd A n} rekmfl jd aejmo M$ K||fd|njd n} mkeefl

|j |gf hkm| |gk| |gf lnkcf|fq} k| = nd A kdl M kqf

|gf }kcf% kdl ke}j |gf }kcf k} |gf lnkcf|fq k| 1$

Kdj|gfq cf|gjl hjq hjqcndi |gf dfmo n} |j v}f }vmg k

|jje k} |gf enh|fq? n| n} rv}gfl |jykql |gf kwn} kdl

yjqofl ljydykql hqjc fkmg }nlf |jykql |gf }ckee

lnkcf|fq$

]gjvel k hjqc af lf}nqfl yn|g k }va}|kd|nke qjee

k| |gf |jr% k} nd Hni$ ;<% kd klln|njdke mgvmo ck~

af qf{vnqfl ygnmg ynee keejy |gf ygjef xk}f% yn|g|gf fwmfr|njd jh |gf |jr% |j af klcn||fl% k} }gjydnd Hni#$ ;< k| |gf aj||jc jh |gf }gff|$ Nd |gn} ondl



81 CF\KE ]RNDDNDI

jh k xk}f#hjqc% nd ygnmg |gf ak}f n} ekqifq |gkd |gf

|jr% |gf mgvmo v}fl nd ckondi |gf qjeefl dfmo cv}|gf }ren| nd gkexf} jq {vkq|fq} nd jqlfq |j keejy |gf

mgvmo |j af yn|glqkyd hqjc |gf hndn}gfl xk}f#hjqc$

N gkxf jde~ ndlnmk|fl |gf cf|gjl} fcrej~fl ax

jel }rnddfq} nd ja|kndndi ljvaef#mvqxf xk}f#hjqc}$

\gfqf n} iqfk| jrrjq|vdn|~ hjq jqnindke lfxnmf} kdl

cf|gjl} nd }rnddndi kd~ kq|nmef% av| nd |gn} mek}}

jh yjqo rfqgkr} |gfqf n} cjqf mgkdmf hjq |gf lf#

xfejrcfd| jh ndlnxnlvken|~ jd |gf rkq| jh |gf yjqo#

ckd |gkd nd yjqo }vmg k} gk} affd lf}mqnafl nd

rqfxnjv} mgkr|fq}$

En||ef cjqf dffl af }knl mjdmfqdndi |gf v}f jh

|jje}% kddfkendi% f|m$ |gkd gk} keqfkl~ affd }knl$

Kddfkendi cv}| |kof rekmf ygfdfxfq dfmf}}kq~% av|

yjqocfd }gjvel af rqjhnmnfd| fdjvig nd }rnddndi%

ygfd vdlfq|kondi k lnhhnmve| hjqc% |j qf{vnqf |gf

cndncvc dvcafq jh kddfkendi} hjq k rkq|nmvekq

rnfmf jh yjqo$ \gf |jje} v}fl hjq kd~ hjqc }gjvel

af }fefm|fl yn|g qfhfqfdmf |j |gfnq }npf kdl }gkrn#$

K} k qvef |gf qjvdl#dj}f n} mjd}nlfqfl |gf ifdfdne

|jje$ \gf odja qkn}fq n} |gf |jje v}fl rkq|nmvekqe~

hjq enh|ndi jq qkn}ndi nd }gkeejy rjq|njd} jh |gf hjqc

jq nd iqjjxf}$ \gf rekdn}gfq jq |gf |jdivf n} k

}k|n}hkm|jq~ |jje hjq }cjj|gndi }|qknig|% mjdnmke jq

mxendlqnmke }vqhkmf}$



MGKR\FQ XNN

GJY \J ]RND ]JCF VDMEK]]NHNFL

HJQC]

Ygk|fxfq k ckd)} jmmvrk|njd ck~ af gf n} k|

kd~ |ncf enkaef |j af mjdhqjd|fl yn|g dfy rqjaefc}$

\gf }mgjje mkddj| |fkmg kee% fxfd |gjvig n| }|qnxf}

|j ek~ |gf hjvdlk|njd hjq kee$ N gkxf k||fcr|fl nd

|gf}f mgkr|fq} |j inxf |gf hjvdlk|njd hjq kee cf|ke

}rnddndi k} n| n} djy rqkm|n}fl$ Nd |gn} mgkr|fq N

}gkee }rfko jde~ jh k hfy jrfqk|njd} ygnmg ck~ kll

|j |gf ndhjqck|njd |gv} hkq inxfd% kdl% }gjvel |gf

qfklfq }rnd j|gfq hjqc} |gkd |gj}f rqfxnjv}e~ lf#

}mqnafl% |gn} mgkr|fq ck~ af gferhve$

]rnddndi nd |gf knq gk} affd qfhfqqfl |j k} |gfmjd|qje jh |gf cf|ke ygfd n| n} }rnddndi af|yffd

|gf |jje nd |gf qnig| gkdl kdl k }|nmo nd |gf efh|$

N| n} |qvf |gk| |gn} n} jdf ondl jh }rnddndi nd |gf knq%

av| |gfqf n} kdj|gfq ondl |gk| N yn}g |j lf}mqnaf$

Nd ifdfqke% knq }rnddndi jq }rnddndi nd |gf knq n} kd~

}rnddndi jrfqk|njd nd ygnmg |gf lf}nqfl hjqc n} ja#

|kndfl yn|gjv| |gf v}f jh k hjqc#aejmo jq mgvmo$

V}vkee~ |gn} ondl jh }rnddndi qf{vnqf} iqfk| }onee%

av| |gfqf kqf jrfqk|njd} nd |gn} mek}} ygnmg% yn|g

en||ef rqkm|nmf% kqf rfqhjqcfl yn|g mjcrkqk|nxf fk}f$

\gf neev}|qk|njd% Hni$ ;6% }gjy} k rnfmf jh }rndlef

}rnddndi ygnmg gk} kd nqqfivekq }gkrf nd |gf mfd|fq

ygfqf |gf lnkcf|fq} kqf }ckeefq |gkd |gj}f k| |gf

fdl} jh |gf }rndlef$ Nh kee jh |gn} }gjvel af }rvd

jxfq k }jenl hjqc% n| yjvel af ncrj}}naef |j yn|g#lqky |gf hjqc ygfd }rnddndi yk} mjcref|fl$ N|

n} ke}j rqkm|nmkee~ ncrj}}naef |j ckof k yjqokaef



8< CF\KE ]RNDDNDI



CF\KE ]RNDDNDI 86

}ren| hjqc% lvf |j |gf }ckee lnkcf|fq}$ Fn|gfq jdf

jh |gf hjeejyndi |yj cf|gjl} }ffc} rj}}naef$ Jdf%

|gk| jh }rnddndi jxfq k }jenl hjqc ygnmg ynee% nd |gf

fdl% af avqdfl jq ajqfl jv|% jq% |gf j|gfq% |gk| jh

}rnddndi |gf cf|ke yn|gjv| |gf v}f jh k lfhndn|f

hjqc$ \gf hjqcfq jh |gf}f |yj cf|gjl} n} }ejy%

kdl lkdifqjv} |j |gf kq|nmef }rvd$ \gf ek||fq n}

{vnmoe~ kmmjcren}gfl kdl% ygfd |gf }rnddndi jrfqk#

|njd} kqf mjcref|fl% klln|njdke yjqo n} vddfmf}}kq~$

Hnivqf ;6 }gjy} |yj mgvmo} v}fl nd hjqcndi |gf

}rndlef$ K n} }jenl kdl n} n |gf hjqqd hnq}| v}fl$ A

}gjy} |gf }fmjdl hjqc v}fl$ N| 4xnee af dj|nmfl

|gk| |gf }gkrf jh |gf mgvmo K rfqcn|} jh n|} qfcjxke

hqjc |gf }rvd kq|nmef Yn|gjv| lnhhnmve|~$ \gf }gkrf

jh |gf hndn}gfl rnfmf% gjyfxfq% yjvel nd|fqhfqf nd

}vmg k qfcjxke% mjd}f{vfd|e~ }jcf mgvmonu

lfxn}fl

ygnmg yneegjel |gf cf|ke

}rndlefk|

fkmg%fdl kdl

ck~ af yn|glqkyd ygfd |gf mfd|qke rkq| jh |gf

}rndlef n} hndn}gfl$

\gf rkq| jh |gf }rndlef af|yffd rjnd|} ; kdl 1

n} }rvd nd |gf knq$ \gf |jje n} mkqfhvee~ rqf}}fl

kiknd}| |gf cf|ke k} n| qfxjexf}% yjqondi hqjc |gf

ekqif lnkcf|fq ygnmg yk} hjqcfl jd mgvmo K |j

|gf }ckee lnkcf|fq} k} ndlnmk|fl nd |gf lqkyndi$

Gfqf jdf mkd v}f }vmg |jje} k} |gf iqjjxfq kdl

|jdivf |j ijjl klxkd|kif$ \gn} neev}|qk|njd jh }rnd#

dndi nd |gf knq ynee }fqxf |j fwreknd |gf cfkdndijh |gn} fwrqf}}njd kdl |j }gjy |gf rj}}nanen|nf} nd

|gn} lnqfm|njd$ \gf }mjrf jh |gn} rkq|nmvekq ondl

jh }rnddndi mkd jde~ af qfkenpfl k} jdf rqkm|n}f} kdl

}|qnxf} |j af ndifdnjv} nd |gf ndxfd|njd jh cfkd}

ygfqfa~ lnhhnmve| hjqc} ck~ af rqjlvmfl$\gv} hkq% yn|g |gf fwmfr|njd jh k }ndief cfd|njd

jh k cfkd} jh rqjlvmndi k ekqif qjee k| |gf |jr jh



88 CF\KE ]RNDDNDI



CF\KE ]RNDDNDI 89

k xk}f% kee hkmfrek|f mgvmo} lf}mqnafl gkxf affd

mjdxfw |jykql |gf hkmfrek|f$ ]jcf yjqo qf{vnqf}

k mgvmo ygnmg n} mjdmkxf |jykql |gf gfkl jh |gf

ek|gf$ V}vkee~% ygfd |gn} n} |qvf% k rqfencndkq~mgvmo jh |gf hnq}| ondl n} v}fl |j }rnd |gf ak}f jh

|gf kq|nmef lf}nqfl kdl ke}j |j }rnd |gf cf|ke kajxf

|gf ak}f nd|j k m~endlqnmke }gkrf$

Kd fwkcref jh yjqo ygnmg ynee qf{vnqf aj|g |gf

mjdxfw kdl mjdmkxf mgvmo} n} inxfd nd k gkdindi

hejyfq rj|% Hni$ ;8$ Cj}| rekd|} ygnmg ck~ afofr| nd k gkdindi rj| qf{vnqf mjd}nlfqkaef yk|fq

kdl ckd~ jh |gfc qf{vnqf yk|fq mjd|ndvkee~ }|kdl#

ndi nd |gf rj|$ K| |gf }kcf |ncf fkq|g xfd|nek|njd

n} dfmf}}kq~$ \gf }rvd rj| neev}|qk|fl jd rkif 88

n} lf}nidfl |j hnee |gf}f dffl}% kdl }fqxf} nd |gn}

nd}|kdmf k} k ijjl fwkcref hjq k rqjaefc nd }rnd#

dndi$\gf }|~ef jh mgvmo jqlndkqne~ v}fl hjq }rnddndi

mvr} ynee hnq}| af fcrej~fl$ \gf fdl jh |gn} hjqc

n} hek| kdl k} |gf cf|ke ygnmg ynee hjqc |gf aj||jc

jh |gf rj| ynee af mjdmkxf% k} neev}|qk|fl% mjd}nlfq#

kaef cf|ke }gjvel af mjcrqf}}fl dfkq |gf kwn} jh

qfxjev|njd hjq |gn} rvqrj}f$ V}vkee~ |gf hnq}| cjxf#

cfd| jh |gf |jje n} jv|ykql hqjc |gf mfd|fq$ \gn}

jrfqk|njd rqjlvmf} k mjd|km| }vqhkmf kdl |gnd} |gf

cf|ke }enig|e~$ \j mjcrqf}} |gf cf|ke yf cv}|

cjxf |gf |jje |jykql |gf mfd|fq% av| |gn} ynee rj}#

}nae~ ejj}fd |gf cf|ke k| |gf ak}f kdl ck~ ke}j

aveif n|$ \gf}f qn}o} cv}| af |kofd% gjyfxfq% kdl

mkd af jxfqmjcf a~ v}ndi aj|g |gf jv|ykql kdl

ndykql cj|njd} jh |gf |jje nd }vmmf}}nxf }|qjof}$

\gf jv|ykql }|qjof} ynee |fdl |j offr |gf cf|ke ndn|} rqjrfq }gkrf% ygnef |gf ndykql }|qjof}% nh }vhhn#

mnfd| hjqmf n} fwfq|fl% ynee mjcrqf}} |gf cf|ke }enig|#



87 CF\KE ]RNDDNDI



CF\KE ]RNDDNDI 8>

e~ yn|g fkmg cjxfcfd|$ Ygfd }vhhnmnfd| mjcrqf}#}njd gk} affd ja|kndfl% |gf cf|ke ck~ af lqkyd

jxfq |gf mgvmo k} )lf}mqnafl nd rqfxnjv} mgkr|fq}$

\gf mgvmo yn|g$) |gf mjdmkxf aj||jc n} v}fl ygfd

|gf cf|ke gk} affd }rvd |j |gf hnq}| hjqc$ \gf

ak}of| k} n| mjqdfe hqjc mgvmo ; gk} k ekqif mjd|km|

}vqhkmf rqfrkqfl hjq$ mgvmo 1% kdl nh |gf mjd|km| n}

k ijjl jdf% |gf Mfd|fq ck~ gfqf af ln}rfd}fl yn|g

kdl |gf qf}| ck~ af rekmfl k| qnig| kdief} |j |gf

ek|gf#afl kdl lnqfm|e~ nd hqjd| jh |gf yjqo kh|fq |gf

dfmo jh |gf ak}of| n} }rvd$ \gf qkn}ndi#vr |jje%

qjvdl#dj}f jq odja qkn}fq ck~ af fcrej~fl nd mjd#

mkxndi |gf aj||jc a~ iqklvkee~ yjqondi |gf |jje

jv|ykql% rqndmnrkee~% kdl ndykqlu=v| }enig|e~$ \gf

gjef nd |gf aj||jc mkd af lqneefl |gqjvig ygnef |gf

yjqo n} }|nee jd `?gf mgvmo% a~ rekmndi k lqnee nd k

|kne}|jmo mgvmo k} nd qfivekq ckmgndf#}gjr yjqo$Rqjakae~ |gf gjef ck~ af k} }k|n}hkm|jqne~ mv| a~

v}ndi |gf rjnd| jh k lnkcjdl rjnd| gkdl#|jje `v}|

afhjqf qfcjxndi |gf ak}of| hqjc |gn} mgvmo jq hjqc#

aejmo% ygnmg cv}| af }ren| k} nd Hni$ ;<% k} a~

lqneendi$

N afenfxf yf qnkxf mjd}nlfqfl kee |gf dfmf}}kq~

jrfqk|njd} hjq }rnddndi }ndief rnfmf} jh cf|ke$ N

}gkee k||fcr| |j inxf |gf qfklfq kd nlfk jh |gf

cf|gjl jh }rnddndi |yj rnfmf} jh cf|ke |jif|gfq$

Dj af||fq fwkcref% N afenfxf% mkd af inxfd |gkd

|gf gjeejy }rgfqf$ Neev}|qk|njd} jh |gn} kqf }gjyd nd

Hni$ ;9$

\yj gfcn}rgfqf} kqf }frkqk|fe~ }rvd k} neev}#

|qk|fl k| K$ Nd hkm| fkmg }gjvel af iqfk|fq nd lfr|g

|gkd nd lnkcf|fq?

|j@ keejy hjq |gf ndykql kdl jv|#ykql |vqd} jh |gf flif} }gjyd k| A$ Kh|fq |gf |yj

rnfmf} gkxf mjcf hqjc |gf mjdxfw mgvmo% fkmg n}



92 CF\KE ]RNDDNDI



CF\KE ]RNDDNDI 9;

rv| nd|j k mjdmkxf mgvmo ygnmg rfqcn|} |gf gfcn#

}rgfqf} |j }f| nd}nlf yn|g |gf kcjvd|% ygnmg yk}efh| hjq |gf |vqd% rqj`fm|ndi$ \gf jv|ykql |vqd n}

fk}ne~ cklf a~ ifd|e~ rqf}}ndi |gf qjvdl#dj}f jq

|gf akmo jh |gf |jdivf |jje kiknd}| |gf flif jh |gf

cf|ke jd |gf nd}nlf jh |gf gfcn}rgfqf kdl keejyndi

|gf |jje |j hjeejy |gf cf|ke k} n| qjee} jv|ykql$

Kh|fq |gf qjee gk} affd cklf n| ck~ af rqf}}fl

ljyd |j |gf qfivekq }gkrf kdl |gnmodf}}$

\gf gkeh ygnmg gk} |gf flif |vqdfl ndykql n}

rekmfl nd |gf }kcf mgvmo ygnmg yk} v}fl hjq |gf

hnq}| gkeh kdl |gf |vqd kmmjcren}gfl nd rqkm|nmkee~

|gf }kcf ckddfq% fwmfr| |gk| |gf |jje n} rqf}}fl

kiknd}| |gf cf|ke hqjc |gf jv|}nlf kdl hjeejy} n|

k} n| |vqd} ndykql$ Ygfd |gf |vqd gk} affd mjc#

ref|fl |j |gf }k|n}hkm|njd jh |gf yjqockd% gf rqf}}f}

|gf fdl jh |gf iqjjxndi |jje jq qjvdl#dj}f kiknd}||gf nd}nlf jh |gf gfcn}rgfqf `v}| k| |gf fdl jh |gf

|vqd kdl ckof} |gf }enig| qjee }gjyd k| A$

\gn} hjqc} k }enig| }gjvelfq kiknd}| ygnmg |gf

}fmjdl gkeh jh |gf }rgfqf rqf}}f} ygfd |gf |yj kqf

hjqcfl |jif|gfq$ Fn|gfq |gf ndykql jq jv|ykql

qjeefl flif ck~ af hjqcfl a~ |gf v}f jh |gf }rnd#

dfq})renfq}

ygnmg kqf }gjyd nd

Hni$

;7$ Nh |gf}f

kqf fcrej~fl nd}|fkl jh |gf jqlndkq~ }rnddndi |jje}%

|gf~ iqk}r |gf flif jh |gf cf|ke k} n| qfxjexf} kdl

|gf yjqockd |gqjy} |gf gkdlef nd jq jv|% lfrfdlndi

vrjd |gf hjqck|njd jh |gf ndykql jq jv|ykql |vqd$

N| n} af}| |j mjcref|f ek}| |gf gkeh gkxndi |gf nd#

ykql qjee$ \gn} gkeh }gjvel qfcknd nd |gf mgvmo

ygfd |gf |yj gkexf} kqf hjqcfl |jif|gfq$

Efkxndi |gf hnq}| gkeh nd n|} rekmf nd |gf mgvmo%

|gf }fmjdl gkeh n} rqf}}fl nd|j n| vd|ne |gf |yj qjee}

mjcf |jif|gfq% ygfd |gf |kne mfd|fq n} lqkyd vr



91 CF\KE ]RNDDNDI

kdl rqf}}f} |gf |yj gkexf} hnqce~ |jif|gfq$ K hnqc

av| }enig| rqf}}vqf yn|g |gf fdl jh |gf iqjjxfq }rnd}|gf |yj gkexf} |jif|gfq$ Nh |gf }rgfqf n} lf}nqfl

rfqhfm|e~ knq jq yk|fq |nig|% k an| jh }jelfq ck~ af

qvd nd|j |gf }fkc$

\gf cf|gjl jh ckondi |gf }rgfqf `v}| lf}mqnafl

n} a~ dj cfkd} k }ncref jdf djq n} n| jdf |gk| mkd

af hjeejyfl yn|g }vmmf}} a~ kee yjqocfd$ M nd

Hni$;9 }gjy} kdj|gfq

cfkd}jh

qfkmgndi|gf

}kcfqf}ve|} nd kd fk}nfq yk~% av| gfqf kd fw|qk }|qnr n}

}jelfqfl jd |gf nd}nlf jh jdf jh |gf gfcn}rgfqf}ygnmg ljf} dj| rfqcn| jh }rnddndi jrfqk|njd} kejdf

afndi v}fl nd |gf rqjlvm|njd jh |gf hndn}gfl kq|nmef$

]vmg k rqjaefc k} |gn} n} cjqf rqkm|nmkee~ mejdf a~

rqf}}ndi ckmgndf} |gkd a~ }rnddndi cf|gjl} k}

gfqfnd lf}mqnafl$

Nd mej}ndi |gn} mgkr|fq% kdl k} k ek}| yjql% N yn}g

|j fwrqf}} |gf gjrf |gk| ckd~ ynee vdlfq|kof |gn}

kecj}| fd|qkdmndi hjqc jh mjel cf|ke yjqo$ N| lf#

}fqxf} k rekmf kcjdi |gf mqkh|}% kdl% N afenfxf% n}

yjq|g~ jh mjd}nlfqk|njd hqjc k mjccfqmnke }|kdl#

rjnd|$



Fwkcref} nd Mjrrfq





Mjd|fd|}

Kevcndvc $$$$ =9

Aqk}} =8

Mjrrfq =1

Ln}g% Lffr% Gjy |j ]rnd <>

Ln}g% ]gkeejy% Gjy |j ]rnd $$$$ =>

Ek|gf kdl N|} Rkq|} ;;

Cf|ke% Rqfrkqk|njd hjq ]rnddndi $$$ =;

Cf|ke% Ygn|f =6

Rqfrkqk|njd jh Cf|ke hjq ]rnddndi $$$ =;

\jje} 1;

Vdmek}}nhnfl Hjqc}% Gjy |j ]rnd $$$ 8=

Xk}f% Gjy |j ]rnd 66

Ygn|f Cf|ke =6

Pndm % =9



JVQ J\GFQ RVAENMK\NJD]

Rqkm|nmke Cfmgkdnmke LqkyndiA~ Y$ H$ YNEEKQL

'Hjqcfqe~ nd}|qvm|jq nd Cfmgkdnmke Lqkyndi k| KqcjvqNd}|n|v|f jh \fmgdjeji~$.

K ajjo hjq ndlnxnlvke }|vl~% }gjr mek}}f}% |qklf jq gnig}mgjje}% kdl |gj}f ygj yjvel enof |j odjy }jcf|gndi jh |gf

lqkh|ndi rqjhf}}njd$ \gf af}| ajjo hjq afinddfq} kdl jdf|gk| gk} ejdi affd dfflfl$ ]ncref% Qk|njdke% Fmjdjcnmke kdl

Hqf}g$ ;=< rkif}% ;=; neev}|qk|njd}$ ]npf 6w9 ndmgf}$ Mej|gmjxfq$

Rqnmf 62 mfd|}% rj}|rknl$

Rjyfq Ik} kdl |gf Ik} Rqjlvmfq

A~ @$ M$ CNEEFQ% C$ F$

K dfy ajjo |gk| n} dfflfl? mjxfqndi fxfq~ lf|kne jh nd}|kee#

k|njd kdl jrfqk|njd$ K mjcrqfgfd}nxf |qfk|n}f hjq |gf ek~ckd%mefkq jh ka}|qv}f |fmgdnmken|nf}% ~f| nd fxfq~ yk~ kv|gfd|nm$

Ynee fdkaef |gf ]|fkc V}fq |j `vlif k} |j |gf fmjdjc~ kdl

klxn}kanen|~ jh mgkdindi |j Rqjlvmfq jrfqk|njd$ 122 rkif}%mej|g mjxfq$

]npf 6 + w7 ndmgf}$ Rqnmf ,;$22% rj}|rknl$

Rk||fqd#CkondiA~ I$ G$ YNEEKQL

Yn|g Klln|njdke Mgkr|fq} jd Mjqf#Ckondi kdl Cjelndi

K ajjo yqn||fd hjq |gf ckd ygj ljf} |gf yjqo% a~ k

rqkm|nmke rk||fqd ckofq jh ckd~ ~fkq}) fwrfqnfdmf$ If|}

qnig| ljyd |j av}ndf}} nd |gf hnq}| mgkr|fq kdl offr} n| vr|gqjvigjv| |gf ajjo$ Hvee jh ondo} kdl yjqondi ndhjqck|njd$

Rqjhv}fe~ neev}|qk|fl$ Fxfq~ jdf hjeejyndi |gn} |qklf jq

nd|fdlndi |j efkqd n| }gjvel gkxf k mjr~ jh |gn} xkevkaef ajjo$

11< rkif}% =;1 neev}|qk|njd}% mej|g mjxfq$

]npf 6$)%w7 ndmgf}$ Rqnmf ,;$22 rj}|rknl$

RJRVEKQ CFMGKDNM] MJ$% 116 Yk}gndi|jd ]|qff|% MGNMKIJ











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Metal Spinning - Practical Instruction