METAPHORICAL COGNITION AND METAPHORICAL COGNITION AND ACTUALIZATION OF ARCHAIC ACTUALIZATION OF ARCHAIC

CONCEPTS IN THE DAILY DISCOURSECONCEPTS IN THE DAILY DISCOURSE

Pavel BaryshnikovPavel BaryshnikovRussia, Pyatgorsk State Linguistic University

General provisionsGeneral provisions

The adress deals with functions of The adress deals with functions of metaphoric thought during formation of metaphoric thought during formation of affective expressions based on the archaic affective expressions based on the archaic layers of linguistic consciousness. It also layers of linguistic consciousness. It also covers semantic substitution underlying covers semantic substitution underlying idiomatic forms of reality representation. idiomatic forms of reality representation.

General provisionsGeneral provisions

The English and French affective The English and French affective metaphorical and idiomatic expressions metaphorical and idiomatic expressions serve as examples of activity of archaic serve as examples of activity of archaic mythological concepts possessing of mythological concepts possessing of different semantic attributes.different semantic attributes.

A metaphor suggests that feelings tend to A metaphor suggests that feelings tend to represent an offensive, negative force represent an offensive, negative force which is beyond the control of a man. which is beyond the control of a man.

FeelingsFeelings- come over a come over a

personperson - strike himstrike him - settle in his heartsettle in his heart - creep up on him;creep up on him;

A person may A person may - fight his feelingsfight his feelings - overcome themovercome them . .

In language embodiment, a person In language embodiment, a person dominated by dominated by his feelingshis feelings is like a myth is like a myth

character struggling forces of nature (character struggling forces of nature (storm, storm, tempest, wavetempest, wave and etc): and etc):

- to be mad with passion,to be mad with passion, - to lose one’s temperto lose one’s temper ,,- to be beside oneself with anger,to be beside oneself with anger, - to be blinded by rage,to be blinded by rage, - to be besideto be beside oneself oneself with fear.with fear.

The system of ancient mythological ideas of The system of ancient mythological ideas of good spirits and the evil ones could possibly good spirits and the evil ones could possibly had been transferred into the language as a had been transferred into the language as a

system of metaphorical collocations system of metaphorical collocations

expressing sensual statesexpressing sensual states

One may still hear someone say One may still hear someone say

‘‘it’s the devils workit’s the devils work’’

‘‘the witch is in it’the witch is in it’

‘‘he is spellbound’he is spellbound’

TYPOLOGY OF EMOTIONAL IMAGESTYPOLOGY OF EMOTIONAL IMAGES This is why some of these expressions This is why some of these expressions are still used:are still used: -sadness creeps in my heartsadness creeps in my heart - anguish is in my soulanguish is in my soul - to be under somebody’s skinto be under somebody’s skin - sick to the back teethsick to the back teeth - to be a pain in the neckto be a pain in the neck

Concept’s description

Russian French English

1. Feelings in image of beast.

Грусть/печаль/тоска нападает, наваливается, гложет, охватывает кого-либо; озвереть, зверская злость;

Avoir le cafard. Passer son humeur noire. Les affres de la mort, féroce bestial. About sadness – s’emparer de qn., gagner qn., se ruer sur (directe sense to savage) ;

To grip, to seize, to overcome, beastly, awful, frightful, tremendous, ravenous.

Concept’s description

2. The image of fight, attack and victory over the infernal nature of zoomorphic senses is expressed in the direct metaphors.

Russian

Бороться со скукой, превозмогать тоску, пересилить лень, избыть, одолеть, разогнать, рассеять, развеять и т.д;

French

Dissiper le cafard, chasser l’ennui, surmonter, dominer les sentiment, réprimer ses passions ;

English

to subdue , to dispel, to destroy, to master), to bridle, to override, to bend to one's will.

3. Destructive component of emotional images is expressed by the dramatic verbs.

Гнев, ярость, горе, тоска, печаль, уныние, скука и т.д.) – давит, душит, гнетет, гложет, заедает, сжирает, сушит, старит, сгибает, наваливается, нападает, ложиться на сердце, стесняет грудь, находит, накатывает, обуревает, обуяет;

Rage, tristesse, angoisse, cafard, chagrin, pien, écumant (foaming) de rage, consumer, avoir la poitrine opréssée, ronger, accabler, l'angoisse étreint, avoir le coeur serré ;

To emaciate, to exhaust, devoured by guilt, to prey upon, to gnow (Sorrow is gnawing at my heart), torment, harass, to choke,( he is choking with anger).

4. Some metaphors meaning emotional and ecstatic states are characterizes by mythological images of mystic transformations as well as by leaving of body, loss the soul. And it indicates the conservation of semantic traces of archaic magic beliefs in language consciousness.

Побелеть, потемнеть, поседеть, согнуться, осунуться, трястись от ярости, задрожать от гнева, выйти из себя, сам не свой, быть на себя непохожим;

Trembler, à se tordre les côtes (до скрученных ребер),se courber; se plier, s'obscurcir, pâlir d'effroi, devenir blanc comme un linge, ses traits se sont tirés; ses joues se sont

creusées (cheeks have sunk in,

ввалились щёки ), s'emporter, éclater ,sortir de ses gonds (выйти из себя ), sortir de son lit (выйти из берегов), être très mal à l’aise.

To be beside oneself; to lose one's temper, to fly into a rage, to be not himself with grief, to grow, grow lean, get/grow pinched; become drawn in the face; become thin and hollow-cheeked; look drawn/haggard; become peaky.

Thus, we may state that the language Thus, we may state that the language metaphors expressing sensual and emotional metaphors expressing sensual and emotional states reproduce the mythological conceptions states reproduce the mythological conceptions on evil spirits, chtonic forces which are on evil spirits, chtonic forces which are beyond the control of human power. These beyond the control of human power. These forces transform the Cosmos of human soul to forces transform the Cosmos of human soul to ruins of the Chaos. ruins of the Chaos.

death’s motifdeath’s motif Concept description

Russian French English

5. death’motif

тоска смертная, скука смертельная, убийственная тоска, сдохнуть, повеситься, от тоски, мухи мрут, умирать от страха от ужаса

humeur massacrante, les affres de la mort, crever de l’ennui, on s'ennuie à mourir, les transes de la mort, c'est mortel

killing, murderous deadly, terrible, (mortal) agony, death throes, this book bores you to death, to croak, utter boredom

Conceptdescription

Russian French English

6.a) death’s motif (the cold, the lost of mind and immobility)

окоченеть, кровь стынет в жилах, похолодеть, заледенеть от страха, похолодело внутри

le sang se glace dans les veines, avoir la frousse, être glacé d'effroi, être transi de froid, la peur lui glace le sang

one's blood freezes, one's blood runs cold, it makes one's blood curdle, to grow cold (numb) with terror

Bestial motfConcept’s description

Russian French English

7. Bestial motf разбудить в ком-л. зверя, убить в себе зверя, задушить в себе зверя, выпустить тигра из клетки, сорваться с цепи, смотреть как загнанный/раненный зверь, выпустить когти;

se déchaîner, comme une bête enragée, avoir l'air farouche, montrer ses griffes, montrer les dents

to look very fierce, to look daggers, to bring out the beast in smb., to show its claws.

SummarySummaryThus, the results of comparative analyzes of Thus, the results of comparative analyzes of

metaphoric expressions, meaning the emotional metaphoric expressions, meaning the emotional states gives the possibility to confirm that the states gives the possibility to confirm that the language and its semantic connotative functions language and its semantic connotative functions retain so-called “patterns” of cultural memory which retain so-called “patterns” of cultural memory which are based on the archaic mythological concepts. are based on the archaic mythological concepts. These mythological concepts have two functional These mythological concepts have two functional levels. On the one hand the mythogenese is a levels. On the one hand the mythogenese is a result of social cultural activity, i.e. it‘s a area of result of social cultural activity, i.e. it‘s a area of external functioning, on the other hand mythological external functioning, on the other hand mythological viewing are related to unconscious process, which viewing are related to unconscious process, which have its origin in the collective archaic layer of the have its origin in the collective archaic layer of the language conciseness. language conciseness.