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8/13/2019 Mether Stndrd
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1 2003, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.
OPT-20458017_05_2003_c2
Metro Ethernet Standards
Lim Wong
APAC Consulting Team
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222 2003, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.
OPT-20458017_05_2003_c2
Metro Ethernet Standard Bodies
Metro Ethernet Forum
Service Definitions & Internetworking
IEEE
Physical Layer, OAM, Provider Bridges
IETF
MPLS, VPLS, Traffic Engineering
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3 2003, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.
OPT-20458017_05_2003_c2
IEEE 802.3ah Updates
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444 2003, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.
OPT-20458017_05_2003_c2
IEEE 802.3ah projects
Copper
Line coding for EoVDSL
EPON
New protocol to extend MAC functionality for point tomultipoint (or PON) topology
Concerns about cost, security
OAM
For remote subscriber management, OAM in frames vsOAM in preamble. OAM for 10GBASE- links
OpticsDefining and standardizing specs for extended temp.
operation 40 to +85 Celsius case temp.
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555 2003, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.
OPT-20458017_05_2003_c2
IEEE 802.3ah Physical layer Specifications
10PASS-TS
Symmetrical min 10 Mbps
Point-to-point topology
>= 750 m on voice grade copper cable
DMT line code chosenSupports PSTN in baseband
2BASE-TL
Symmetrical min 2Mbps
Point-to-point topology
>=2700 m on voice grade copper cable
Higher speed with bonding
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666 2003, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.
OPT-20458017_05_2003_c2
IEEE 802.3ah Physical Layer Specifications cont.
100BASE-LX10/BX10 & 1000BASE-LX10/BX10
Up to 10 km over SMF
Point-to-point topology
1000BASE-PX10/20 (PON)
Point-to-Multipoint topology
Up to 10 or 20 km with 1:16 splits on SMF
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777 2003, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.
OPT-20458017_05_2003_c2
IEEE 802.3ah Ethernet in the First Mile
Central OfficeCentral OfficeCentral OfficeCentral Office
Ethernet Standard for the First Mile Access Network
EFM Copper for the last 750 to 2700 meters
10 Megabit and 2 Megabit Ethernet over local loop copper
Hybrid deployment with EFM fiber supports a flexible variety ofaccess network topologies (greenfield and legacy)
P2P EFM Fiber 1000 or 100 Mbps
Cat 3Cat 3
P2MP EPON 32 Mbps per ONU
EFM Copper 10Mbps
EFM Copper 10Mbps
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888 2003, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.
OPT-20458017_05_2003_c2
IEEE 802.3ah - OAM Objectives
OAM provides mechanisms to:
Monitor link operation and health
Improve fault isolation
Method: OAM data conveyed in basic (untagged)802.3 Slow Protocol frames
Sent between two ends of a single link
Slow Protocols will allow S/W implementation Fills major requirement to reduce EFM OpEx
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999 2003, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.
OPT-20458017_05_2003_c2
IEEE 802.3ah - OAM Non-objectives
Does not provide capabilities for:
Station management
Protection switching
ProvisioningNo SET funct ion s
Bandwidth allocation
Speed/duplex negotiation
End-to-end OAM communication
802.3 scop e restr icted to sing le links
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101010 2003, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.
OPT-20458017_05_2003_c2
IEEE 802.3ah - OAM Forwarding
Can only traverse a single link
Not forwarded by bridges
Communication beyond a single link left tohigher layers
OAMPDUs
OAMPDUs
OAMPDUs
Source: Kevin Daines, Editor EFM-OAM Sub Task Force
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111111 2003, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.
OPT-20458017_05_2003_c2
Link FaultSignal remote device that receive path is broken
Sent only once per second in Information OAMPDU
Dying Gasp
Signal remote device that unrecoverable local fault (e.g.power failure) has occurred
May be sent immediately/continuously
Critical Event
An unspecified critical event has occurred
May be sent immediately/continuously
OAM Critical Link Events
New as of D2.1
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121212 2003, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.
OPT-20458017_05_2003_c2
Hub & Spoke Architecture With redundancy
Metro
Ethernet
BackupVC
PrimaryVC
PrimaryLink
BackupLink
BackupCircuit
PrimaryLink
PrimaryData
Centre
BackupData
Centre
Dynamic Routing OAM
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131313 2003, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.
OPT-20458017_05_2003_c2
OAM Remote Loopback
Local DTE sends arbitrarydata frames
Remote DTE returns dataframes
Frame BER equals bit BERto high probability when bitBER is better than 106
PMD
PMA
PCS
MEDIUM
GMII
MDI
RS
MAC
MAC CTRL
Client
PMD
PMA
PCS
MEDIUM
GMII
MDI
RS
MAC
MAC CTRL
Client
Tx Rx Tx Rx
Local DTE Remote DTE
Can be implemented in H/W or S/W
LLCLLC
OAMOAMOAMOAM
Source: Kevin Daines, Editor EFM-OAM Sub Task Force
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141414 2003, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.
OPT-20458017_05_2003_c2
OAM Discovery
Allows local DTE to detect OAM on remote DTE
Once OAM support is detected, both ends of thelink exchange state and configurationinformation
e.g. mode, PDU size, loopback support
If both DTEs are satisfied with settings, OAM isenabled on link
Loss of link and non-reception of PDUs for 5seconds are causes of Discovery re-starting
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151515 2003, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.
OPT-20458017_05_2003_c2
Ethernet Ping
Verifies all aspects of anEthernet service, end-to-end
Verifies valid packet sizes
Ethernet Ping Enables Rapid Traffic Verificationand Problem Isolation
Measures round-trip delay Uses 802.3ah OAM in band
IP/MPLS CORE
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16 2003, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.
OPT-20458017_05_2003_c2
IEEE 802.1ad Updates
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171717 2003, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.
OPT-20458017_05_2003_c2
Firm Directions
Double Tag Format
New Well Known MAC Addresses
Layer Control Protocol Handling
Complex UNI
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181818 2003, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.
OPT-20458017_05_2003_c2
New Tag EtherType
FCS
Data
IEEE 802.1Q Tag
Length/Type
IEEE 802.1Q Tag
Length/Type
Source Address
Destination Address
MAC FrameMAC Frame
CC--TagTag
SS--TagTag
0x81000x8100
TBDTBD
SS--Tag stands for ServiceTag stands for Service
Tag (formerly PTag (formerly P--Tag forTag for
Provider Tag)Provider Tag)
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191919 2003, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.
OPT-20458017_05_2003_c2
Provider Well Known MAC Addresses
Originally thought was 33 new addresses
Agree now that Provider Well Known
Addresses will be in the existing BPDUblock, 01:80:C2:00:00:xx
Result is that Provider Layer 2 ControlProtocols can not tunnel through a
Subscribers bridged network
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202020 2003, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.
OPT-20458017_05_2003_c2
Well Known Address Notes
General Agreements802.3X (Pause Frames) and Slow Protocols
(EFM, Link Aggregation) will not be tunneled
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212121 2003, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.
OPT-20458017_05_2003_c2
Model for Edge Bridge
Model to explain allowed behavior
Implementation must match modelbehavior not model structure
Constrains some features relative to MEF
Enables new features relative to MEF
Details still to be worked out, e.g., dealingwith .1p bits in C-Tag
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222222 2003, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.
OPT-20458017_05_2003_c2
Model of Single Service UNI
Provider
Bridge
Provider
trunk
UNIUNIIdentified by SIdentified by S--TagTag
SubscriberSubscriber
MENMEN
Classical QinQClassical QinQ
Subscriber Layer 2 Control protocols can beSubscriber Layer 2 Control protocols can be
tunneled as datatunneled as data
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232323 2003, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.
OPT-20458017_05_2003_c2
Model of Multiple Service UNI
Provider
Bridge
4UNIs
Provider
trunk
.1Q Bridge
All ports are normal(2 untagged
port pairs)
UNIUNIIdentified by SIdentified by S--TagsTags
BundlingBundling
TranslationTranslation
SubscriberSubscriber
MENMEN
Layer 2 Control Protocols from SubscriberLayer 2 Control Protocols from Subscriber
Processed by .1Q BridgeProcessed by .1Q Bridge
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242424 2003, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.
OPT-20458017_05_2003_c2
Notes on Multiple Service UNI
No Layer 2 Control Protocol tunneling
MEN participates in Layer 2 ControlProtocols, e.g., Subscribers SpanningTree Protocol
Robust way to prevent loops when CE is abridge
Probably need to discard in .1Q Bridge toprevent participation
Links between Provider Bridge and .1QBridge will be virtual in an implementation
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25 2003, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.
OPT-20458017_05_2003_c2
Metro Ethernet Services
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262626 2003, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.
OPT-20458017_05_2003_c2
Ethernet Relay Service (ERS)
Logical Port to Logical Port
Analogous to Frame Relay Service
Well Defined Service Model
B
A
C
Frame Relay Service Ethernet Relay Service
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272727 2003, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.
OPT-20458017_05_2003_c2
E1
E1
E1
E3
E3
E3
Typical Enterprise Network Architecture
Internet
Frame Relay
Backbone
ATM
Backbone
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282828 2003, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.
OPT-20458017_05_2003_c2
Internet
Ethernet Relay Service
Metro
Ethernet
Vlan#1
00
Vlan#105
Vlan#106
Vlan#103
Vlan#104
Vlan#102
Vlan#
101
802.1qTru
nak
Vlan#
107
Vlan#110
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292929 2003, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.
OPT-20458017_05_2003_c2
CPE Considerations - ERS and L2 Switches
ERS is a VLAN serviceopaque to L2 PDUs
L2 CPE must use VLAN IDsdetermined by SP
STP loops cannot be
detected in the presence ofBackdoors
A Backdoor could be aservice from another SP
In a loop-free scenario:
STP domain partitioned, oneroot on each side
VTP advertisements will not
flow end-to-end
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303030 2003, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.
OPT-20458017_05_2003_c2
CPE Considerations ERS Valid Combinations
ERS is mainly intendedfor L3 CPEs or any otherscenarios where L2 PDUtransparency is not
required SP should protect the
UNI against un-expectedL2 PDUs
L2 CPE to L3 CPE is
another validcombination
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313131 2003, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.
OPT-20458017_05_2003_c2
Ethernet Wire Service (EWS)
Defines a point-to-point, port-based service
No service multiplexing all-to-one Bundling
Transparent to customer BPDUs
Routers and switches can safely connect
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323232 2003, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.
OPT-20458017_05_2003_c2
Ethernet Wire Service Example
SP 1
POP
SP 1
POP
SP 1Data Centre
MetroEthernet
SP 2
CPE C id ti
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333333 2003, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.
OPT-20458017_05_2003_c2
CPE ConsiderationsEWS Valid Combinations
EWS is a portbased servicewith L2 PDUtransparency
External loops canbe detected by theend devices
Both L2 and L3CPEs can beconnected to anEWS UNI
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343434 2003, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.
OPT-20458017_05_2003_c2
Ethernet Multipoint Service (EMS)
Multipoint service where all devices are direct peers
No service multiplexingall VLANs are presented to allsites (all-to-one bundling)
Transparent to customer BPDUs Routers and switches can safely connect
Multicast Scaling Issues
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353535 2003, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.
OPT-20458017_05_2003_c2
Ethernet Multipoint Service Example
Campus
C
Campus
D
MetroEthernet
Campus
A
Campus
B
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363636 2003, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.
OPT-20458017_05_2003_c2
Ethernet Relay Multipoint Service (ERMS)
Both P2P and MP2MP Services can coexist on thesame UNI
Service multiplexed UNI (e.g. 802.1Q trunk) Opaque to customer PDUs (e.g. BPDUs)
Routers can safely connect to an ERMS UNI
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373737 2003, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.
OPT-20458017_05_2003_c2
L3 VPN Service
L3 MPLS VPN ServiceScalable Any-to-Any connectivityInternet & Intranet
Managed & Unmanaged Service
CE
CE
CE
CE
CE
PE
PE
PE
PE
PE
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383838 2003, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.
OPT-20458017_05_2003_c2
L3 VPN Applications
MPLS VPN
VPN A
VPN B
VPN C
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39 2003, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.
OPT-20458017_05_2003_c2
MPLS Services
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404040 2003, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.
OPT-20458017_05_2003_c2
Internet
Metro Ethernet Architecture
Vlan#110
Vlan#105
Vlan#104
802.1qTru
nak
Vlan#
107
Vlan#1
00
Vlan#106
Vlan#103
Vlan#102
Vlan#
101
Metro
Ethernet
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414141 2003, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.
OPT-20458017_05_2003_c2
Switch based Metro Ethernet Network
Pros
Relatively inexpensive
Simple, easy to build Cons
4K VLAN ID limitation
Scaling issue Spanning tree
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424242 2003, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.
OPT-20458017_05_2003_c2
Scaling the Network MPLS
L2 Domain
L2 Domain
L2 Domain
L2 Domain
MPLS
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MPLS as a Foundation for Value
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444444 2003, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.
OPT-20458017_05_2003_c2
MPLS as a Foundation for ValueAdded Services
MPLS/
VPN
Multi-Protocol Label Switching
Traffic
Engineering
Fast
Re-route
Network Infrastructure
VPLSEthernet
Over MPLS
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454545 2003, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.
OPT-20458017_05_2003_c2
MPLS Components
Provider
Edge
Router
Label
Switch
Router
Label
Switch
Router
Provider
Edge
RouterMPLS
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464646 2003, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.
OPT-20458017_05_2003_c2
EoMPLS - Draft-martini
The basic idea is to tunnel L2 packetsthrough the MPLS cloud using an LSP
tunnelA Layer 2 circuit is allocated a label and
LDP is used to distribute the label-circuitmapping.
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474747 2003, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.
OPT-20458017_05_2003_c2
MPLS
Ethernet Over MPLS (EoMPLS)
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484848 2003, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.
OPT-20458017_05_2003_c2
MPLS
Ethernet Over MPLS (EoMPLS)
L2Domain
L2Domain
L2Domain
L2
DomainVLAN#100
VLAN#100
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494949 2003, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.
OPT-20458017_05_2003_c2
What is VPLS?
A Virtual Private LAN Services (VPLS) is amultipoint Layer 2 VPN that connects two ormore customer devices using Ethernet bridging
techniques VPLS is an ARCHITECTURE defined within IETF
A VPLS emulates an Ethernet Switch with eachEMS being analogous to a VLAN
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505050 2003, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.
OPT-20458017_05_2003_c2
MPLS
VPLS
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515151 2003, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.
OPT-20458017_05_2003_c2
How VPLS works
A VPLS essentially emulates an Ethernetswitch from a users perspective
All connections are peers within the VPLS andhave direct communications
The architecture is actually that of a distributed
switch A VPLS forwards frames based upon bridging
techniques
Self learns Source MAC to Port Associations
Floods unknown destination addresses, broadcastand multicast packets
A VPLS does not run Spanning tree
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525252 2003, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.
OPT-20458017_05_2003_c2
VPLS
Emulated VC
(pseudowire)
VPLS runs on the PE-POPs and acts as anoverlay on the MPLS Core providing MultipointCapabilities
CE
CE
VFIVFI
PE-POP PE-POP
VFIVFI
Virtual
ForwardingInstance
VFIVFI
VFIVFI
VFIPE-POP
MPLS
Attachment VC
Tunnel VC connects PE-POPs together
PE-CLEPE-CLE
CE
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535353 2003, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.
OPT-20458017_05_2003_c2
MPLS Traffic Engineering
Congested Path
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545454 2003, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.
OPT-20458017_05_2003_c2
MPLS VPNMPLS VPN
VPN A
VPN B
VPN C
VPN A VPN BVPN C
VPN A
VPN BVPN BVPN CVPN C
VPN AVPN A
VPN CVPN C
VPN BVPN B
MPLS-Based VPNs
Network privacy
Network-based (subnets)
IP and VPN-aware
groups users and services
Overlay VPN
Frame Relay/VC privacy
VC-based
Frame Relay/ATM aware
groups endpoints
extranet
intranet
MPLS VPN Benefits
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555555 2003, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.
OPT-20458017_05_2003_c2
MPLS-VPN Benefits
Any-to-Any connectivity
Interworks with legacy infrastructure
Overlapping IP address space
No VLAN ID coordination
QoS
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565656 2003, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.
OPT-20458017_05_2003_c2