Descriptive Research
Descriptive ResearchDescriptive ResearchWidely used research
design;Its common means of obtaining information include the use of
the questionnaire, personal interviews with the aid of study guide
or interview schedule, and observation, either participatory or
not.Includes studies that purport to present facts concerning the
nature and status of anything.Fact-finding with adequate
interpretation NatureDesigned for the investigator to gather
information about present existing conditionsInvolves collection of
data in order to test the hypothesis or to answer questions
concerning the current status of the subject of the
study.Determines and reports the way things are. It has no control
over what is, and it can only measure what already exist. AimsTo
describe the nature of a situation as it exists at the time of the
study and to explore the causes of a particular phenomena.To tell
what exists or what is about a certain educational phenomenon.To
reveal problems or abnormal conditionsTo contribute in the
establishment of standard norms of conduct, behaviour, or
performance.To give better and deeper understanding of phenomenon
on the basis of an in-depth study of the phenomenon.To provide
basis for decision-making.Descriptive Research makes some type of
comparison-contrasts and correlation, and sometimes, in carefully
planned and orchestrated descriptive researches, cause-effect
relationships may be established to some extent.6 MethodsIdentify
the problemReview literatureSelect participants and
instrumentsCollect valid and reliable dataAnalyze dataReport
conclusions Common ErrorsLack of participant response low response
rates are common; difficulties interpreting the findings without
the data representing non-respondents viewsUnclear/ambiguous items
researcher needs to develop recording forms that collect the data
objectively and reliably. Classification (How data is
gathered)Self-report individuals respond to statements or questions
about themselves;Observation data is collected by the researcher
watching the participantsTypesDescriptive- Normative Survey- The
term normative is sometimes used because surveys are frequently
made to ascertain the normal or typical condition, or practice, or
to compare local test result with a state or national
norm.Descriptive- Educational-Survey Research Studies- this type of
study looks into the teaching-learning process, the child-teacher,
the learner and the environment, the attitudes, habits and other
characteristics of the learner, the techniques and the methods, the
building equipment and materials used. etc which all pertain to
education. The goal is of this study is to have a total improvement
of the educational system for the maximum development of the
individual learner.TypesDescriptive- Psychological Research
Studies- This study pertains to the behaviour of individuals in
different situations.Descriptive- Social Survey- The purpose of
this study is to change for the better existing practices of groups
living a community. It is concerned with the formulation of
constructive programs of social reform and amelioration. A current
social problem is existing in a particular place, and the aim is to
diagnose the root causes of the ills, utilizing the research
approach. ImportanceFor scientific basis of judgement. This means
that descriptive research provides information which could be used
as basis for important decisions that are to be made.For a closer
look into happenings, behaviour, practice, methods and
procedures.Descriptive researchprovides essential facts and
understanding about the nature of anything. For the formation of
construction of test analysis of these standardization of tools
instruments used in research. MethodologyUsed as middle heading
title of descriptive design.Includes:Research DesignDetermination
of Sample Size (if sample survey)Sampling design and techniques (if
sample survey)The subjects (or respondents)The research
instrumentData gathering procedureData processing method; and
Statistical treatment 2 Kinds of Sampling DesignsScientific
Sampling - More preferred because in this method, everyone is given
an equal chance of being included as a sample.Non-Scientific
Sampling
6 Types of Scientific Sampling TechniquesRestricted Random
SamplingUnrestricted Random SamplingStratified Random
SamplingSystematic SamplingMulti-stage SamplingCluster Sampling
