Methodology and practice Methodology and practice

in the Cserehat Region in Hungaryin the Cserehat Region in Hungary

Marta Marczis, 2009Marta Marczis, 2009

Capacity development for Area basedCapacity development for Area based

New phenomenon in the European Union: New phenomenon in the European Union: Increasing area based disadvantage and extreme povertyIncreasing area based disadvantage and extreme poverty

high number of small, less-integrated local communities, because of high number of small, less-integrated local communities, because of geographical feature of the area which is not favorable for traditional geographical feature of the area which is not favorable for traditional mainstream agricultural productionmainstream agricultural production

the local urban center is far or weak because of different reasons (like political the local urban center is far or weak because of different reasons (like political decisions, local economic crises, or because ofdecisions, local economic crises, or because of

isolated (within mountains) or peripheral geographic location (national or isolated (within mountains) or peripheral geographic location (national or county border region) which is not prosperous for mainstream investmentcounty border region) which is not prosperous for mainstream investment

high and growing number of disadvantaged communities ( like Roma in the high and growing number of disadvantaged communities ( like Roma in the Cserehat region)Cserehat region)

lost self-confidence and trust in lost self-confidence and trust in future perspectivesfuture perspectives

low ambition, inactivity, depressionlow ambition, inactivity, depression lost “local knowledge” and “life-lost “local knowledge” and “life-

management” skills management” skills low qualifications and working skillslow qualifications and working skills aid dependency aid dependency growing feeling of exclusion and growing feeling of exclusion and

discriminationdiscrimination increasing health and family-increasing health and family-

problems (including problems with problems (including problems with drug and alcohol)drug and alcohol)

human capacity for local human capacity for local development is lacking, while development is lacking, while exclusion and discrimination is exclusion and discrimination is growing, which causes lack of growing, which causes lack of absorption confers serious social absorption confers serious social and economic problems and economic problems

infrastructural and institutional infrastructural and institutional coverage is weakcoverage is weak

lack of serviceslack of services limited information accesslimited information access exquisitely high unemploymentexquisitely high unemployment weak “voice”weak “voice” widespread practice of usury and widespread practice of usury and

increasing criminalityincreasing criminality

Territorial consequencesTerritorial consequencesConsequences for Consequences for individualsindividuals

1 million people, 10 % of the people are living in disadvantaged areas in 1 million people, 10 % of the people are living in disadvantaged areas in Hungary.Hungary.

demography demography remoteness remoteness education education labour marketlabour marketwhich problems „interact and generate ‘vicious circles’, which reproducewhich problems „interact and generate ‘vicious circles’, which reproduceand amplify the phenomenon of poverty”(1)and amplify the phenomenon of poverty”(1)..

And some other aspect generating the “vicious circles”:And some other aspect generating the “vicious circles”: devaluation of the “peripheries” in policies, development strategies and devaluation of the “peripheries” in policies, development strategies and

decision making practices decision making practices depreciation of the puzzle of “small scale” social-economic development depreciation of the puzzle of “small scale” social-economic development

and its sustainabilityand its sustainability and discrimination of poor not in the formal legislative and institutional and discrimination of poor not in the formal legislative and institutional

systems, but in attitudes systems, but in attitudes

(1) Study on Poverty and Social Exclusion in Rural Areas”, commissioned by Employment, Social Affairs and Equal (1) Study on Poverty and Social Exclusion in Rural Areas”, commissioned by Employment, Social Affairs and Equal Opportunities DG - Paola Bertolini, Marco Montanari and Vito Peragine, Fondazione G. Brodolini (2008)Opportunities DG - Paola Bertolini, Marco Montanari and Vito Peragine, Fondazione G. Brodolini (2008)

The main and specific feature of poverty and social The main and specific feature of poverty and social exclusion from a top down perspectiveexclusion from a top down perspective

GDP per head (national average = 100) – NUTS 3 LEVEL2004

[1] „Study on Poverty and Social Exclusion in Rural Areas”, commissioned by Employment, Social Affairs and Equal „Study on Poverty and Social Exclusion in Rural Areas”, commissioned by Employment, Social Affairs and Equal

Opportunities DG - Paola Bertolini, Marco Montanari and Vito Peragine, Fondazione G. Brodolini (2008)Opportunities DG - Paola Bertolini, Marco Montanari and Vito Peragine, Fondazione G. Brodolini (2008)

Predominantly Rural (PR) – more than 50% of inhabitants live in rural areasPredominantly Rural (PR) – more than 50% of inhabitants live in rural areas Intermediate (IR) – 15-50% of inhabitants live in rural areasIntermediate (IR) – 15-50% of inhabitants live in rural areas Predominantly Urban (PU), which also present significant elements of rurality – Predominantly Urban (PU), which also present significant elements of rurality –

under 15% of inhabitants live in rural areasunder 15% of inhabitants live in rural areas

The most disadvantaged micro-regions in HungaryThe most disadvantaged micro-regions in Hungary

Lengyeltóti Tamási

Mátészalkai

Baktalórántházai FehérgyarmatiSzerencsi

Bodrogközi

Abaúj HegyköziEdelényi

Encsi

Sellyei

Szigetvári

Kadarkúti

Sásdi

Bácsalmási

Jánoshalmai

ÓzdiSárospataki

Kisteleki

Hevesi

Bátonyterenyei

Barcsi

Csurgói

Csengeri

Nyírbátori

Tiszafüredi

SzikszóiVásárosnaményi

Sarkadi

Mezőkovácsházai

Berettyóújfalui

Mezőcsáti

Tokaji

33 micro-regions where 10% of the people live 33 micro-regions where 10% of the people live

A region left behind:A region left behind: The CserehatThe Cserehat

located least developed part of the Hungary, one of the poorest regions of the located least developed part of the Hungary, one of the poorest regions of the expanded European Unionexpanded European Union

typical “hilly” rural area with “diverse” geographical surface, located in typical “hilly” rural area with “diverse” geographical surface, located in “peripheral” situation in North-Eastern Hungary, on the border to Slovakia “peripheral” situation in North-Eastern Hungary, on the border to Slovakia

100 thousand inhabitants live in 6 small and underdeveloped towns and more 100 thousand inhabitants live in 6 small and underdeveloped towns and more than hundred tiny villages than hundred tiny villages

the social and physical infrastructure is poor, most of communities are distant the social and physical infrastructure is poor, most of communities are distant from urban services and industrial, financial, commercial centers from urban services and industrial, financial, commercial centers

similarly to the correlation of poverty and exclusion with higher birth rates similarly to the correlation of poverty and exclusion with higher birth rates worldwide, the population ratio of the 14-18 years-olds in the Cserehat exceeds worldwide, the population ratio of the 14-18 years-olds in the Cserehat exceeds 80%80%

Micro regions of Borsod-Abauj-Zemplen countyMicro regions of Borsod-Abauj-Zemplen county

PopulationPopulation

Micro regionMicro region TownsTowns VillagesVillages PopulationPopulation

Abauj-Abauj-HegykozHegykoz 22 2222 15 44815 448

EdelenyEdeleny 22 4545 37 05537 055

EncsEncs 11 3535 24 70124 701

SzikszoSzikszo 11 2222 19 38219 382

CserehatCserehat 66 124124 96 58696 586

((20082008))

RomaRoma

HungaryHungary 22 % %

North-HungaryNorth-Hungary 5,45,4 % %

Borsod-Abauj-ZemplenBorsod-Abauj-Zemplencountycounty 6,16,1 % %

CserehatCserehat 15,815,8 % %

RomaRoma inin thetheCserehat regionCserehat region

Number ofNumber ofCommunitiesCommunities

< < 6 %6 % 3131

66 -- 11,9 %11,9 % 1212

1212 -- 19,9 %19,9 % 1818

2020 -- 29,9 %29,9 % 1414

3030 -- 41,9 %41,9 % 1010

> > 42 %42 % 1313

TotalTotal 98/12498/124

UnemploymentUnemployment

Micro Micro regionregion

Unemployment Unemployment raterate

Number of Number of unemployment unemployment

peoplepeople

Number of Number of employed employed

peoplepeople

Inactive Inactive peoplepeople

Employment Employment raterate

Activity Activity raterate

Abauj-Abauj-HegykozHegykoz 25.31 %25.31 % 11 294294 33 818818 55 352352 36.5%36.5% 48.9%48.9%

EdelenyEdeleny 20.4 %20.4 % 22 377377 99 276276 1313 963963 36.2%36.2% 45.5%45.5%

EncsEncs 26.25 %26.25 % 22 016016 55 664664 99 211211 33.5%33.5% 45.5%45.5%

SzikszoSzikszo 22.4 %22.4 % 11 410410 44 884884 77 328328 35.9%35.9% 46.2%46.2%

National National averageaverage 7.81 % 7.81 % 328 603 328 603 3 879 949 3 879 949 3 501 481 3 501 481 50.3% 50.3% 54.6% 54.6%

((20082008))

The Cserehat ProgrammeThe Cserehat Programme

Launched in November 2005 by the Launched in November 2005 by the MinisitryMinisitry of Social Affairs and Labour (SZMM) of Social Affairs and Labour (SZMM)

of Hungary and the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP), theof Hungary and the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP), the

programme aimed to programme aimed to reduce the region’s geographic disadvantages by building new capacities area reduce the region’s geographic disadvantages by building new capacities area

based and based and

support the region on a complex way for progress support the region on a complex way for progress that links sustainable economic that links sustainable economic development, protection of the environment and social justice development, protection of the environment and social justice

promote equal opportunities to those who live in the poorest areas so that they promote equal opportunities to those who live in the poorest areas so that they can improve their own lives with the assistance of development funds. can improve their own lives with the assistance of development funds.

enhance people’s self-confidence, trust, motivation, knowledge and skills for enhance people’s self-confidence, trust, motivation, knowledge and skills for changing their attitude, increasing their competiveness and advancing them to changing their attitude, increasing their competiveness and advancing them to utilize the local potential and improve the accessibility of the region for breaking utilize the local potential and improve the accessibility of the region for breaking out of the cycle of poverty and social exclusion. out of the cycle of poverty and social exclusion.

Keywords of the area based development modelKeywords of the area based development modelprogrammeprogramme

complex answer to specific needs of any geographical areacomplex answer to specific needs of any geographical area the local community is not target but an actor of development on local levelthe local community is not target but an actor of development on local level built on endogenous resources (nature, people, local knowledge, economy andbuilt on endogenous resources (nature, people, local knowledge, economy and organization) and innovation organization) and innovation investment in communities and provide financial resources at the same timeinvestment in communities and provide financial resources at the same time both top-down and bottom-up in character both top-down and bottom-up in character

Area based capacity developmentArea based capacity development

Programme approaches and pillarsProgramme approaches and pillars

Territorial – Partnership – Bottom up – Integrated – Participation – ProcessTerritorial – Partnership – Bottom up – Integrated – Participation – Process

orientedoriented

CoachingCoaching ‘‘Learning by doing’ – financing and mentoring micro-projectsLearning by doing’ – financing and mentoring micro-projects The Development Resource Centre The Development Resource Centre Increasing the adsorption capacity area based – generating, financing and Increasing the adsorption capacity area based – generating, financing and

implementing development projectsimplementing development projects Crating future action planCrating future action plan Providing model to other regions and programmes Providing model to other regions and programmes Across bordersAcross borders

Coaching for Coaching for launching social innovationslaunching social innovations

10 micro-areas/ 10 coaches10 micro-areas/ 10 coaches Working together with local actors for 2 years Working together with local actors for 2 years and by the end of the period,and by the end of the period,

localslocals will be capable of taking independent local initiatives will be capable of taking independent local initiatives Animation; building confidence and self-confidenceAnimation; building confidence and self-confidence Community mobilization for cCommunity mobilization for creating motivation and reating motivation and ccommitment towards ommitment towards

ddevelopmentevelopment Providing models and develop management capacity and organizationProviding models and develop management capacity and organization Building organizational capacity, partnerships and networks (mapping partners Building organizational capacity, partnerships and networks (mapping partners

and development ideas)and development ideas) Transferring development knowledge and informationTransferring development knowledge and information Ensuring equal opportunitiesEnsuring equal opportunities Mentoring Mentoring andand training for empowering local development actorstraining for empowering local development actors Generating projects and action planGenerating projects and action plan

Process of the local animationProcess of the local animation

Mentorship and

training

Develop

partnership

and

organization

Generating

projects

Action Plan;

Building internal

and external

networks and

cooperation

Mobilization

Access and

providing

information,

mapping partners Local community

COACH

Communication

Micro-grant supportMicro-grant support

Learning planning and management in actionLearning planning and management in action

Easy application requirements provides equal opportunity to non-experienced Easy application requirements provides equal opportunity to non-experienced

partnerspartners

Inclusion of the most disadvantaged groups, communities (supported by Inclusion of the most disadvantaged groups, communities (supported by

coaches, RCSD, Programme Office)coaches, RCSD, Programme Office)

Identification of development partners, development of local partnerships Identification of development partners, development of local partnerships

through concrete local actionsthrough concrete local actions

Starting point of thinking about future development projects (growing projects)Starting point of thinking about future development projects (growing projects)

Small –scale development widens participation and promotes socio-economic Small –scale development widens participation and promotes socio-economic

integration integration

60,000 beneficiaries; 1,340 local actors of which 930 are from the disadvantaged 60,000 beneficiaries; 1,340 local actors of which 930 are from the disadvantaged

groups; 116 active local leadersgroups; 116 active local leaders

Micro projects and resultsMicro projects and results

Micro-regionMicro-regionNumber ofNumber of

successful micro successful micro projectsprojects

New organization orNew organization orpartnership generated bypartnership generated by

the micro projectthe micro project

Connected to macroConnected to macroprojectproject

Lower Bodva ValleyLower Bodva Valley 1313 77 44

South Hernad ValleySouth Hernad Valley 99 -- 11

GalyasagGalyasag 55 55 55

Gergely MountainGergely Mountain 1212 77 66

KegyetlenKegyetlen 1010 1111 44

Central CserehatCentral Cserehat 1111 1111 33

Middle Hernad ValleyMiddle Hernad Valley 99 88 44

Szaraz ValleySzaraz Valley 88 22 77

TokörnyekeTokörnyeke 1111 2525 88

Torna BasinTorna Basin 1111 1717 99

TotalTotal 9999 9393 5151

Jobs generated by the micro projectsJobs generated by the micro projects

1046 jobs generated by the micro projects

22%

78%Direct (230)

Long-term (816)

New jobs generated by the micro projects

48%

52%

Roma people (497)

Non roma people (549)

Creating the necessary institution, Creating the necessary institution, organizational organizational and communication skillsand communication skills

Development Resource Centre, Development Resource Centre, aas institutional s institutional focal point offocal point of local local development (Existing local organization; 3 employees) development (Existing local organization; 3 employees)

Networking on local level for creation of cross sectorNetworking on local level for creation of cross sectoriial partnerships al partnerships IInformation networknformation network, consultancy, c, consultancy, coordinationoordination and fundraising and fundraising Communication strategy and channels: cCommunication strategy and channels: capacity to pass the model onto others apacity to pass the model onto others

LocalLocal

Facilitation and improvement of internal and external communication of the Facilitation and improvement of internal and external communication of the regionregion

Advisory contribution and Technical assistance Advisory contribution and Technical assistance

Development PDevelopment Projects rojects and Action Plan and Action Plan drawn up with community participationdrawn up with community participation

Absorbed EU funds and UNDP contribution Absorbed EU funds and UNDP contribution to the macro-projectsto the macro-projects

Partnership model for development area basedPartnership model for development area based

The LHH ProgrammeThe LHH Programme

Complex area based programme Complex area based programme for development of the 33 most disadvantages micro-regions in Hungaryfor development of the 33 most disadvantages micro-regions in Hungary

Cross-border cooperationCross-border cooperation

over political, professional and, geographical border linesover political, professional and, geographical border lines

Thank you! Thank you!

Cserehat Programme Implementation Unit, 1054 Budapest, Cserehat Programme Implementation Unit, 1054 Budapest, Hold utca 1.Hold utca 1.

E-mail: E-mail: marta.marczis@undp.org; ; Website: Website: www.cserehat.hu