Methodology for the construction of community protocols · Methodology for the construction of community protocols This booklet focuses on describing the methodology of the second

Methodology for the construction

of community protocols

This booklet focuses on describing the methodology of the second stage, that is, the proposal of an innovative model for a Local Sustainable Development Plan, taking the Community Protocol of Bailique as a case in point. The Methodology

has two main pillars: the first is focused on the organization of production chains of the sociobiodiversity of the region, and the second is the strengthening of

community organizations, thus promoting local empowerment. However, this is only a guide which is to be adapted and replicated in other Traditional Communities

according to their own situations.

For a better understanding of this process, and in order for it to take on a stronger character and continuity, reading of the previous

“Methodology for the Construction of Community Protocols” BOOKLET is recommended. it can be found at http://goo.gl/k7x8Qu

Local sustainable development

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Gomes, José Rubens Pereira / Ramos, Roberta Peixoto / Chaubet, Mariana Bouza Cabarcos. Methodology for the Construction of Community Protocols: Local Sustainable Development. OELA – Oficina Escola de Lutheria da Amazônia / GTA Network – Grupo de Trabalho Amazônico. Manaus, 2016.

52 p. il.

ISBN 978-85-92726-00-3

1. Communities; 2. Indigenous peoples and traditional communities; 3. Local development; 4. Community protocol; 5. Production chains; 6. Amazonia; 7. Bailique; 8. Sustainability. I. Title.

CDU: 334:061.2

JOSÉ RUBENS PEREIRA GOMESROBERTA PEIXOTO RAMOS

MARIANA BOUZA CABARCOS CHAUBET




1ST EDITION

MANAUSOELA2016

PROJECT TEAM General Coordinator Rubens Gomes Field Coordination Jéssica Larissa Freitas da Cruz

Mariana Bouza Cabarcos Chaubet Local Coordinator Geová de Oliveira Alves Consultant Roberta Peixoto Ramos Collaborators Rosângela Ferreira

Arlindo Cardoso Amiraldo Picanço

GTA Network Board

PRESIDENT Rubens Gomes Directors Joci Aguiar João Batista Uchôa

GTA NETWORK AMAPÁ Regional Coordination José Saraiva

Henrique Vasconcelos

Institutional Partners President of OELA Carlos Cesar Durigan Project Coordinator Katiussia Souza Finance Analyst Modesta Carvalho Press Office Geise Melo

Local PartnerAssociation of Traditional Communities of Bailique – ACTB

Community Support Group

Arraiol Community Dimauro Lopes, Daiana Lopes SÃO JOÃO BATISTA Community Pedro Mira, Raimundo Cordeiro Igarapé do Meio Community Elivany Rocha, Nilson Ferreira, Diogo Barbosa Buritizal Community Eliane Barbosa Franquinho Community Valdirene Mota Jaburu Grande Community Saara Chaves Macedonia Community Jussara Teixeira, Lidia Barbosa, Adriana Santana,

Guimar Sarges NOSSA SENHORA APARECIDA Community Erasmo Rocha Ponta da Esperança Community Elizete Pantoja PONTA DO CURUÁ Community Arlan Costa, Audilon dos Santos, Paulo Serrão,

Manoel Cledison VILA PROGRESSO Community Bismarck Santos, Neize Ferreira SÃO PEDRO DO BAILIQUE Community Alcindo Bajo Farias, Uellington Farias

Acknowledgements Ana Euler, Ana Maria Pereira, Antônio Luiz, Carlos Potiara, Flávia Scabin, Guilherme Alexandre Wiedman,

Igor Monteiro, João Bosco, João Matos, Jorge Alberto Vieira Costa, Luiz Carlos Joels, Patricia Calligioni de Mendonça, Paulo Santos, Thiago Cunha, Tiago Martins, Toninho Jahvali, Warwick Manfrinato

PUBLICATION GRAPHIC DESIGN Desformatados LAYOUT Luciana Sugino translation Philip Somervell

CONTENTS

1 INTRODUCTION 6

2 THINKING THE TERRITORY AS A WHOLE: REGIONAL DIAGNOSIS

10

3 DEVELOPMENT OF ACTIVITIES 16

4 STRENGTHENING OF COMMUNITY INSTITUTIONS 34

5 ANNEXES 42

PREFACE0

T his second booklet of the ‘Methodology for Community Proto-cols’ aims to challenge leaders, as well as suggest ways which can guide them through the corridors of power in search of

what is rightfully theirs. A lot of public policy is sitting in drawers, precisely due to the ineffec-

tiveness of the state in implementing them. Governments, in most cas-es, have no interest in putting them into practice. The gap caused by the failure to implement public policy has maintained many NGOs. Howev-er, for most Indigenous people and Traditional communities who lack the necessary information, accessing these public policies becomes a huge challenge.

SOCIAL JUSTICE The conditions for access to benefits and public policies on behalf of Indigenous people and Traditional communities depends, in most cases, exclusively on governments fulfilling their duties, and assuming the re-sponsibility of doing their homework.

For Indigenous people and Traditional communities to gain access to public policy and benefits which are theirs by right, the settlement manager must develop a Settlement Development Plan (PDA in Portu-guese). Without the PDA, the government “cannot” emit the Declaration of Aptitude of the National Program for the Strengthening of Family Farming - (DAP in Portuguese). Without the DAP the producer will not be eligible for access to due benefits or public policies.

How can social justice be guaranteed in this case, when the very government isn’t fulfilling its own responsibilities, keeping a huge num-ber of families of riverine extractivists and producers in the dark?

The Minimum Price Guarantee Policy is a right to be accessed by all producers working with products covered by the government food bas-ket. In the case of Bailique, producers work with acai berry. The market pays, on average, R$ 0.25 to R$ 0.45 per kilo of açaí, while the minimum

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price paid by the government is R$ 1.18 (Conab 2016). In order for the producer to receive that price difference, the submission of sales invoic-es and the PDA are required.

Development Model Why do public administrators always choose to maintain centuries-old models of production? What is the real purpose of perpetuating this model, which is extremely perverse towards a large population mass living in forests and waters, which are the Indigenous people and Tradi-tional communities?

The Indigenous people and Traditional communities are social groups that deal with, protect, and maintain ancestral knowledge, who deal with biodiversity in a highly sophisticated way, promoting its con-servation, and mainly in places where there is already wellbeing and quality of life. They produce their own housing, transportation, food, medicine, and cosmetics, including perfumes. As such they know how to extract the best of what nature offers them, without degrading it.

I have always asked myself: why has the basic education system still not become aware of this rich seam? How can a production model with a sustainable base be developed for the people of the forests and waters without a robust educational system befitting this reality?

This material doesn’t seek to answer those questions, but rather suggests elements for reflection on the part of community leaders, so-cial, environmental, and socio-environmental movements.

Rubens GomesPresident of GTA Network and Executive Director of OELA

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INTRODUCTION1

INTRODUCTION1

T he methodology for the construction of Community Protocols, developed by the Amazonian Working Group Network (Rede GTA) and the Amazonian Luthier School Workshop (OELA), is

composed of two main stages: the first is the construction of the com-munity protocol document, and the second is focused towards local sustainable development and strengthening of community institutions. It is worth mentioning that the second stage of the process is essential for the developed community protocol to be put into practice.

Specifically, this methodology has the following objectives:

1. institutional strengthening of community organisation

2. plan for local sustainable development

3. organization of local production chains – identified in the production diagnosis

4. technological development and innovation

5. Identification of new products, partners and markets

6. Prospection and access to structuring public policies

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This booklet focuses on describing the methodology of the second stage, that is, the proposal of an innovative model for a Local Sustain-able Development Plan, taking the Community Protocol of Bailique as a case in point. This is only a guide which is to be adapted and replicated in other Traditional Communities according to their own situations. For a better understanding of this process, and in order for it to take on a stronger character and continuity, reading of the previous ‘Methodology for the Construction of Community Protocols’ booklet is recommended. It can be found at http://goo.gl/k7x8Qu.

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THINKING THE TERRITORY AS A WHOLE: REGION DIAGNOSIS2

THINKING THE TERRITORY AS A WHOLE: REGIONAL DIAGNOSIS2

T he second stage of the Methodology for the Construction of Community Protocols has two main pillars: the first is focused on the organization and development of production chains of

the sociobiodiversity of the region, and the second is the strengthening of community organizations, thus promoting local empowerment.

To make the development of those pillars possible, an overview of the territory, with its challenges and opportunities, is necessary. One of the objectives of the community protocol is to strengthen the manage-ment of natural resources and territories, thus enabling the community to develop sustainably. The production and land diagnostics are carried out to this end, so as to have a more complete overview of the region.

Production DiagnosisThe Production Diagnosis has the objective of offering the communities involved with the Community Protocol the clear results of family produc-tion: what is produced, how it is produced, where the market is, who are the buyers, price charged, assessment of quality and quantity of products, the identification of production bottlenecks, the identification of areas in need of technical assistance, promotion, and credit, as well as prospecting new products, partners, markets, and structuring public policies.

The result of the Production Diagnosis allows for the building of a pos-itive agenda to improve, enhance, and implement good production prac-tices, professional training, and suitable management for the develop-ment of technology and innovation of new products of sociobiodiversity.

In the specific case of Bailique, açaí berries and fish were identified as items with economic potential in the region, and watermelon and maxixe as main products of the off season. The importance of oils, such as andiroba, were also identified. This diagnosis may also contribute to the organization of the Traditional Knowledge Working Group (TKWG), composed of community members, such as midwives, faith healers (benzedeiras), herb/root doctors (erveiras, raizeiras), masseurs/heal-

THINKING THE TERRITORY AS A WHOLE: REGIONAL DIAGNOSIS

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ers (puxadores), among others, through identification of plants, oils, and home remedies (focused on the treatment of local diseases), which are regarded by the study as economic potentials.

The methodology used for the elaboration of the diagnosis included the use of a semi-structured questionnaire (Annex 1) with family units belonging to 31 communities and 2 locations, in the case of Bailique. Due to field logistics, consultation of the communities of Vila Progresso, Macedônia, and Itamatatuba was made optional, due to their size and situation of being more similar to a small city, with services and infra-structure that sets them apart from other communities.

The work was carried out with the help of a community support team, composed of 10 young people from communities participating in the Community Protocol of Bailique. The team visited all the family units of all communities, and in order to facilitate data analysis, the units of pro-duction of determined products were converted to the more commonly used units of the region by local producers.

Land DiagnosisAnalysis of the land situation is recommended, whether there is an es-tablished and clear land conflict or not. It is essential that indigenous peoples and traditional communities have land security to maintain their sustainable way of life and that they have the right to access the benefits from public policies concerning them.

In the specific case of Bailique, the land diagnosis was the result of a demand of Bailique Community Protocol, identified during the first stage of the project, and stemming from the fact that the communities do not have the necessary land security to guarantee their traditional mode of survival. Thus the field team and the project support team visited all the communities belonging to the Community Protocol with questionnaires in order to identify the challenges presented by the territorial question in the region, and the problems in need of solving.

THINKING THE TERRITORY AS A WHOLE: REGIONAL DIAGNOSIS2

For Diagnosis of the Land Situation, 2 semi-structured questionnaires were prepared (Annexes 2 and 3) and were submitted to all family units of all communities involved in the Community Protocol.

The first consultation was carried out in the months of January and February 2015, in 33 of the 36 communities that today form the Commu-nity Protocol of Bailique. The demand arose from a meeting which took place on 19th September 2014, at the Attorney General’s office, in Macapá, mediated by the Prosecutor Dr. Thiago Cunha of the Federal Public Min-istry (MPF). The National Institute of Colonisation and Agrarian Reform (INCRA), the Superintendency of Heritage of the Union (SPU), the Institute of the Environment and Planning of the Territory of Amapá (IMAP), the GTA Network, and the Managing Committee of the Community Protocol of Bailique were invited to participate. The meeting was one of the first attempts to resolve problems identified with the archipelago’s land issues.

71% of families were consulted – a total of 652 families. They were all consulted about the current settlements in Bailique, with a view to finding out what model of land regularisation communities would like to follow and which institution should manage the settlements.

The second consultation was carried out due to a request from the Federal Public Ministry (MPF) and had the aim of understanding the sit-uation of the Bailique settlements. There were several subsequent gov-ernment team meetings for clarification and relaying of information to community families, similar to those recommended by the Community Protocol of Bailique.

A meeting took place on the 27th February 2015 with the presence of the GTA Network, Managing Committee of the Community Protocol of Bailique, INCRA, SPU, and the Community Council of Bailique. On the occasion, INCRA provided a Beneficiary Registration (BR) and the lists of those registered from the Bailique settlements. As such, this data corresponds to the BR list of February 2015.

For this consultation 1454 people in 34 communities and 2 loca-tions on the archipelago of Bailique were interviewed. The people in-

THINKING THE TERRITORY AS A WHOLE: REGIONAL DIAGNOSIS

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terviewed form part of the 6 settlements created in the region. These are: Agroextractivist Settlement Project of Brigue Island, Agroextractivist Settlement Project of Curuá Island, Agroextractivist Settlement Project of Franco Island, Agroextractivist Settlement Project of Marinheiro Is-land – all created in 2006 – and the Agroextractivist Settlement Project of Terra Grande, and Agroextractivist Settlement Project of Faustino Is-land. These last two settlements, created in 2014, were still at the stage of registering beneficiaries, thus none had yet received the credits from the agrarian reform.

This diagnosis was presented to the MPF, which, having analysed it, emitted recommendation number 19/2015 so that agencies involved in the land issue could work in partnership to try to solve the issue of Bailique, as soon as possible.

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3 DEVELOPMENT OF ACTIVITIES

DEVELOPMENT OF ACTIVITIES3

A s with the first stage of the project described in the previous booklet, the General Meetings (Encontrões) are meetings in which all community members discuss subjects related to the

construction of their Community Protocol. General Meetings I and II took place in the first stage.

Assessment of the number of General Meetings to be organised in the second stage is dependent upon the needs of each community. De-scribed here are General Meetings III, IV, V, and VI which took place in Bailique during the process of the Local Sustainable Development plan and were organised according to local needs, reinforcing the fact that all demands emerged from the communities themselves. Thus the General Meetings are moments in which community members come into contact with the institutions responsible for demands they themselves have set.

These General Meetings were very important for the methodology to develop in a communal way in the region. Issues specific to Bailique were addressed, although many difficulties faced by Indigenous people and Traditional communities are similar. It is advisable that communities should assess whether the content of the General Meeting is really im-portant for their reality, as only then would they be able to establish es-sential demands. It is worth noting that the number of General Meetings is established by communities precisely according to their demands or bottlenecks identified throughout the process.

General Meeting III This General Meeting was focused on the organisation of local institu-tions, a feedback session of the land and production diagnoses with the community, and the start of the identification of community necessities and local productive vocations. To this end, the organization support-ing the process and the Management Committee of the Community Protocol (created in the 1st General Meeting) invited relevant public ad-ministrators to debate public policy concerning Indigenous people and

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Traditional communities, as well as potential project partners, identified throughout the process. General Meeting III was organised as follows:

COMMUNITY DISCUSSION AND DECISION ABOUT THE NEED FOR CHANGE IN THE STRUCTURE OF THE MANAGEMENT COMMITTEEAn organization with the format of the Management Committee has some limitations with respect to its activities. Thus the need for taking this discussion to the communities was identified, in order for them to decide what would be the best format for the Committee to adopt. It is essential that communities be informed of the possible formats of organization, the differences between them, and the accompanying obli-gations and responsibilities. The idea is that the community should have sufficient information to decide whether to keep the existing Committee model or whether to move towards a different model such as, for exam-ple, an association, cooperative, among others.

It is important to highlight that this discussion must take the form of an assembly, and, as such, guests who are external to the community (including the supporting organization) must not be present during the discussion and the vote, so as to avoid external influence.

Depending on the result of the vote, it is recommended that commu-nities evaluate the need to discuss an initial statute in order to strengthen the new organization. Considering the logistical difficulty of bringing to-gether various communities in one place it is always advisable to make the most of the time available, when all leaderships are present, to dis-cuss and define the greatest number of topics possible.

In the specific case of Bailique, a representative of the Business and Human Rights Centre of the Getúlio Vargas Foundation was invited, to explain the differences between the following modes of organisation into which the Management Committee could transform: Association, Coop-erative, or Social Enterprise.


Through an informed vote, community members decided for the creation of an association which was denominated as the Association of Traditional Communities of Bailique (ACTB) and the creation of 5 Workgroups (WG): Agroextractivism and Production WG, Land Issue WG, Youth WG, Environment WG, and Traditional Knowledge WG. These Workgroups follow the logic of needs identified by the communities, strengthened by the result of the production and land diagnoses.

With the help of the Business and Human Rights Centre, which was present at the meeting, the recently formed ACTB decided to create the first version of its statute, that was put to a vote on the second day of the General Meeting and was approved at the assembly.

FEEDBACK OF PRODUCTION AND LAND DIAGNOSESThis methodology has as its foundation the need for community partic-ipation in project activities and sharing of information. As such, during General Meeting III it is suggested that a project team present the results of the diagnosis.

It is recommended that banners with the main results be used for this presentation, so that communities can better visualise the diagnosis (avoid using presentations with projectors in traditional communities). In addition it is important that leaders receive a printed diagnosis to better understand the process and pass on the information to other commu-nity members.

In the case of Bailique, being a lowland region, the banners were printed on impermeable canvases which allowed for the information to circulate among the communities without being damaged. Both the pro-ductive as well as the land diagnosis mirrored Bailique’s real situation in terms of production chains and settlement conditions. With the bot-tlenecks pinpointed, the identification of a number of public policies the communities were failing to access were identified.

The production diagnosis formed the basis on which the communi-ties of Bailique defined the most important production chains in need of

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development in the region, as well as which of the institutions present at the General Meeting could help in the development of the chains in a sustainable way.

ROUNDTABLE: GROUP DISCUSSION FOR ESTABLISHING DEMANDS The purpose of this activity is to promote a dialogue between the public administrators and the community. The idea is that the community may identify internal demands and create a work plan with the administrators.

In the case of Bailique, the work groups, created by the ACTB, were separated according to the institutions that could best contribute to each group for helping define demands and a schedule that would ben-efit communities.

General Meeting IVGeneral Meeting IV saw the organization of demands set out at General Meeting III, given that the local institution and work groups had enough time to organize task structure and define some procedures.

The objective of this General Meeting was the acknowledgement between different parties, the planning of production activities, and the forming of partnerships. The success of this process largely depends on the capacity of the supporting organization for identifying prospective partners to introduce to communities involved in the Community Proto-col, as well as the capacity for prospecting public policy for Indigenous and Traditional communities, identifying those most adequate for the communities in question.

During General Meeting IV, each work group is divided in order to specifically discuss the demands that were identified and to associate them to potential partners present. In assembly, the community then de-cides whether or not to accept the demands proposed and partnerships of each work group.


Previous to the meeting, it is advisable that communities hold prepa-ratory planning meetings for General Meeting IV with WG coordinators, as well as leaders from the Community Association and local partners to organize the demands set out in General Meeting III. Thus, having reached a common agreement, prospective partners are listed for invita-tion to General Meeting IV. Once the partners are identified, the support-ing organization can make the invitations.

In the specific case of Bailique, each work group identified, according to their demands, the following possible partners:

, TRADITIONAL KNOWLEDGE WGInstitute of Scientific and Technological Research of the State of Amapá (IEPA), Department of Genetic Heritage of the Ministry of the Environ-ment (DPG/MMA), Secretariat for Biodiversity and Forests (Secretaria de Biodiversidade e Florestas), and the National Health Surveillance Agency (ANVISA).

, PRODUCTION AND AGROEXTRACTIVISM WGBrazilian Agricultural Research Corporation (EMBRAPA/AP), Natura, Secretariat of Extraction and Sustainable Rural Development (Sec-retaria do Extrativismo e Desenvolvimento Rural Sustentável/MMA), Rural Development Institute of Amapá (RURAP), Secretariat for Bio-diversity and Forests (Secretaria de Biodiversidade e Florestas/MMA), Municipal Secretariat of Economic Development of Amapá (SEM-DEC), Ministry of Fisheries and Aquaculture (MPA).

, YOUTH WGMinistry of Culture (MinC), Ministry of Education (MEC), Network of Family Schools’ Association of Amapá (RAEFAP), Federal University of Amapá (UNIFAP), Federal University of Pará (UFPA), Secretariat of Science and Technology for Social Inclusion (SECIS) for discussion of the Technological Vocation Centres (CVTs) and the Ministry of the

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Environment Youth Secretariat (Secretaria de Juventude do MMA).

, ENVIRONMENT WGEcotourism, Department for the Environment (SEMA), Chico Mendes Institute for the Conservation of Biodiversity (ICMBio), Secretariat for Biodiversity and Forests (SBF), Protected Areas of the Amazon Pro-gram (ARPA), Ministry of Tourism, State Public Ministry (MPE).

, LAND ISSUE WGSuperintendency of Heritage of the Union (SPU), National Institute of Colonization and Agrarian Reform (INCRA), Federal Public Ministry (MPF).

It was agreed during this preparatory meeting that public policy ad-ministrated by the Secretariat of Science and Technology for Social In-clusion of the Ministry for Science, Technology, and Innovation (MCTI), the Technological Vocation Centres -CVTs- would be one of the focus points of the General Meeting, because of the potential the CVT holds for diverse work groups, as it would address issues relating to education, technology, and production.

In the specific case of Bailique, the assembly decided for a list of specific demands for each work group (Annex 4). Regarding the CVT, 4 products of sociobiodiversity of the region were identified, which became the focus of the activity: acai berries, fish, medicinal plants, and oils.

The following table deals specifically with the development of CVT.


Case Study Development of the Technological Vocation Centre During General Meeting IV communities discussed what the implemen-tation of a CVT in Bailique would be like, and what were the focus-areas they would like to develop. The following work plan was thus designed:

1. Açaí Berry , Survey of reserves, identification of species, and analysis

of chemical and nutritional/functional activities, Management/Production of seedlings/installation of a seedling

nursery per community (Meliponiculture), Processing technologies (equipment), Business plan

2. OILS, Survey of reserves, identification of species and analysis of

chemical and nutritional/functional activities, Management/Production of seedlings/installation of a seedling

nursery per community, Processing technology (equipment), Business plan

3. FISH, Identification of most appropriate species for cultivation in Bailique, Techniques of production (net tanks/dugout ponds), Production of feed using local input, Business plan

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4. Herbs / Medicinal Plants, Survey of reserves, identification of species and analysis of

chemical and nutritional/functional activities and identification of potential industry use

, Management/Production of seedlings/installation of a seedling nursery per community

, Exchange of knowledge/Popularisation of use

Activities in Common to Issues

A) Installation of a system for collection and purification of water for consumption and cultivation

B) Training programs on subjects necessary for the implementation and continuation of the project

C) Use of solar energy to support production activities

D) A colourful publication by subject with a run of 10,000 copies

E) Hiring of consultants in key areas of the project

F) Participation of two community representatives in two national events and two international events in the three-year project term.

Having defined this structure, the assembly of General Meeting IV empowered GTA/OELA to identify partners for the public management of CVT. In this process, the following were identified::


, Federal University of Rio Grande – FURG (general coordination of CVT)

, EMBRAPA/AP, UNIFAP, Federal Institute of Amapá -IFAP, Natura, Instituto Mamirauá

The CVT project proposal includes the creation of 2 Technological Vocation Centres (CVT) in the far north and south of Brazil, integrat-ing complementary cultures and biodiversity, and taking into account the similarities and differences of a continental-country like Brazil.

The goals identified in the project are:

, Selection of 100 students on the proposed subjects of Agrobio-diversity, 80 being students at CVT-Bailique and 20 at CVT-South

, Training of 300 producers from Traditional Communities on short duration technology courses, between 20 and 80 hours

, Publication of “Popular Pharmacopoeia of Bailique”, an edition of 10,000 copies to be widely distributed throughout Brazil

, Implementation of the Natural Remedy Pharmacy of Bailique (Farmácia Viva do Bailique), including a seedling nursery and con-servation of regional medicinal plant seedlings, community gardens, community herbarium of regional medicinal plants, laboratory for herbal production and teaching practices, Natural Remedy Pharma-cy (Farmácia da Terra) linked to the midwife house and a germ-plasm bank for the conservation of regional species used in the Natural Remedy Pharmacy

, Survey of current and potential açaí production

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, Provision of the following Maps: Traditional Territory of Bailique (lo-cation of communities and their areas of traditional use), Land use (extraction, agriculture, livestock, urban areas), Vegetation or Eco-systems (lowland forest, flooded fields, mangroves)

, Zoning of areas of native açaí trees and their status of use and con-servation (extraction, handling, non-exploited, degraded)

, Plan and make operative 2 floating structures for freeze-drying and other processing of açaí and plant oils, contributing to the apprecia-tion in value of products of local agrobiodiversity

, Install 2 Photovoltaic Autonomous Systems, one at the freeze-dry-ing plant and the other at the plant oils production plant

, 80 producers trained in forest management and mapping of Non-Timber Forest Products (PFNM), best practice for extraction of plant oils and public policy;

, 4 Demonstration Units of Management of Non-Timber Forest Prod-ucts (PFNM) (açaí, andiroba, pracaxi, buriti)

, 4 Demonstration Units of Management of Pau Mulato;, 30 producers trained in processing medicinal plants and production

of natural products, Production of 4 videos on the management of açaí, andiroba, pra-

caxi, and pau mulato, Development of 5 new regional superfoods to be used in Social

Programs in regions covered by CVTs, Adequation of infrastructure to house CVTs, Economic feasibility study for insertion of products, 2 training courses for the building of dry toilets for lowland areas

The budget for this project is estimated at R$ 7 million, to be disbursed in two instalments to be negotiated.


Putting into practice demands identified by the communityIt is essential for the sustainability of the Local Sustainable Develop-ment process that the improvement of production chains and training of producer families are linked to technical education (Alternation Ped-agogy, or Trade-Off Teaching), as this will form the basis for the creation of new Technical Courses. Should the region not have a Family School (Escola Família) or a Rural Family House (Casa Familiar Rural), it is rec-ommended that communities seek alternatives for the creation of their own schools for the education of their children.

Once demands and partners have been established in General Meeting IV, the practical stage begins. The following workshops were organised in the defined areas:

WORKSHOP ON BEST PRACTICES IN MANAGEMENT OF AÇAÍThis workshop was organised and applied to açaí producers who serve the large regional market. The aim was to rationalize, increase produc-tion, and work on the quality and security of the acai berry, as well as to insert good socio environmental practices. In the case of Bailique, in par-allel to the workshop, the practice of meliponiculture was introduced near the açaí trees (açaizais), with the aim of increasing pollination. A study carried out by Embrapa East Amazon in 2014 shows an average increase of 40% in the production of açaí in areas pollinated through meliponicul-ture. The advantage would be double, as the honey and its sub-products could also be commercially exploited in future.

In Bailique, around 134 family-producers took part in the workshops, with the best practice for açaí management workshops taking place in the summer in nine local communities identified by ACTB. The courses were carried out with support from Marimar Schoolboat for the theory classes, while practical classes took place in the forests.

Regarding meliponiculture, 6 ‘Introduction to Meliponiculture’ cours-

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es took place during the summer, with over 50 colonies already installed in communities, which will be directly associated with: a greater pro-duction from the açaí trees (pollination), an increase in revenue through the production and sale of honey and its derivatives (in the long term), and a global need for the strengthening of pollinators as biodiversity protection agents.

CONSTRUCTION OF COMMUNITY GARDENS WITH MEDICINAL PLANTSTo begin the activities with medicinal plants, the construction of a com-munity garden per area was carried out (in the case of Bailique, 4 ar-eas). These gardens are embryos for the development of the Natural Remedy Pharmacy (Farmácia da Terra), botanical identification through exsiccatae (dried herbarium specimens), publication of pharmacopoeia, herbarium and germplasm bank creation, and the creation of the Garden of Medicinal Plants of Bailique.

In the specific case of Bailique, the community gardens are part of the Traditional Knowledge Work Group (GTCT), formed of midwives, herb doctors/healers, and other bearers of knowledge on medicinal plants. This group has participated in diverse workshops about how to dry the plants, produce exsiccatae for botanical identification, produce creams and ointments and other products that may help with the conservation of those medicines, as traditionally used by the community.

GENERAL MEETING V As previously mentioned, the land issue became an essential part of the discussion of the implementation of the protocol, as it guarantees con-trol over their traditional territory, access to public policies for communi-ties, and at the same time assures sustainable management.

Thus General Meeting V was born out of a need specific to Bailique, which was to strengthen dialogue with land agencies and try to reach an


agreement on activities. It is important to remember that, depending on the reality of the community in question, General Meeting V could have a very different format and content.

Given the reality of Bailique, the Federal Public Ministry (MPF), the Association of Traditional Communities of Bailique (ACTB) and the Am-azonian Working Group Network (GTA) invited to this General Meeting the Superintendency of Heritage of the Union (SPU), Department for the Environment of Amapá (SEMA), National Institute of Colonization and Agrarian Reform (INCRA), and the Institute of the Environment and Plan-ning of the Territory of Amapá (IMAP). The structure of the meeting was conceived so as to give space to discussion around Recommendation 19/2015, issued by the Federal Public Ministry.

The Federal Prosecutor explained the content of the MPF Recom-mendation to the community and all other organizations present had the opportunity to express their views, explaining how they would be plan-ning activities in response to the Recommendation of the MPF. At the end of the General Meeting, several agreements were made between or-ganizations, which included: a cooperation agreement between the SPU and ACTB – to carry out a survey of families, the SEMA agreed to start a consultation with communities to identify interest in Bailique becoming a Conservation Unit, INCRA agreed to initiate the Settlement Development Plan (PDA) and the ACTB will support field activities of those organiza-tions. In addition, the SPU delivered, during the meeting, 126 Terms of Sustainable Authorization (TAUS), which is symbolically a first step for the land issue, which is moving towards a solution.

GENERAL MEETING VIThe focus of this meeting was the communities interested in develop-ing their production, promoting dialogue between community producers and companies/organizations interested in products of sociobiodiversi-ty of the region. It is, then, an opportunity for market prospection on both

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sides: communities and industry/companies.As such, it is part of the supporting organization’s responsibility,

alongside the association managing the Community Protocol, to identi-fy and invite external actors (industry and possible partners) that are of interest to the community. It is important to remember that this Meet-ing has the purpose of being a prospection of opportunities and at the same time a risk assessment, where communities have the chance to think strategically, with external actors present, about how to improve the quality of their products to then offer them to the market.

The methodology adopted for this event consisted in giving each invited organization the opportunity of presenting their work and their needs, establishing a dialogue with the communities. Once this has taken place, they should in turn get together and put on paper the ar-eas they would like to develop, identify challenges, bottlenecks, and also opportunities.

With these demands and interests identified, the supporting orga-nization can then help the communities prospect ideal partners for the development of activities.

In the Bailique scenario, coordinators from the Agroextractivism and Production WG and leaders of the ACTB realised there was a need for organising a General Meeting to discuss the challenges and opportu-nities of local production. There was an average of 300 community members from 40 territorial communities present. Also present were the Coordination of Indigenous Organizations of the Amazon (COIAB), Fundo Vale, AVINA Foundation, CENTROFLORA, PLANT Consulting, CERTI Foundation, GREEN Social Bioethanol, NATURA, Banco do Brasil Foundation, EMBRAPA/AP, and Terra de Ismael Spiritist Project.

After a meeting and conversation with the guest organizations, each community met with their representative in order to identify opportuni-ties and challenges in the region.

Once group work was finalized, interest in the following projects was identified:


Projects of communities

AÇAÍ MANAGEMENT 28FISH FARMING 15AGRICULTURE 11MELIPONICULTURE 11BUFFALO FARMING 2APICULTURE 2ANDIROBA OIL 5MEDICINAL PLANTS 5SHRIMP FARMING 3CHICKEN FARMING 3PIG FARMING 3PULP PROCESSING 2PRACAXI OIL 2TOURISM OF THE POROROCA 2AGROFORESTRY 1SEPTIC TANK CONSTRUCTION 1COMMUNITY CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FRUIT AND FOREST SPECIES OF THE AMAZON 1

COMMUNITY GARDEN 1

EXTRACTIVISM OF ‘CAT’S CLAW’ (UNCARIA TOMENTOSA) 1

COMMUNITY RADIO/INTERNET/COMMUNICATION 1TREATMENT AND STORAGE OF WATER FOR CONSUMPTION AND PRODUCTION = DESALINATION 1

The General Meeting approved in plenary session the decision of choosing the Cat’s Claw (Uncaria tomentosa) as the symbolic plant of the community protocol. It is a commonly used species in the world of herbal medicine, but which practically disappeared from Brazil due to predatory exploitation. In Bailique, this species can still be found in cer-tain abundance. The communities, after this adoptive action, decided to initiate a process of collection of seeds, germination, and reforesting, with

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the purpose of guaranteeing conservation to then promote sustainable use of the species.

In addition, other demands specifically related to the issue of produc-tion were identified.

Demands for Professional Training

of communities

FUNDRAISING 11TRAINING FOR PROCESSING (PULP, FISH, OIL, AND ANDIROBA) 10

TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE (DIVERSE AREAS SUCH AS MANAGEMENT, AGRICULTURE, APICULTURE ETC.) 9

PLANNING AND BUSINESS 4CERTIFICATION 2TRAINING FOR SALES 2RESOURCE MANAGEMENT 2

During this Meeting it was suggested that two specific groups should meet to discuss their activities: the açaí producers and traditional knowl-edge group, as both had urgent issues in need of resolution. As previ-ously explained, these two groups are the initial focus of the CVT.

The group of açaí producers discussed the problem of transporting açaí to Macapá, which causes loss of quality and consequently lower prices. The group raised several questions regarding the cost of freight, sale in Macapá and participation of the ACTB, which in turn brought about the need to carry out a study to understand and improve the transport of the product. The Traditional Knowledge group organised a collection of Cat’s Claw seed to begin studies and conservation. Ad-ditionally, the group also discussed upcoming activities related to the construction of its medicinal garden.

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STRENGTHENING OF COMMUNITY INSTITUTIONS4


T he other pillar which forms the basis of the second year of the project is the strengthening of institutions which will be reflect-ed as greater community empowerment and a greater feeling

of legitimacy and belonging towards the project. In the specific case of Bailique, for the purpose of strengthening

the ACTB, an educational support program was created for students at university and at Family-Schools (EFA) with the purpose of engaging them in the implementation of the Community Protocol of Bailique. We consider this to be the best strategy of the Protocol, since it ensures that young people continue studying, allowing for their permanence and inclusion in higher education so they can become protagonists in local sustainable development and the defence of their territories, thus con-tributing to the environmental and social justice of Bailique.

Considering the lack of management experience of the ACTB lead-ership, the project initiated training courses for them. The first took place in December 2015 with a financial training workshop which took place in Bailique. 9 community members took part, among them representa-tives of the ACTB, community leaders and members of the Youth WG.

In the following table there is a breakdown of the subjects covered in the workshop:

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Financial Workshop TableSubjects discussed

1. Creating an Organization2. Founding Assembly3. Bylaws4. Civil Registry of Legal Entities5. National Registry of Legal Entities – CNPJ6. Permit for Location and Operation7. Registration with Federal Agencies: INSS, CEF

Financial and Accounting Control for Civil Society Organization

1. Opening a specific bank account for each project2. Fixed Cash Fund for small expenses3. Monthly Cash Flow4. Control of Travel Expenses5. Control of Accounts Payable6. Monthly Reconciliation of Bank Account Balances7. Bookkeeping8. Project Financial Reports

How to keep an Organization Legalized1. Keeping up to date with the IRS2. Alterations in Status

Administrative Organization1. Planning2. Organization3. Coordination or direction4. Control/Addressed issues


It is important to assess management shortcomings in each commu-nity so as to then tailor capacity building workshops to meet local needs and strengthen community institutions such as, for example, through ad-ministrative, communication and business capacity building workshops.

Within this scenario, some specific activities were designed in order to guarantee this process.

Workshop Methodology developed in year IIThe first year of the project was characterised by the need for facilitat-ing the participation of the communities involved, since there wasn’t a feeling of ‘belonging’ and ‘legitimacy’ towards the project, and as such, it was necessary to create methods to enable the approximation of the communities with the Community Protocol project. Thus, some actions were created to this end, during the workshops throughout the first year:

, Distribution of fuel to community representatives to support one of the trips (to or from) the community and the location of the workshop

, Payment of an allowance to people involved in preparing meals, clean-ing of the community centre, and support during workshops

, Provision of food in the workshops

Unlike this first stage, there is, in the 2nd year, a need to change this approach since communities have already established their Community Protocol, and as such the activities are also activities of implementa-tion of the Protocol. It is necessary to pass on as much responsibili-ty as possible to the communities, with the purpose of promoting the development of autonomy, independence, and local empowerment. The supporting organization of the process becomes, then, a partner of the local organization and begins a process of transferring responsibilities for executing activities directly to communities.

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To reinforce the principles of engagement and belonging, the part-ner organization and animator of the process, needs to restructure these forms of relationship. The main objective is that communities take on greater commitments within the process. It is recommended that the partner organization should negotiate with communities in order for them to take on the responsibilities such as preparing meals for events (workshops, courses), cleaning, logistical support, etc. In addition, the offer of fuel should be reduced, reaffirming that the project belongs to them, and as such, they should take on the responsibility of mobility, as well as dissemination of the strengthening process.

On the other hand, it is the partner organization’s task to reinforce its strategy in the prospection of external opportunities, be it through public policies or private partners, as well as the offer of technical assistance, knowledge transfer, technology, and innovation. The partner organiza-tion is also responsible for enabling access to what isn’t available in the communities.

It is essential that the partner organization should make a gradu-al transfer of responsibilities for activities and actions, and encourage communities to plan their next steps, in order for them not to feel un-supported. This should be done, especially, with the community associ-ation created in the process of the building of the community protocol, which in Bailique is the ACTB. It is necessary that the organization begin empowering itself with the process of organization and logistics of work-shops, courses, and General Meetings in Year II. It is worth pointing out that these changes in relations and attitudes may generate some resis-tance from the communities, however it is important to highlight that this process of empowerment creates independence and autonomy so they themselves can be the protagonists of local sustainable development, and work on the organization of productive chains.

Within this scenario of changes in responsibilities, the partner or-ganization begins a process of transferring equipment acquired during the project to the community association, despite the transfer not being


legally effective until the end of the project. However, it is symbolically important that this transfer occurs, so as to heighten the feeling of be-longing of those involved. In addition, it is important that communities take small steps to maintain and care for the equipment and structures belonging to the project, such as, for example, clearing the outside area of the organization’s headquarters, indoor cleaning of the building, con-struction of a port for the boat, maintenance of the boats, etc., according to local needs.

Development of Coexistence Agreements of Partner CommunitiesEach community makes a Coexistence Agreement which registers in-ternal rules and creates mechanisms which respect and work together with the content of the Community Protocol, which is a document col-lectively representing the communities. In this sense, the existence of rules for each community allows them to develop a form of protection of their natural resources and genetic resources. The rules thus guide the collective life of the inhabitants, protect traditional knowledge, and carry out the management and protection of their territories, strengthening the Local Community Protocol.

In the specific case of Bailique, the Coexistence Agreements deal with issues such as Community Social Organisation, Mechanisms of Protection and Management of Genetic resources, Mechanisms of Pro-tection and Management of Territory, and Mechanisms of Protection and Management of Associated Traditional Knowledge. The Agreements of the communities are in line with the macro agreements of the Commu-nity Protocol of Bailique, however, it is a very dynamic process and the community has the liberty, when it feels the need, to place any issues in the community agreements.

Thus, all participating communities of the Community Protocols project should build or update their coexistence agreements, taking into

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account that they should align with the larger document which is the Community Protocol. To this end, the local executor association of the Protocol must visit those communities and help local leadership think of and develop the content of the coexistence agreement.

New Communities Adhering to the Community ProtocolAs explained in the first booklet of the methodology, not all communities agreed to participate in the process of building the community protocol of their territory, given that it is not a community obligation but a choice.

What tends to happen is that communities outside the Protocol, upon seeing the results achieved by the process, decide to adhere to the group. However, it is necessary for those communities to go through the same capacity building as the others, through the workshops described in the first booklet, so that they can adhere to the Protocol. This is of extreme importance in guaranteeing that those communities feel represented and that their participation in the Protocol is legitimate.

As such, it is the role of the local association executing the Protocol, which in the case of Bailique is the ACTB, to visit these communities and develop the whole methodological process of the workshops to then en-sure the transfer of information and that the new communities become totally involved in the process of the protocol.

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ANNEXES5

ANNEXES5

ANnEXe 1DIAGNOSTIC SURVEY

Production Diagnosis of Bailique

WHAT DO YOU PRODUCE?

TYPE OF PRODUCT

(seed, oil)

QUANTITY PRODUCED

DO YOU SELL THE PRODUCT?

WHERE?

SALE PRICE

(BRL/measure)

PERIOD YOU CAN

ACCESS THE RESOURCE

AVAILABILITY?

HOW MANY FAMILY

MEMBERS INVOLVED?

SALE THROUGH ASSOCIATION

OR COOPERATIVE?

1 /

2 /

3 /

4 /

5 /

6 /

NAME COMMUNITY

HOW COULD YOU IMPROVE PRODUCTION? Access to technical assistance

Purchase of equipment

Increase in natural resources

Changing the form of the product (i.e. seed into oil, fresh fish into steaks)

Other(s)

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Production Diagnosis of Bailique

WHAT DO YOU PRODUCE?

TYPE OF PRODUCT

(seed, oil)

QUANTITY PRODUCED

DO YOU SELL THE PRODUCT?

WHERE?

SALE PRICE

(BRL/measure)

PERIOD YOU CAN

ACCESS THE RESOURCE

AVAILABILITY?

HOW MANY FAMILY

MEMBERS INVOLVED?

SALE THROUGH ASSOCIATION

OR COOPERATIVE?

1 /

2 /

3 /

4 /

5 /

6 /

AREA

DO YOU PARTICIPATE IN ANY PUBLIC POLICY (PAA, PNAE...)? Yes Which one(s)?

No

If you don’t participate, why?

NEW BUSINESS OPPORTUNITIES, NEW PRODUCTIVE ACTIVITIES TO BE DEVELOPED?

ANNEXES5

ANnEXE 2LAND ISSUE SURVEY

COMMUNITY PROTOCOL OF BAILIQUE

CGPCB - management comitee of community PROTOCOL of BAILIQUE

SURVEY ON THE LAND ISSUE OF BAILIQUE

1) How many people live in this house?

2) How many families live in this house?

3) Is your family part of a settlement? Which one?

4) Are you happy with this model of settlement? Why?

Given that there are other models of land regularization (settlements), in your opinion, what would be the best model of settlement for your family?

INCRA (federal), composed ofa) Agroextractivist Settlement: federal settlement model which includes the availability of financial resourc-

es in the forms of credit lines (Initial, Housing, Development, Women, and others of the PRONAF line) and technical assistance in various project stages.

b) Green Settlement: a model which complements the Agroextractivist model, aiming to create mecha-nisms of protection for natural resources, diminishing and combatting deforestation.

SPU (federal), composed ofa) TAUS (Terms of Authorization of Sustainable Use). Precarious and temporary document that allows the

use of land and its natural resources for the purpose of meeting agrarian land reform in traditional com-munities located on Union land. Comprised of credit lines and technical assistance throughout the project.

b) Can be individual or collective (per community).

IMAP (state) current model, composed ofa) Agroextractivist Settlement: same model as INCRA, with Licence document or Authorization of Use.

Considering that Bailique land belongs to the Union, and that any land document given by an-other office, whether municipal or of the state, has no legal validity, and that only the SPU can authorise the use of land through documentation (ordinances), which of those institutions would you prefer to assume the management of Bailique land?

INCRA SPU IMAP (current management)

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ANNEXe 3LAND ISSUE SURVEY II

COMMUNITY PROTOCOL OF BAILIQUE

bailique traditional communities association - ACTB

SURVEY ON THE SITUATION OF SETTLEMENTS IN BAILIQUE

1) What is your situation within this Settlement Project?

I am on the RB (Register of Beneficiaries) and have had access to credit

I am on the RB, but have not accessed credit

I am only registered

I am not on the RB nor registered

Other (business owner, public servant etc.)

2) As a settler, which credits have you had access to?

Initial Support 1 Development 1 Woman

Initial Support 2 Development 2 Installation/Home

3) How much of each credit have you received?

4) Are you on the Single Registry (CAD ÚNICO)

Yes No

5) Are you a beneficiary of the Bolsa Família (federal)?

Yes No

OBS Identify beneficiaries who no longer live in communities

ANNEXES5

ANnEXe 4Work Group Demands general meeting IV

TRADITIONAL KNOWLEDGE WG

potential of plants

to health centres in Bailique

with plants with certificate of origin (traceability)

PRODUCTION AND EXTRACTIVISM WG

Training of technicians in the area of identification and seeds

and prices without influence from middlemen

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YOUTH WG

fish farming, shipbuilding, environmental management, public management, administration etc. In this sense, to think also of courses that are not available in Bailique, but which could dialogue with other strategies and production activities: bioconstruction, basic sanitation specialist etc. On this, we can talk to CVTs, EFAs etc.

to have courses of the same standards as in the cities

ENVIRONMENT WG

for visiting etc., with capacity building for this type of work

and waste recycling

LAND ISSUE WG

and demarcation of lands urgently

SUPPORT

INSTITUtIONAL partnership



This booklet focuses on describing the methodology of the second stage, that is, the proposal of an innovative model for a Local Sustainable Development Plan, taking the Community Protocol of Bailique as a case in point. The Methodology

has two main pillars: the first is focused on the organization of production chains of the sociobiodiversity of the region, and the second is the strengthening of

community organizations, thus promoting local empowerment. However, this is only a guide which is to be adapted and replicated in other Traditional Communities

according to their own situations.

For a better understanding of this process, and in order for it to take on a stronger character and continuity, reading of the previous

“Methodology for the Construction of Community Protocols” BOOKLET is recommended. it can be found at http://goo.gl/k7x8Qu


Documents

Methodology for the construction of community protocols · Methodology for the construction of community protocols This booklet focuses on describing the methodology of the second