Realism Abstraction Symbolism Fauvism Dadaism Futurism Surrealism Expressionism

Attempts to portray the subject as it is Realists try to be as objective as

possible Main function is to describe as

accurately and honestly as possible what is observed through the senses

However, in the process of selecting and presenting his material, he cannot help being influenced by what he feels or thinks

An artwork is realistic when the presentation and organization of details in the work seem so natural

Realism is a common way of presenting the art subject

Ex. Amorsolo’s paintings

Is used when the artist becomes so interested in one phase of a scene or a situation that he does not show the subject at all as an objective reality, but only his idea, or his feeling about it

Means “to move away or separate” Abstract art moves away from showing

things as they really are The painter or artist paints the picture

not as it really looked The picture is not just likelife Not “realistic”

Distortion – manifested when the subject is in misshapen condition, or the regulars shape is twisted out

Elongation – refers to that which is being lengthened, protraction or an extension

Mangling – objects that are cut, lacerated, mutilated or hacked with repeated blows

Cubism – stresses abstract form through the use of a cone, cylinder, or sphere at the expense of other pictorial elements. Ex. Cezanne, George Braque of France and Pablo Picasso o Spain

Abstract expression – a style of abstract painting that originated in New York City after WWII and gained an international vogue.

Strong color, heavy impasto, uneven brush strokes, and rough textures

Abstract expressionism departs completely from subject matter, from studied precision and from any other kind of preconceived design

Ex. Jackson Pallock, New York

Transcends the everyday run-of-the-mill sign and assumes a new and fresh meaning, originating from a highly personal and even unique association born in the mid of the poet or painter

Ex. Juan Luna “Spolarium” (referred to the spoils of war, spoils of tyrants and the king)

First important art movement of the 1900’s

Henry Matisse led the movement Andre Derain, Raoul dufy, George

Rouault (France) Artists tried to paint pictures of comfort,

joy and pleasure Uses extremely bright colors

Fauvism was a brief art movement made up of several young Parisian painters at the beginning of the 20th century.

Primarily a transitional movement, Fauvism came about as the art world shifted from the Post-Impressionism of Van Gogh, Cezanne, and Gauguin to the Cubism of Braque and Picasso.

Led by Henri Matisse, this group of painters often used vivid colors—without much mixing or blending—to create flat shapes in their paintings while still being representational.

Their paintings weren’t meant to closely mimic nature or re-create the impression of light as the Impressionists had, but to use whatever colors necessary to express an emotion or feeling.

The name, Les Fauves was actually first used as a derogatory remark about their work by French art critic Louis Vauxcelles. Les Fauves actually means “wild beasts”—it referred to Matisse and the others’ choice of colors, indicating that their work was savage and primitive.

Dada (hobby horse) nonsensical The first major anti-art movement, Dada was a

revolt against the culture and values which - it was believed - had caused and supported the carnage of The First World War (1914-18).

It quickly developed into an anarchistic anti-art movement whose aim was to subvert and undermine the value system of the ruling establishment which had allowed the war to happen, including the arts establishment which they viewed as inextricably linked to the discredited socio-political status quo.

Erupting simultaneously in 1916, in Europe and America, its leaders were typically very young, in their early twenties, and most had "opted out", avoiding conscription in the shelter of neutral cities such as New York, Zurich and Barcelona.

As an anti-art pressure-group, it resorted to outrageous tactics to attack the established traditions of art, employing a barrage of demonstrations and manifestos, as well as exhibitions of absurdist art deliberately designed to scandalize and shock both the authorities and the general public.

Centres of public Dada activities were usually small and intimate: they included the Zurich Cabaret Voltaire; Alfred Stieglitz's Photo-Secession Gallery, the Arensberg's apartment and Marius de Zaya's Modern Gallery, all in New York; and the Club Dada in Berlin.

Ironically, despite its nihilistic mission, Dada led to the emergence and refinement of several important innovations in fine art, including collage and photo-montage, and went on to influence several later modern art movements, such as Surrealism and Pop-Art, as well as contemporary art styles like Neo-Dada and several mid- 20th century art forms, such as Installation and Performance.

Who Founded Dada? Although Dadaist ideas were already surfacing on both

sides of the Atlantic, the actual name Dada was coined in Zurich in 1916. According to the poet Richard Huelsenbeck (1892-1927), the word was selected at random by himself and the painter-musician Hugo Ball (1886-1927) from a German-French dictionary.

Essentially (and probably deliberately) a nonsense word, Dada means Yes-Yes in Russian, and There-There in German (universal baby-talk); while in French it means hobbyhorse. Along with Jean Arp (1887-1966) and the Romanian poet and demonic activist Tristan Tzara (1896-1963), the pair also founded the Cabaret Voltaire in Zurich, an early centre of multi-cultural Dada events and protest shows.

Other Zurich Dada supporters included the Romanian Sculptor Marcel Janco (1895-1984), and the German painter and film-maker Hans Richter (1888-1976).

Meantime, in New York, a group of artists were busy developing an American style of Dada anti-art. They included the celebrated French contemporary artist Marcel Duchamp (1887-1968), whose works were already firmly Dadaist in spirit if not in name, the French Cubist painter Francis Picabia (1879-1953), the painter, sculptor and photographer Man Ray (1890-1977) and the Precisionist artist Morton Schamberg (1881-1918).

The Idea is More Important Than the Work of Art Itself

Art Can Be Made of Anything Jean Arp (1887-1966): Poet and Sculptor Marcel Duchamp (1887-1968): Avant-

Garde Artist Max Ernst (1891-1976): Painter,

Sculptor, Graphic artist, Poet Raoul Hausmann (1886-1971): Painter,

Photographer

Man Ray (1890–1976): Painter, Photographer

To capture the speed and force of modern industrial society

Glorified the mechanical energy of modern life

Automobiles, motorcycles and railroad trains-express the explosive vitality of modern city

Founded in Paris in 1924 by the French poet Andre Breton

Tries to reveal a new and higher reality than that of daily life.

‘super realism’ Emphasizes the activities of the

subconscious state of the mind Subjects attempt to show what is inside

man’s mind as well as the appearance of his outside world

Creates forms and images not primarily by reason, but by unthinking impulse abd blind feeling or even by accident

Surrealists declare that a magical world-more beautiful than the real one-can be created in art and literature

Much of the beauty sought by surrealism is violent and cruel

To shock the viewer or reader and show what they consider the deeper and truer part of human nature

Ex. Benjamin Mendoza, Bolivian

Surrealism is defined as "a style in which fantastical visual imagery from the subconscious mind is used with no intention of making the work logically comprehensible." For the first time, artists could “express their imagination as revealed in dreams, shaped by emerging theories on our perception of reality, free of the conscious control of reason and convention.”

It was no wonder many people of this time period were drawn to this fantasy world, for Europe was in the midst of a "reconstruction" due to Irish (civil) wars, a new dictator, and economic issues. Surrealism’s main purpose was “to resolve the previously contradictory conditions of dream and reality into an absolute reality, a super-reality.”

Introduced in Germany during the first decade of 20th century

Believed in the necessity of a spiritual rebirth for man in an age that was fast becoming influenced by materialism

The emotional expressions in expressionistic paintings could be described as involving pathos, morbidity, violence or chaos, and tragedy. It sometimes portray defeat

The movement is originaly German and Austrian. There was never a group of artists that called themselves Expressionists.

There were a number of Expressionist groups in painting, including the Blaue Reiter and Die Brücke.

Later in the 20th century, the movement influenced a large number of artists, including the so-called abstract expressionists, the latter consisting primarily of American artists such as Jackson Pollock.

At the end of the 20th century, a group of artists in the South America developed a style known as Southern expressionism.

Expressionist groupsExpressionism painting is a represented distortion of reality resulting on an emotional effect. It can often implies emotional angst.Emotion is a neural impulse that moves an organism to action. Emotion is differentiated from feeling.

El Greco or Matthias Grünewald can be called expressionist, but in practice, the term is applied only to 20th century works.