Methods of Data Collection ,Brm

8/2/2019 Methods of Data Collection ,Brm

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Syed Ahmed Noman

0923BBA00995

Shamim

Mahafuzur Rahman

0923BBA00987

Sazzad Alam

Abdussalam

Aminul Islam

0923BBA00995


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There are several methods of collecting primary data,

particularly in surveys and descriptiveresearches. Important ones are:

Observation method

Interview method

Through questionnaires Through schedules and

Other methods which include


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Under the observation method, the information is sought by wayof investigators own direct observation without asking from the

respondent.Firstly,subjective bias is eliminated, if

observation is done accurately.Secondly, the information obtained under this

method relates to what is currently happening;

Thirdly, this method is independent of respondents

'willingness to respond

Firstly, it is an expensive method.

Secondly, the information provided by this method

is very limited.

Thirdly, sometimes unforeseen factors may

interfere with the observational task.Adva

ntage

Disadv

antage


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The interview method of collecting data involves presentation of

oral-verbal stimuli and reply interms of oral-verbal responses.This method can be used through personal interviews and, if

possible,through telephone interviews.Personal interview

method requires a person

known as the interviewer

asking questionsgenerally in a face-to-

face contact to the other

person or persons

Personal

interviews:

Telephone

interviews:

This method of collecting

information consists in

contacting respondentson telephone itself.


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Interviewer by his own skill canovercome the resistance, if any,

of the respondents;

Theinterview method can be made toyieldan almostperfectsample of the general population.

There is greaterflexibility under this method as the opportunity to

restructure questions isalways there, specially in caseofunstructured interviews.

Personal information can as well beobtained easily under this

method.

Samplescan be controlled more effectively as there arises nodifficulty of the missingreturns; The interviewer can usually controlwhich person(s) will answer

the questions.A

dvanta

ge

Disadvantage

It is a very expensive method, specially when large

and widely spread geographical sample is taken.

This method is relativelymore-time-consuming,

specially when the sample is large and recalls upon the

respondents are necessary

The presence of the interviewer on the spot mayover-

stimulate the respondent,

Under the interview method the organization required

for selecting, training and supervising the field-staff ismore complex with formidable problems.

Interviewing at times may introduce systematic error


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It is moreflexible in comparison to mailing

method.

It isfaster than other methods i.e., a quick way of

obtaining information.

It ischeaper than personal interviewing method

Recall is easy; callbacks are simple and economical.

There is ahigher rate of response

Interviewercan explain requirements more easily.

No field staffis required.

A

dvanta

ge

Di

sadvantage

Little time is given to respondents for considered

answers; interview period is not likely to exceed fiveminutes in most cases.

Surveys are restricted to respondents who havetelephone

facilities.

Extensive geographical coverage may get restricted bycost considerations.

It isnot suitable for intensive surveys where

comprehensive answers are required to various questions.

Possibility of the bias of the interviewer is relatively

more.

Questions have to be short and to the point;probes are

difficult to handle.


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A questionnaire consists of a number of questions printed ortyped in a definite order on a form or set of forms. The

questionnaire is mailed to respondents who are expected to read

and understand the questions and write down the reply in the

space meant for the purpose in the questionnaire itself.

There is low cost even when the universe is large and

is widely spread geographically.

It isfree from the bias of the interviewer

Respondents haveadequate time to give answers.

Large samples can be made use of and thus the

results can be mademore dependable and reliable.Advantage

Disadvantage Low rate of return of the duly filled in

questionnaires;

It can be used only when respondents are educated

and cooperating.There is also the possibility ofambiguous replies

It isdifficult to know whether willing respondents are

truly representative.

This method is likely to be theslowest of all.


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Quite often questionnaire is considered as the heart of a

survey operation. Hence it should be very carefully constructed.

Researcher should note the following with regard to these three

main aspects of a questionnaire

General form

Question sequence

Question formulation

and wording:

So far as the general form of a

questionnaire is concerned, it can eitherbestructuredor unstructured

questionnaire.

In order to make the questionnaire

effective and to ensure quality to the

replies received, a researcher shouldpay attention to the question-sequence

in preparing the questionnaire.

The researcher should note that each

question must be very clear for any sort

of misunderstanding. Question shouldalso be impartial in order not to give a

biased picture of the true state of affairs.

Structured questionnaires are those

questionnaires in which there are

definite, concrete and pre-determinedquestions.

Unstructured questionnaires are those

questionnaires in which there is no

definite, concrete and pre-determinedquestions


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This method of data collection is very much like the collection

of data through questionnaire, with little difference which lies

in the fact that schedules are being filled in by the enumerators

who are specially appointed for the purpose.

It requires the selection of enumerators to fill up schedules

The enumerators should be trained to perform their job well

Enumerators should be intelligent

They should be honest, sincere, hardworking

This method of data collection is very useful in extensive

enquiries and can lead to fairly reliable results.


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Depth interviews:

Warranty cards are usually postal sized cards which are usedby dealers of consumer durables to collect information

regarding their products.

The data are obtained in such audits not by questioning but

by observation.

A consumer panel is essentially a sample of consumers who

are interviewed repeatedly over a period of time.

The use of mechanical devices has been widely made to

collect information by way of indirect means.

Depth interviews are those interviews that are designed todiscover underlying motives and desires and are often used

in motivational research.

Warranty cards:

Distributor or store audits:

Consumer panels:

Use of mechanical devices:


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Secondary data means data that are already available i.e.,they refer to the data which have already been collected and

analysed by someone else. Usually published data are

available in:

various publications by the local govt.

various publications by the foreign govt.

technical and trade journals;

books, magazines and newspapers;reports and publications of various associations connected

with business and industry, banks, stock exchanges, etc.

public records and statistics, historical documents


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Before using secondary data the researcher must be

conscious incase of taking secondary data.

Secondary data must be reliable ,

Secondary data must be suitable for the selected tropic,Secondary data must be huge and available.


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Nature, scope and object of enquiry

Availability of funds

Time factor

Precision required


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Documents

Methods of Data Collection ,Brm