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VISUAL ACUITY EXAMINATION u optotypes u 6 meters u V = 6/6 … 6/60 u first right eye, left, both FAR DISTANCE
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METHODS OFMETHODS OFSUBJECTIVESUBJECTIVE
EXAMINATIONEXAMINATIONMUDr. Pavel Stodůlka,PhD.MUDr. Pavel Stodůlka,PhD.
[email protected]@bnzlin.czwww.LASIK.czwww.LASIK.cz
VISUAL ACUITY
The eye can distinguish two points The eye can distinguish two points
as separte when the angle of view as separte when the angle of view
is 1´ or greater. Then the points is 1´ or greater. Then the points
stimulate cones leaving at least stimulate cones leaving at least
one between them unstimulated.one between them unstimulated.
VISUAL ACUITY EXAMINATION
optotypesoptotypes
6 meters6 meters
V = 6/6 … 6/60V = 6/6 … 6/60
ffirst right eye, left, bothirst right eye, left, both
FAR DISTANCE
TF UN O V
V P O Z N C U F O D
L P V N H F O
F C U F O V P T
SnellenSnellen’s’s optotype / chart optotype / chart
60
36
24
12
10
7,5
6
TF UN O V
V P O Z N C U F O D
L P V N H F O
F C U F O V P T
Visual acuitVisual acuityy examination examination – far distance– far distance
60
36
24
12
10
7,5
6
V 6/60 = 0,1V 6/60 = 0,1
V 6/6 = 1,0V 6/6 = 1,0
V 6/12 = 0,5V 6/12 = 0,5
logarithmical optotypelogarithmical optotype
LandoltLandolt’s’s C / opened rings C / opened rings
VISUAL ACUITY EXAMINATION
full-line methodfull-line method
threshold method – at least 50% rightthreshold method – at least 50% right
FAR DISTANCE
TF UN O V
V P O Z N C U F O D
L P V N H F O
F C U F O V P T
60
36
24
12
10
7,5
6
1. full-line1. full-line methodmethod
2. threshold2. threshold methodmethod
V 6/24 V 6/24 V 6/12 V 6/12
EXAMINATION of weak-sighted
optotypes from 6 metersoptotypes from 6 meters optotypes from 1 metersoptotypes from 1 meters optotypes from 0,5 moptotypes from 0,5 m finger counting from 1m to 20cmfinger counting from 1m to 20cm hand motion in front of the eyehand motion in front of the eye light perception, light projectionlight perception, light projection
TF UN O V
V P O Z N C U F O D
L P V N H F O
F C U F O V P T
Visual acuity examination of weak-sighted from 1mVisual acuity examination of weak-sighted from 1m
60
36
24
12
10
7,5
6
V V 11/60 /60
V 1/6 V 1/6
V 1/12 V 1/12
EXAMINATION of weak-sighted
optotypes from 6 metersoptotypes from 6 meters optotypes from 1 metersoptotypes from 1 meters optotypes from 0,5 moptotypes from 0,5 m finger counting from 1m to 20cmfinger counting from 1m to 20cm hand motion in front of the eyehand motion in front of the eye light perception, light projectionlight perception, light projection
TF UN O V
V P O Z N C U F O D
L P V N H F O
F C U F O V P T
60
36
24
12
10
7,5
6
PracticalPractical(legal)(legal)blindnessblindnessV 1/36V 1/36(from 1 meter)(from 1 meter)
VISUAL ACUITY EXAMINATION
35 centimeters35 centimeters
JagerJager’s’s chart chart
from nr.from nr. 1 1 toto nrnr. 14. 14
ffirst right eye, left, bothirst right eye, left, both
close distance
REFRACTION EXAMINATION
OBJEOBJECTIVECTIVE - skiaskopy - skiaskopy
- autorefractometer- autorefractometer
SUBJECTIVE -SUBJECTIVE - optotypes + glasses caseoptotypes + glasses case
contrast sensitivitycontrast sensitivity
adaptation to the darknessadaptation to the darkness
colour sensecolour sense
OTHER SUBJECTIVEOTHER SUBJECTIVEEYE EXAMINATIONSEYE EXAMINATIONS
COLOUR SENSE
wave length 380 - 760 nmwave length 380 - 760 nm
blue 450nmblue 450nm
green 550nmgreen 550nm
red 580nmred 580nm
COLOUR SENSE
pseudoisochromaticpseudoisochromatic
chartscharts
pseudoisochromatic chartspseudoisochromatic charts
PERIMETRY
= =
examination of the visual fieldexamination of the visual field
PERIMETRY
COMPUTER-ASSISTED PERIMETRYCOMPUTER-ASSISTED PERIMETRY static qvantitative perimetrystatic qvantitative perimetry
GOLDMANNGOLDMANN’S’S PERIMETER PERIMETER kinetic perimetrykinetic perimetry
Computer-Computer-
assisted assisted
perimeterperimeter
PERIMETRY
SCOTOMA SCOTOMA = =
defect in visual fielddefect in visual field
SCOTOMA
ABSOLUTE - doesnABSOLUTE - doesn’’t see anythingt see anything
RELATIVRELATIVEE - decreased visual - decreased visual
sensitivity sensitivity
POSITIVE - realizes thatPOSITIVE - realizes that
NEGATIVNEGATIVEE – do – doeesnsn’t realize that’t realize that
PHYZIOL. SCOTOMA
„ „blind spot“blind spot“
place where the optic nerve enters place where the optic nerve enters
the retinathe retina
BREAK !BREAK !