Mexica 6

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Mexican Ruins: Aztecs and Mayan

People

Por: Sra. FleenerEspañol II

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Aztec History

►Mainly lived in central México, around what istoday México City.

►Well known for hunting and gathering

► Started in the north and migrated to the south.► Precise people but not as precise as the Mayan

people.

►The symbol of the snake on top of the cactus on

México’s flag came from this civilization.► http://dsc.discovery.com/videos/out-of-egypt-

aztec-ruins.html (Video)

http://dsc.discovery.com/videos/out-of-egypt-aztec-ruins.html











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Aztec Calendar

► Two calendars in one► Tonalpohualli (day count) calendar = 260 days ► Xiuhpohualli calendar = 365 days

- 18 months with 20 days

Click here to see what each day means in English.

http://www.ancientscripts.com/aztec.html



http://www.mexconnect.com/en/articles/3188-aztec-sunstone-or-aztec-calendar-mexico


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Teotihuacan

►Near México City

►Means “city of the gods” in Nahuatl

►Pyramids►Pyrmamid of the Moon and Pyramid of the

Sun

►50 pesos to enter►Daily tours 8-6 pm

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Pictures of Teotihuacan

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Tlateloco

►Sister city to Tenochtilan

►Huge markets were well known here

►People sold food, clothing, furniture, animalhides, etc.

►Major drought between 1454-57 which led to amass sacrifice of about 37 adults and 6

children.►Last battle ground of the Aztec and Spanish

war.

►40,000 Aztec people died.

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Tlateloco Ruins

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Tenochitlan

►Near México City

►Built on top of a lake and was a major battleground during the Aztec/ Spanish war.

►Temples were dedicated to Aztec gods andgoddesses

►Over 40 buildings can be found here

►Sun Pyramid is the best known building in thecity

►Founded in 1325 and was destroyed in 1521

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Mayan History

►Loved science especially astronomy

►Most ruins on Yucatan Peninsula and partsof Guatemala and Belize

►Palenque, Chichen Itza and Tulum mostcommon ruins

►

Famous for ball game called “Ulama” ►Used nearby cenotes for execution

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Mayan Calendar

► Ancient times they thought there were 360 days in a year.

► Had 18 days per month and there were 20 months.

► Five extra days were left and these came at the end of the calendarcycle.

► These extra days were considered to be unlucky.► What about 2012? – “the end of the world” according to the mayan

“long count calendar” which marks the end of a 5100 year era.

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Tulum Ruins

Only Mayan ruin near water Located about 30 miles south of Playa del

Carmen (Yucatan Peninsula)

small city inhabited by about 600 peoplewho lived in platform dwellings along a streetand who supervised the trade traffic.

Considered to be a walled city, most of the

inhabitants probably lived outside the walls,leaving the interior for the residences ofgovernors and priests and ceremonialstructures.

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Tulum Ruins Cont.

►The main god honored at Tulum is the"diving god," or "Descending God," seenon several buildings as an upside-down

figure above doorways.

►The largest and most important building atTulum is El Castillo (The Castle). Located

closest to the sea, it probably served as alandmark for sailors.

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Tulum Continued

►The Temple of the Frescoes, directly in frontof the Castillo, was used as an observatory fortracking the movements of the sun. It contains

interesting 13th-century frescoes, thoughvisitors are no longer permitted to enter.

►On the white-sand beach below El Castillo,where the Maya once came to land, tourists

can swim and sunbathe. Many combine a visitto the ruins with a swim in the Caribbean.

►Some of the best coral reefs in the world here

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Palenque Ruins

►Located in the jungle

►Lived here since 300 BC

►

Known for pottery►Water center for the mayan people

►35% of this ancient city has been excavated

►Temple of the inscriptions – described KingPakal’s family tree

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Palenque Ruins Pictures

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Chichen Itza►

Largest Mayan city of the YucatanPeninsula

► Settled by farmers in the 4thcentury

► Also a center of worship

► Ruler was Kukulkan► “New Zone” – Toltec Influence

► “Old Zone” – Puuc influence

► http://video.nationalgeographic.co

m/video/player/specials/ancient-mysteries/chichen-itza-temples.html (Video)

http://video.nationalgeographic.com/video/player/specials/ancient-mysteries/chichen-itza-temples.html












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El Castillo (Kukulcan Pyramid)

El Castillo (Kukulkan pyramid)

The architecture has a reference to the Mayancalendar. The four stairways leading up to the centralplatform each have 91 steps, making a total of 364;

added to the central platform this equals the 365 daysof the solar year.

On either side of each stairway are nine terraces,which makes 18 on each face of the pyramid, equalingthe number of months in the Maya solar calendar. On

the facing of these terraces are 52 panels, representingthe 52-year cycle when both the solar and religiouscalendars would become realigned.

http://www.sacred-destinations.com/mexico/chichen-itza







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Temple of the Warriors

The Templo de los Guerreros (Temple ofthe Warriors), named for the carvings ofwarriors marching along its walls. It's alsocalled the Group of the Thousand

Columns for the rows of broken pillars thatare there.

If the sun is in the right spot the shadows ofthe pillars form a straight line.

A figure of Chac-Mool sits at the top of thetemple, surrounded by impressive columnscarved in relief to look like enormousfeathered serpents.

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Chac Mool Pictures

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Ball Court at Chichen Itza

Home to at least nine ball courts, which hosted thefamous Mayan ball game. The largest one, the Juegode Pelota (Main Ball Court) is northwest of ElCastillo.

It is the largest and best-preserved ball court in theMayan world. Both walls are carved with scenesshowing Maya figures dressed as ball players anddecked out in heavy protective padding. There is also aheadless player kneeling with blood shooting from hisneck, while another player holding the head looks on.








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Cenotes

► Used for sacrificing and ceremonial purposes.

► Major source of water for the residence of Chichen Itza

► Men, women, and children were thrown alive into these

cenotes as a sacrifice to the gods in times of drought.► Many archeologist have found copper, gold, masks, cups

and even bones

► Most artifacts date back to 13th and 16th century AD

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El Caracol Observatory

El Caracol (The "Snail" or Observatory) wasconstructed over several centuries

the additions and modifications reflect the Mayas' carefulobservation of planet movements and increasingly exact

measurements. Through slits in the tower walls, Mayan astronomers

observed the cardinal directions, the approach of thespring and autumn equinoxes, as well as the summersolstice. Primarily used to track the planet Venus.

The Spanish name, which means "snail," was inspired bya spiral staircase inside.

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Caracol Observatory Pictures

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References► Google images

http://archaeology.about.com/od/archaeologic7/ig/Chichen-Itza/Sacred-Well--Chichen-Itza.htm

http://www.nowpublic.com/culture/aztec-pyramid-found-mexico-could-rewrite-history-0 http://www.aztec-history.net/tenochtitlan http://www.mexicologue.com/aztec-ruins-near-mexico-city.html http://www.sacred-destinations.com/mexico/chichen-itza

http://www.azteccalendar.com/azteccalendar.html http://www.earthmatrix.com/serie02/cuad02-8.htm http://www.webexhibits.org/calendars/calendar-mayan.html http://www.usatoday.com/tech/science/2007-03-27-maya-2012_n.htm http://www.sacred-destinations.com/mexico/chichen-itza www.ancientscripts.com http://archaeology.about.com/od/archaeologic7/ig/Chichen-Itza/Caracol--The-

Observatory.htm http://www.wsu.edu/~dee/CIVAMRCA/TEO.HTM http://video.nationalgeographic.com/video/player/specials/ancient-mysteries/chichen-itza-

temples.html



http://www.nowpublic.com/culture/aztec-pyramid-found-mexico-could-rewrite-history-0

http://www.aztec-history.net/tenochtitlan

http://www.mexicologue.com/aztec-ruins-near-mexico-city.html


http://www.azteccalendar.com/azteccalendar.html

http://www.earthmatrix.com/serie02/cuad02-8.htm

http://www.webexhibits.org/calendars/calendar-mayan.html

http://www.usatoday.com/tech/science/2007-03-27-maya-2012_n.htm


http://www.ancientscripts.com/

http://archaeology.about.com/od/archaeologic7/ig/Chichen-Itza/Caracol--The-Observatory.htm


http://www.wsu.edu/~dee/CIVAMRCA/TEO.HTM










http://www.wsu.edu/~dee/CIVAMRCA/TEO.HTM








http://www.ancientscripts.com/





















http://www.azteccalendar.com/azteccalendar.html










































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Mexica 6