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Unintended consequences of innovations
MFA Thesis,Herron School of Art and Design, 2010-11Designing a visual tool by conducting collaborative action research with PRIIO, a product innovation firm in India-napolis, that enables their working teams to identifypatterns in a complex social system. The goal is to help them understand the complexity in a social system by looking for patterns, causal relationships and connections and plan for a knowable future, which will lead to identification of unintended consequences of innova-tions.
an abandoned house after Katrina hurricane in 2005 in New Orleans. Picture taken in 2010
NEEDS/PROBLEMS RESEARCH DEVELOPMENT COMMERCIALIZATION
DIFFUSION &ADOPTION CONSEQUENCES
Innovation development process
[email protected] # 317.626.3580
Opportunity space
Social System
Diffusion of Innovations
Since human beings will always innovate, and the number of innovations will continue to grow, they are being added to already exist-ing natural and social systems, thereby adding to their complexity.
better understood by looking for patterns, connections and causal relationnships
Complexity in a social system
leads to leads to
surprising interactions and
unintended consequences
plan for a know-able future
MFA Thesis: Unintended consequences of innovations
Defining frameworks for formulating research problem
”
Personal masteryShared vision
ASPIRATIONSystems thinkingUNDERSTANDING COMPLEXITY
Mental ModelsDialogue
REFLECTIVE CONVERSATION
WORKING TEAM
Deming’s Core Capabilities of a Working Team
Jonathan Fish proposes that we are in need of an amplifying device because our mental resources for visual invention, as embodied in visual mental imagery, were originally better adapted for perceiving and acting on the immediate present, than for imagining the future.A visual tool, an external representation, fulfils this need.
Visual Tool Pattern Identification
I knew we environmentalists could no longer do what we had been doing. Focusing solely on environment did not suffice. We needed to fight for a larger kind of sustainability; one that took into account our social, economic and cultural sustainability as well as our ecological surroundings.
As I kept watching the news, I noticed that supplies from Walmart seemed to reach the victims faster than the federal government’s aid..the corporate sector has the incentives, operational know-how, scalability and ingenuity to respond to the global challenges we face today-social, economic, environ-mental, and cultural.
- Adam Werbach, Strategy for Sustain-ability
“
[email protected] # 317.626.3580
MFA Thesis: Unintended consequences of innovations
Conducting collaborative action researchAnalysis: understanding context
Participants in action and the data collected
Nature of meetings
An effective, not adaptive organization
Productivity: heirarchy in their structure
OWNER/CLIENTPARTICIPANTS
CLIENT
understand users
Clients act as informants of their users. They do this by giving them exmaples, incidents, events, etc.
CONTENT ROLES
CONTENT ROLES
Skills needed for the process of making change
MFA Thesis: User centered innovation for sanitation in India
Quicksand Design Studio, Summer Associate 2010Conducted design research on existing sanitation systems in a certain set of urban environments. Used existing systems to understand the current experience of users and used these insights in order to frame the area of inquiry
sense of future
collective action
Proposed area of inquiry
allocated funds
sense ofownership
MFA Thesis:
ignorance vs. inadequacy
igno
rance inadequacy
Ignorance and inadequacy of sanitation and sanitation facilities are factors that form a cause and effect rela-tionship, which needs to be broken apart to take action.
tiolets
people/users
community building
tiolets
people/users
community building
tiolets
people/users
community building
cleaners cleanersbuildingowner
localgovt.
electricitywater dept./water supply
Map of stakeholders of the system
[email protected] # 317.626.3580
User centered innovation for sanitation in India
MFA Thesis:
Quicksand Design Studio, Summer Associate 2010Conducted design research covering multiple stakeholders within the Right to Information ecosystem. Synthesized conversations into ideas for innovation.
RTI ecosystem
Right to Information (RTI) Act awareness in India
knows how to..
does not know how to..
File RTI application takes help from family/friends/NGOs
Application accepted
recieves a responsein 30 days
PIO refuses torecieve/accept RTI
application
PIO refuses/creates problems in recieving
application fees
File a compaint with the Information Commission
against the PIO
PIO misbehaves
satisfied with theinformation?
satisfied with theaction taken?
recieve information
RTI enactedsuccessfully
File First Appealwith the
First Appellate Authority
File Second Appealwith the
Central/State InformationCommission
YES
YES
YES
YES
NO
NO
NO
OR
NO
get a date of hearing
get a date of hearing
A citizen reacts to the government only when he/sheis hurt and decides to file an RTI application
tires out and frustrates the applicants
MFA Thesis:
tiolets
people/users
tiolets
people/users
tiolets
people/users
[email protected] # 317.626.3580
Right to Information (RTI) Act awareness in India
INFORMATION
files an application, and gets killed
start getting minimum wages in government work in repsonse to their applications
RIGHT TOINFORMATION
Direct
Helpline numbers
NGOs
Community
so what?/what next?
RTI utilization among citizens
tiolets
people/users
[email protected] # 317.626.3580
Right to Information (RTI) Act awareness in India
Framing opportunities
Central Information Commission RTI Activists Journalists People
Make as much information availaible to people as much is possible. This will reduce the burden of RTI applications
RTI Activists and Journalists should collaborate and use each others resources in order to spread RTI evenly throughout the country.
People should say no to bribery and ask for information more often, before they get hurt.People must become proactive and make use of the simple procedures to recieve information.Activists and Journalists must
establish common goals and aims and work unanimously. Example, journalists could empower the activists by using media strategically to make a stronger movement for Swaraj.
People, Activists, Journalists must collaborate to participate in democracy and engage in governance. We need to creatively think of activities where everyone should engage with the government and its decisions.
Take initiatives/launch campaigns/use media to provide information. They need to take the first step before anyone following them.
Make amendments in RTI applica-tions. One simple application should be made equal to demand for information, and furtehr appeals if information is not provided and penalise the PIO
Introduce one-stop RTI booths depending on factors like location, population, literacy rate, number of application filed, etc. This can be done by working together with groups of people and journalists/activists.
Supply Lines• Media: Once something is exposed to the public through media, people will start saying no to bribery for their legitimate rights• Education: RTI must be given importance and a place in education system to make it grow with the youth of our country• Citizen Engagement: Many cities outside India have started to use social media or Town hall Meetings to engage people with their daily governance.
RTI opportunity space• Uniform RTI awareness in the country• Centralized RTI service• RTI booths in villages to overcome illeteracy and language barrier• Central Information Commission, known as the watchdog should become proactive
people/users people/usersProactive
simple procedure
long procedure
Passive active(react when hurt)
tired, frustrated,hurt, killed
Proactive
simple procedure
long procedure
Passive active(react when hurt)
Current reality Desired reality
Collaborative studio project,Herron School of Art and Design, 2009-10Engaged in collaborative and cross-disciplinary innovation design process, identified and framed challenges from fuzzy situations, accounted for audiences and contexts including recognition of physical, cognitive, cultural and social human factors
building partnerships in the innovation cycle
Sustainable Power Community Awareness Initiative
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
PROBLEM FINDINGFACT FINDING
IDEATIONEVALUATE & SELECT
PLANSELL & ACCEPTACT / PRODUCE
PROBLEM DEFINITIONINNOVATION
WHEEL
PROCESS + PROCESS SKILLS
[email protected] # 317.626.3580
Sustainable power community awareness initiative
Initial ideations Real input from people From conception to reality
Homeowner Energy Action Training
Demonstrate cost-savIngs/ value with a fac
Community building through hpg
Hpg internet/interactive technologies
Hpg calculator
Showing the process from start to finish
Information art piece (solar power)
Kinetic art piece (wind power)
Mobile solar array (home test trial)
Open house as an Example
Digital read out on Outlets
Further Ideation Prototyping
IDEATIONS
ilitating tool
HOMEOWNERS
EXPERTS
Specific desired knowledge
Making at home
Building community
Technology barriers
Power spectrum
Legal/political implications
CONTEXT
QUALITATIVE ANALYSIS
STRENGTHS
+
WEAKNESSES
=
REFINEMENTS
Lose Your Electric Company
Pinwheels of Power
Neighborhood Wind Co-op
HPG Family Fun Kit
FINAL IDEAS
NEW & REFINED IDEAS
CONVERGED IDEAS
CONTEXT
+
IDEATIONS
Promotion
HOMEOWNER ENERGY ACTION TRAINING1. SAVE MONEY2. HARNESS ENERGY3. SAVE YOURSELVES
WWW.WEBSITENAME.ORGINDY’S ESSENTIAL GUIDE TO GENERATING POWER AT HOME.
Informaton Action
HOMEOWNER ENERGY ACTION TRAININGOFF-THE-GRID ACTIVITY #34
MORE ACTIVITIES @ WWW.WEBSITENAME.COMModi�ed from original instructions @ http://solarcooking.org/plans/windshield-cooker.htm
WINDSHIELD SHADE SOLAR FUNNEL COOKERThis activity is a simple way to make an instant
portable solar oven. Using a re�ective accordion-folded car windshield shade, you can turn it into a version of the solar funnel, by simply sewing on
little Velcro tabs to the long notched side.
MATERIALS NEEDED– Re�ective accordion-folding car sunshade– Cake rack (or wire frame or grill)– 12 cm. (4 ½ in.) of Velcro– Black pot– Bucket or plastic wastebasket– Plastic baking bag
1 Lay the sunshade out with the notched side toward you, as above.2 Cut the Velcro into three pieces, each about 4 cm. or 1 ½ inches long.
3 Hand sew one half of each piece, evenly spaced, onto the edge to the left of the notch;
sew the matching half of each piece onto the underneath side to the right of the notch,
so that they �t together when the two sides are brought together to form a funnel.
(Alternatively, use adhesive-backed velcro to avoid sewing.)
4 Bring the two edges of the sunshade together and press the Velcro pieces together. 5 Set the funnel on top of a bucket or wastebasket.6 Place the cake rack in the funnel, resting on the edges
of the wastebasket.
8 Face open face of cooker in direction of sun.9 For extra support in windy conditions, place a rigid brace (stick, plastic pipe, dowel rod, etc.) between
walls of funnel
5oc eb ot doof htiw( top kcalb a ecalP
oked in it) inside a plastic baking bag.6 Tie the bag loosely with string or twist tie.7 Place pot and bag onto cake rack.
hand sew velcro strips
rigid bracefor support
plastic baking bag (reusable)
velcro strips attached to opposite sides of sunshadebring edges of sunshade together
black pot
HOMEOWNER ENERGY ACTION TRAININGOFF-THE-GRID ACTIVITY #34
MORE ACTIVITIES @ WWW.WEBSITENAME.COMModi�ed from original instructions @ http://solarcooking.org/plans/windshield-cooker.htm
WINDSHIELD SHADE SOLAR FUNNEL COOKERThis activity is a simple way to make an instant
portable solar oven. Using a re�ective accordion-folded car windshield shade, you can turn it into a version of the solar funnel, by simply sewing on
little Velcro tabs to the long notched side.
MATERIALS NEEDED– Re�ective accordion-folding car sunshade– Cake rack (or wire frame or grill)– 12 cm. (4 ½ in.) of Velcro– Black pot– Bucket or plastic wastebasket– Plastic baking bag
1 Lay the sunshade out with the notched side toward you, as above.2 Cut the Velcro into three pieces, each about 4 cm. or 1 ½ inches long.
3 Hand sew one half of each piece, evenly spaced, onto the edge to the left of the notch;
sew the matching half of each piece onto the underneath side to the right of the notch,
so that they �t together when the two sides are brought together to form a funnel.
(Alternatively, use adhesive-backed velcro to avoid sewing.)
4 Bring the two edges of the sunshade together and press the Velcro pieces together. 5 Set the funnel on top of a bucket or wastebasket.
6 Place the cake rack in the funnel, resting on the edges of the wastebasket.
8 Face open face of cooker in direction of sun.9 For extra support in windy conditions, place a rigid brace (stick, plastic pipe, dowel rod, etc.) between walls of funnel
5 Place a black pot (with food to be cooked in it) inside a plastic baking bag.6 Tie the bag loosely with string or twist tie.7 Place pot and bag onto cake rack.
hand sew velcro strips
rigid bracefor support
plastic baking bag (reusable)
velcro strips attached to opposite sides of sunshadebring edges of sunshade together
black pot
Design research project,Herron School of Art and Design, 2009-10Conducted qualitative research collection, analysis and syn-thesis, created and designed research tools, interdisciplin-ary collaboration, conducted people centered design research in order to enhance the experience of the commu-nity center users
visiting Hawthorne community center
Hawthorne Community Center experience design
Sampling process (for participants selection)
PARENTLATINOS
CHILDRENWORKING FAMILIES PROGRAM
LATINO FAMILY
CHILDREN : 8–13
WORKING FAMILES PROGRAM
INTERACTIONCHILDREN
STAFF PARTNER
PARTICIPANT FAMILY
research ideal research Hawthorneinterests participants concentration partners
[email protected] # 317.626.3580
Hawthorne Community Center experience design
Tool development Analysis in action
Making sense of it all
The design research tools developed for the children’s experi-ence, were designed to understand how Hawthorne empowers the social and intellectual skills of children in different age groups.
We developed the tools keeping in mind the respective age of each child. We tried to be cautious of not overwhelming the kids. We made sure that the tools given to them werefun, and did not appear to be boring. We also kept in mind the short attention span of the average child. A disposable camera, a diary scrapbook, and a card game were given to the children.
Each tool was designed specifically for one of these three age groups:• Preschooler (3–5 years old): one 4-year-old sample• Middle childhood (6–8 years old): one 8-year-old sample• Middle childhood (9–11 years old): one 9-year-old sample, one 10-year-old sample
It was evident from data analysis and synthesis that there were
opportunities for having meaningful family experiences, for the
kids to realize their full potential, and to explore opportunities
which were outside of their fixed routines. By taking part in
meaningful family experiences, the kids could not only build an
identity for themselves, but also learn in the process and move
towards a state of ideal sensibility coupled with independent
creativity.Participatory Research Tools: Camera, Diary, Card Game (top-down)
Analysis in action: The frameworks used to analyze data were description, interpretation and opportunity. Description is used to describe what can be seen, dismissing any assumptions. Interpretation is used to explain what is described. Opportunity is used to find and identify gaps where we can problem-solve or fulfill requirements. One of the ways of doing this process is by using different colored post-it notes which helps in visual communication of the three categories.
[email protected] # 317.626.3580
Hawthorne Community Center experience design
Spotting opportunities Proposed solution
Mutual learning through lived experience is a model for integrating English skills and confidence building into everyday experience As a result of experi-ences gained through design research methodologies, this solution matrix is framed within the lived experience of clients in the Working Families Program at Hawthorne Community Center. By using lived experience to facilitate the teaching of English skills, parents will gain much-needed practical knowledge, while children will learn about planning, decision-making and self-reliance.
Opportunity Areas and ChallengeMeaningful experience starting points:• slower-paced environment• outdoor activities• one-on-one time between parent and child• creating together• activities for entire family• experiences that expand children’s future possi-bilities• meet new people/professionals
Family members
range of unique interactions
experience a limited Family schedule dictated by work
and routine
Family does not engage in
activities outside of daily routines
Children do not realize full range of future possibilities
Family does not spend time together
at Hawthorne
How might Hawthorne provide or facilitate meaningful family
routine experience
family life with limited external interaction
and stimulation
Potentialchildren’s ability to succeed and pursue success throughout
development
parentschildren
learning context
nature of acti vity
example activities
motivations
auditory
cds and audio cassettes with popular music sung in both English and Spanish
children teach English-language song to parents in form of sing-along
visual
popular english-language movies with corresponding �ash cards or activity sheets
video games teaching English through game play
tactile
scrap books and scavenger hunts for parks and other outdoor areas
sticker books and scrap books for shopping and other regular activities
roles
vision
children promoters, facilitators and educators
parents willing recipients, students, participants
hawthorne distributors, administrators, motivators
Popular music is enjoyed by the entire family. It is not considered a burden or obligation to participate with.
planning
As part of the after school program, teachers will facilitate the children in planning and choosing activities according to interest and abilities. A reward system, such as a token economy, will be used to encourage participation and follow-through.
children decision-makers, planners
parents supporters
hawthorne facilitators, administrators
Recognition and rewards will be the most immediate motivators. The ability for children to make independent decisions will serve as further motivation.
Evening television is shared by the entire family and viewed as a relaxing activity.
Fun, outdoor activities are desired by the entire family. A sense of adventure will be experienced through experiencing new activities and new locations.
children promoters, facilitators and educators
parents willing recipients, students, participants
hawthorne distributors, administrators, motivators
children promoters, facilitators and educators
parents willing recipients, students, participants
hawthorne distributors, administrators, motivators
in the car at hawthorne at home during the weekend
conceptual model for program developmentidentifying context, activities, motivations and roles
hawt ho r n
Human computer interaction design project, School of Informatics2009-10Conceptualized modeling of the user experience and the information architecture design, applied ethnographic investigation and contextual design for interactive systems,ensured usability of the interactive application
ethnographic investigation at a grocery shopping store
Grocery shopping experience design
List of key requirements:Save Money•Engage a money saving shopping paradigm
List Creation•Shopper should be aided in shopping list creation; Dynamically during shopping or web interface
Form Factor•Convenient to carry in cart with other items•Durable to withstand spilled foods and/or dropping•Scanner for scanning UPC codes
Time Savings•Facilitate quick check out•The time the device takes to set up and work should also be a factor. A key user need is to save time.
Aid In Shopping•Provide the shopper with recipes•Make non-obtrusive suggestions•In-store location awareness, helps find items•The device should include basic tools for adding prices while shopping, finding recipe and food infor-mation
[email protected] # 317.626.3580
Grocery shopping experience design
Flow models for task analysis Low fidelity prototypes
High fidelity prototypes
Physical model Cultural model
Log-in Screen Main List Screen Change Quantity Screen
Log-in Screen Main List Screen Change Quantity Screen
Citizen engagement project focusing on web 2.0 toolsSPEA & Mayor’s Office, Indianapolis, 2009-10Assisted Dr. Alfred Tat-Kei Ho on a Citizen Engagement Project focused on communication methods, brand manage-ment, marketing strategies and citizen engagement strate-gies in an effort to improve city government by integrating citizen input into city performance measurement initiatives
proposed website homepage design
New governance thinking in government strategies
Citizen engagement strategies
High confiden ality and sensi vity
Low confiden ality and sensi vity
Monopoly of informa on
Diffused ownership of informa on
Centralized control by the Informa on Department or selected departments
Coordinated departmental
efforts
Public-private partnership
Total ci zen ownership and
community-ini ated efforts
Reebok Headquarters, IndiaGraphic Designer, 2007-09>>Designed and developed merchandising concepts in col-laboration with Brand Marketing Team and Store Opera-tions to build impactful visual presentations to enhance customer exerience>>Monitored & supervised all VM activities and executions in time; ensure in store signage and visuals are timely up-dated and are in best of the conditions. Worked closely with product designers, managers, and store staff>>Designed, developed and communicated visual books, day-to-day visual tools of all initiatives and primary liaison to the field for all categories (Performance, Lifestyle, Women, Kids)
in-store graphic for a performance store
Graphic design, retail merchandising
[email protected] # 317.626.3580
Graphic design, retail merchandising
Retail in-store graphics and displays
Reebok Juniors category Promotional POS
Reebok Lifestyle category
Riverbank Studios,Graphic Designer, 2006-07Designed and developed websites, 3D animations, bro-chures and DVD covers. Aided editors at the studio in plan-ning and execution of television episodes.
Riverbank Studios was set up in 1973 by internationally recognized filmmaker Mike H Pandey. Based in New Delhi with over 35 years of experience in filmmaking, the studio is a wholly integrated set up equipped to handle the entire film pipeline from pre-production, production to post production including animation and VFX.
Websites, emailers and DVD covers
Website design
Website design
Graphic design