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Michael Minges and Tim KellyThe views expressed are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the opinions of the ITU or its membership. The authors can be
contacted at [email protected] and [email protected].
ITU Internet Case Studies
• Seek to understand factors which accelerate or retard the development of the Internet in different environments
• Obtain market information• Through comparative analysis, advise policy
makers and regulatory agencies • Analyze spread of Internet in different sectors
of the economy such as health, education and commerce as well as government
• The first round of studies include Uganda, Nepal, Egypt and Bolivia.
Uganda Overview
Population 22 million% Population < 14 50%Life expectancy <40 yearsRural population 85%Population in capital 4%GDP per capita ~ US$ 300 (LDC)Adult literacy 64%
Households withelectricity
4%
Source: ITU from World Bank, UBOS data.
Telecom policy
• Reformed, privatized and liberalized
• Private mobile operator – CelTel, May ‘95
• Regulator created – UCC, 1998
• Second network operator introduced – MTN Uganda, Oct. ‘98
• Incumbent part-privatized – UTL, Feb. 2000
P. Masambu, Executive Director, UCC
Telecom market
• Low fixed penetration– Low investment, high
tariffs
• Rising mobile penetration– 2 operators, pre-paid,
foreign investment
• First African country where mobile>fixed
0.67
0.39
0.290.25
0.210.16
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
'94 '95 '96 '97 '98 '99
Fix
ed
Mobile
Per 100 inhabitants
Telephone subscribers, Uganda (000s)
Source: ITU from UTL, MTN, CelTel data.
Internet market
• Status– 8 licenses issued, 4 active
ISPs– Incumbent not yet providing
ISP service– 4’000 subscribers, ~25’000
users– Foreign investment– Wireless Internet could prove
significant
• Recommendation– ISPs should peer locally,
perhaps via an independent Internet exchange point
Internet tariffs
• Status– Not many options– Telephone usage
charges– Long distance outside
Kampala
• Recommendations– A nationwide dial code
for Internet access should be established
– Revenue-sharing of telephone calls charges should be encouraged
020406080
100120140160
Dial-up Internet access charges, US$ per month
ISP charge
Telephone usage
Telephone subscription
30 hours per monthSource: ITU from UTL, InfoCom data.
Donor projects
Donor CounterpartUS AID Makerere Univ.World Bank Min. EducationDenmark UBOSCanada UCSTItaly Min. HealthUNESCO UCSTADB Makerere Univ.ADB Min. HealthNorway Makerere Univ.
• Status
– A number of IT projects are taking place with the assistance of bi-lateral and multi-lateral donor agencies and different sectors of Uganda government
• Recommendation
– Greater co-ordination of these different efforts is required
International & BilateralIT projects for Uganda
Source: ITU adapted from various.
Public Access• Status
– No explicit policy for Internet
– Telephone line & payphone targets
– Around 10 cybercafés in Kampala
– Uganda Posts provides e-mail in 3 towns
– Donor projects
• Recommendations– Emphasis should be
placed on developing public access points such as telecentres, cybercafés, utilising for instance existing community locations such as post offices, schools, health centres, etc.
Domain name
• Status– Uganda OnLine
registrar– Registration US$50
per year
58
1730
113
139
1995 1997 1999
• Recommendations– Registrar should be
neutral– Costs should
encourage development of web sites in Uganda
Uganda (.ug) hosts
Source: ITU adapted from Network Wizards.
Sector absorption
Distribution of Internet Users
Source: Charles Musisi, March 1999
Business 40%
Academic 25%
NGOs, UN,
World Bank,
etc. 30%
Govern-ment 5%
• Recommendations– Awareness
• Promoting Internet through seminars, trade shows etc.
– Content• Local content in
local languages– E-Government
• Government ministries should get on line
– E-Commerce• Creation of an e-
Commerce task force
State of Internet Uganda
0
1
2
3
4Pervasiveness
Dispersion
Absorption
Connectivity
Organizational
Sophistication
Note: Range is 0 = (non-existent) to 4 (highly developed)
Source: ITU adapted from Mosaic Group.
www.itu.int/ti/casestudies/