Micro- and Small-Scale Cogeneration and Trigeneration Berliner Energieagentur GmbH COGENERA, Ciudad de México, November 13th of 2012 Johan Grope

Micro- and Small-Scale Cogeneration and Trigeneration

Berliner Energieagentur GmbH

COGENERA, Ciudad de México, November 13th of 2012

Johan Grope

Micro- and Small- Scale Cogeneration and Trigeneration

© Berliner Energieagentur GmbH, 20122

Contents

Berliner Energieagentur (BEA)

Motivation for Micro- and Small-Scale Co- and Trigeneration

International Experience: Focus Germany

Conclusion




Established in 1992 as Public Private Partnership

Shareholders Federal State of Berlin Vattenfall Europe GASAG KfW Banking Group

Capital stock2.5 million €

Annual total output About 11.2 million €

Company earnings (EBIT)834 k €

Know-how55 members of staff

Energy Services Consulting (National & International) Contracting

Based in Französische Straße 2310117 BerlinPhone: (030) 29 33 30 - 0e-mail: [email protected]: www.berliner-e-agentur.de

BEA – Facts and Figures




Energy Services Consulting:

Advice on all aspects of efficient energy use for customers from industry and commerce as well as the housing, service and public sector

International Know-how Transfer:

Transfer of successful models of efficient use of energy and of the deployment of renewable energy to developing markets

Contracting:

Planning, financing, construction, and operation of CHP and heat stations, of special supply components such as emergency power, cooling energy and compressed air, solar energy as well as lighting systems

Generation Data at about 90 sites in the region of Berlin 54 CHP-units (incl. 5 micro-CHP), annual electricity generation approx. 12,000 MWh direct electricity supply for around 2,500 households in Berlin CO2 savings of more than 5,000 t/a

BEA – Facts and Figures




Contents




Conclusion




6

(Fast) Growing energy demand and slow increase of energy capacity supply lead to capacity gaps

Fluctuating energy supply due to increasing share of renewable energy sources lead to capacity gaps

increasing risk of blackouts

security of energy supply is a mayor issue in many countries

Same Challenges in Most Changing Energy Markets Worldwide



7

Security of energy supply

High and rising energy prices

Energy access in remote areas

Energy efficiency and emission reduction

Benefits from Micro- and Small-Scale Co- and Trigeneration

Additional flexible, decentralized power generation (e.g. cogeneration and trigeneration) customized to the local demand helps solving the challenges and leads to an increasing quality of energy supply for consumer

Challenges for many developing and emerging countries:



8

electric capacity

one/two-family-house, commercial sector

apartment buildings, commercial sector,

hotels, nursing homes

Senertec

D

MicroGen

UK

field tests

1 – 2 kWel

Micro Mini

< 15 kWel 15 kWel … 50 kWel

established

5.5 kWel

2G

D

marketable

25 – 48 kWel

Honda

Japan

established

1 kWel

Fuel Cell

D. CH

field tests

since 2000

Small

50 kWel … 2 MWel

established

1 kWel - 5 MWel

CHP Block

Diesel

CHP Block

Otto

established

5 kWel - 20 MW kWel

industrial sector, commercial sector, hotels,

nursing homes,

field of application

Focus on Customized Energy Supply for Each Individual Consumer



9

source: cesenergy, 2010

Focus on Customized Energy Supply for Each Individual Consumer

cooling energy for air conditioning or industrial purposes in buildings

absorption chillers powered only by heat

up to 30% less of primary energy needed compared to compression refrigerating production

higher investment costs compared to compression chiller units

economical use depends on concrete business conditions

Trigeneration:



10

GIZ-Study on the Mexican Market and International Best Practice

Joint study with Mexican consultants GARANI Asesores en Sustentabilidad, S.C.

Objectives BEA:• Identify international best practices (e.g. policies and support

mechanisms) • Elaborate recommendations for Mexico based on the analysis

of local conditions and international experiences (best practices).

Project-period: November-December 2012

“Micro- and Small-Scale Cogeneration and Trigeneration: International Best Practices and Recommendations for Mexico”



11

Contents




Conclusion




12

Countries with Significant CHP Capacity (Small and Large Scale)

Source: IEA 2008

Study will focus on:

• Significant capacity of small-scale CHP

• Similar conditions to Mexico



13

Energy sources

Rise in Energy Prices – Germany

Electricity

Increasing interest in decentralized energy supply due to high energy prices

Graphics: EnergieAgentur.NRW



14

Energy Concept of the Federal Government (September 2010)

CO2 emissions reduction until 2020 by 40 %, until 2050 by 80 to 95 % (reference year: 1990)

Reduction of primary energy consumption until 2020 by 20 %,until 2050 by 50 % (reference year: 2008)

RES‘ share of final energy consumption to 18 % until 2020, to 60 % until 2050

German Energy Policy Targets – Challenges for energy supply security

Energy Transition Power capacity gap: 8,5 GW of nuclear power capacity retired in 2011,

remaining 11,5 GW capacity will be retired by 2022 (original share: more than 20 % of generation capacity)


rising risk of blackouts!



15

Legal and Funding Framework – Selection

Renewable Energy Heat Act

Renewable Energy Heat Act

Renewable Energy Sources Act

Renewable Energy Sources Act

IncentiveProgramme

Mini-CHP

IncentiveProgramme

Mini-CHP

CHP ActCHP Act

Heating Costs Ordinance

Heating Costs Ordinance

Public Bank (KfW) Support Programmes

Public Bank (KfW) Support Programmes

Decentralized Energy Supply

Decentralized Energy Supply

Energy Tax ActEnergy Tax Act



16

0

0,5

1

1,5

2

2,5

3

3,5

4

2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

Year

Ele

ctr

icit

y p

rod

uce

d f

rom

CH

P-u

nit

s w

ith

<

1 M

Wel

< 1 MWel

< 50 kWel

Energy Production From Small-CHP is Increasing over the Last Years

TWh/a

Source: BEA, Prognos



17

0,0

2,5

5,0

7,5

10,0

12,5

15,0

17,5

20,0

22,5

elek

tris

che

Leis

tung

in M

W

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

450

Anza

hl

elektrische Leistung

Anzahl

Source: BAFA 2011

Dynamic Growth of Decentralized CHP (< 50 kWel) in Berlin

Ins

tall

ed

Ca

pa

cit

y i

n M

Wel

Installed capacity

CHP-units

CH

P-u

nit

s [

-]

installed capacity

CHP-units (< 50 kWel)



18

BEA CHP-Units

BEA in Berlin trailblazer in decentralized CHP for over 15 years

54 installed plants

CO2-savings of over 5,000 t/a

Direct electricity supply of over 2,500 households

Application in residential buildings, commercial sector, public sector



19

City Carré / Commerzbank, Commercial Complex, Berlin

Heated floor space approx. 36,000 m2

Shopping mall, offices and hotel

CHP unit in existing heating system

Start of supply: 2006

Technical data:

CHP unit with 50 kWel and 97 kWth

Environmental effects:

Amount of energy savings 548 MWh/a

Reduction of CO2 emissions: 200 t/a

CHP – Best Practice



20

Main Fire Station ofBerlin’s Fire Department

Thermal output: 2,200 MWh/a Electric output: 1,440 MWh/a Heat requirement: 4,000 MWh/a Heating surface approx. 21,500 m²

Technical data: Biogas CHP: 240 kWel / 367 kWth

Project outcome: Environmental relief: 1,350 t CO2/a

CO2 neutral heat and electricity production

Biogas CHP – Best Practice



21

Service and commercial complex,40,000 m²

Natural gas boiler running at low temperature: 1,900 kW

2 natural gas operated CHP units: each 120 kWel,214 kWth

Absorption chiller unit: 350 kW

Emergency current: 220 kVA

Amount of enery savings 2,500 MWh p.a.

CO2 savings: 700 t p.a.

Königstadt-T

errassen Schönhauser A

llee, B

erlin-Prenzlauer B

erg

Gas-absorption chiller (C

arrier, LiBr, single-lift)

Service complex “Königstadt-Terrassen”

Trigeneration – Best Practice



22

Demand for space heating and hot water generation

© Berliner Energieagentur GmbH



23

demand absorption chiller

Demand for space heating, hot water generation and absorption chiller




24

Covering of the heating demand

Boiler

Block CHP




25

Energy ServiceCompany

(Contractor)Customer

Local Gas Supplier

Local Electricity Utility

re-feed-ing

back-up supply

energy servicesenergy services

financing, planning, construction & operation of energy systems heating cooling electricity emergency power

Energy Services – General Project Scheme



26

Contents




Conclusion




27

Conclusions

Micro- and small-scale cogeneration helps overcoming capacity gaps and electricity grid fluctuations

Systems are suitable for variety of applications

Emergency power supply

Supply of multiple energy types to complex buildings (hospitals, shopping malls)

Range of policy instruments supported market development

Energy Performance Contracting can help overcoming existing barriers

Lessons learnt (in Germany and other countries) can help establishing a market of decentralized CHP in Mexico ( current study for GIZ)



28

[email protected]

Thank You for Your Attention!

Further Information later on Locationor please contact:



29

Backup



30

Policy target: 25 % of Energy supply from CHP-Units until 2020 (today: 15 %)

Priority for grid connection, purchase and transmission of electricity from CHP

Consistent fee paid per kWh by grid operators for the total amount of the generated electricity

Share of the costs by all end customers: 0,03 ct/kWhel in 2011

Special promotion of district heating grids and storage tanks

CHP Act (KWK-G) – Key Issues



31

Financing for Energy Services (Financing via ESCO)

ESCO provides : Financing Planning and installation of

energy saving measures Guarantee of savings

Customer F IESCO Debt Service

CreditInvestment

Remunerationof Services



32

Financing for Energy Services (Customer Finance)

ESCO provides : Planning and installation of

energy saving measures Guarantee of savings

Credit / LoanCustomer

Debt Service

F I

ESCORepayment of Services

Guarantee of Incomes

Guarantee of Savings

Investment Money (1x)



33

Climate conditions in Germany differ

moderate climate in Germany with 7 month heating period



34

Getrennte Erzeugung vs. KWK



35



36

In summer trigeneration units can produce cooling energy for air conditioning or industrial purposes

“Thermal compressor” powered by heat – absorption chillers provide energy for cooling systems with far less electricity

Main advantage: best way to use waste heat or CHP in summer

Up to over 50% less of primary energy needed compared to compression refrigerating production

But higher investment costs compared to compression chiller units

Trigeneration – Basic Principle

economical use depends on concrete business conditions

Heat

Cold



37

Benefits from Micro- and Small-Scale Co- and Trigeneration

space heating cooling and hot water generation

about 2,800 full load hours per year

about 5,500 full load hours per year

about 400 full load hours per year



38

Promotion of Renewable Energy Sources and Energy Efficiency

are two pillars of the German energy policy

High dependence on energy imports (70 % in total)

66 % Hard Coal

80 % Natural Gas

96 % Petroleum

100 % Uranium

Source: BMWi

Energy Supply – Germany



39

StirlingMotor

FuelCell

Block CHP (Otto)

Block CHP (Diesel)

SteamTurbines

GasTurbines

Gas and Steam CHP

Thermal Capacity2.5 …

100 kW2 kW …150 MW

7 kW …6 MW

10 kW …25 MW

1.500 kW …2,500 MW

50 kW …700 MW

30 …800 MW

Electric Power1 …

40 kW1 kW …100 MW

1 kW …5 MW

5 kW …20 MW

500 kW …> 1,000 MW

25 kW …350 MW

20 … 700 MW

Total Utilisation Ratio up to 0.85 up to 0.9 up to 0.9 up to 0.9 up to 0.9 up to 0.85 up to 0.9

Electric Utilisation Ratio 0.1 … 0.3 0.3 … 0.47 0.25 … 0.42 0.28 … 0.44 0.15 … 0.25 0.25 … 0.3 0.3 .. 0.45

CHP Coefficient 0.4 0.3 … 0.7 0.4 … 1.1 0.5 … 1.1 0.1 … 0.4 0.3 … 0.6 0.4 … 1.0

Part Load Performance suboptimal very good good good good suboptimal suboptimal

State of the Technology Small Series Pilot Plants established established established established established

Usual Fuel Gas, Wood Gas Gas Diesel (Gas) Coal, Waste Gas, Diesel Gas (Coal)



40

Annual Increment of Mini-Cogeneration in Germany

Source: Bafa 2011

Nu

mb

er

of

inst

alle

d m

ini-C

HP

-Pla

nts

in G

erm

an

y

Documents

Micro- and Small-Scale Cogeneration and Trigeneration Berliner Energieagentur GmbH COGENERA, Ciudad de México, November 13th of 2012 Johan Grope