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Microbial NutritionMicrobial Nutrition
I. I. IntroductionIntroduction
II. II. Makeup of microbial protoplasmMakeup of microbial protoplasm
III. III. Nutrients and their sourcesNutrients and their sources
IV. Classification of microorganisms byIV. Classification of microorganisms by
nutrition typenutrition type
V. V. Nutrient transportNutrient transport
IntroductionIntroduction
A change of paradigm: bacteria asA change of paradigm: bacteria as
______________________ organisms______________________ organisms
DefinitionsDefinitions____________________ -- Acquisition of nutrients -- Acquisition of nutrients
NutrientNutrient -- Substance taken up by cell from -- Substance taken up by cell from
environment and used in _______________environment and used in _______________
Chemical Composition of an E. coli cellChemical Composition of an E. coli cell% Total Weight % Dry Wei
Organic Compounds___________ 15 50Nucleic acids
RNA 6 ___________DNA 1 3
Carbohydrates 3 10Lipids 2 Not determinedMiscellaneous 2 Not determined
Inorganic Compounds____________ 70 --All others 1 3
Elements__________ -- 50Oxygen -- 20Nitrogen -- 14Hydrogen -- 8Phosphorus -- 3Sulfur -- 1Potassium -- 1Sodium -- 1Calcium -- 0.5Magnesium -- 0.5Chloride -- 0.5Iron -- 0.2Manganese, zinc,molybdenum, copper,cobalt
-- 0.3
Organic vs. Inorganic NutrientsOrganic vs. Inorganic Nutrients
OrganicOrganic nutrients -- Contain ____________, nutrients -- Contain ____________,often derived from living things.often derived from living things.
InorganicInorganic nutrients -- Everything that’s not nutrients -- Everything that’s not
____________________
Nutrients, their Uses & SourcesNutrients, their Uses & Sources
_____, proteins, lipids, ______ __________, proteins, lipids, ______ _____
SameSame
__________, also free protons in cell__________, also free protons in cell
____________, nucleic acids____________, nucleic acids
Nucleic acids, _________________Nucleic acids, _________________
Proteins, vitaminsProteins, vitamins
____________ activation____________ activation
SameSame
Cell wall stabilization, ___________Cell wall stabilization, ___________
Osmotic balanceOsmotic balance
________________ ____________________________ ____________
_______, organic _______, organic
Water, OWater, O22 gas gas
Water, organic Water, organic
NHNH33, NO, NO33--, N, N22, ,
_____________ PO_____________ PO
HH22S, SOS, SO44, org , org cmpdscmpds
KK++
MgMg2+2+
CaCa2+2+
NaNa++
FeFe3+3+, org. Fe complexes, org. Fe complexes
Carbon
Oxygen
Hydrogen
Nitrogen
Phosphorous
Sulfur
Potassium
Magnesium
Calcium
Sodium
Iron
Element Use in cell Main sources
Previous nutrients all consideredPrevious nutrients all considered“___________________” -- needed in“___________________” -- needed inrelatively large quantities in cell.relatively large quantities in cell.
MicronutrientsMicronutrients -- elements needed in relatively-- elements needed in relativelysmall quantities, e.g. small quantities, e.g. ZnZn, Mb, Cu, , Mb, Cu, MnMn, , NiNi..
_________________ factors_________________ factors -- organic compounds-- organic compoundsrequired in very small amounts. Cannot berequired in very small amounts. Cannot be__________________ by a cell. e.g. vitamins,__________________ by a cell. e.g. vitamins,
amino acidsamino acids..
Classification of Microorganisms by NutritionType
Classification of Microorganisms by NutritionType
CarbonCarbon source source vsvs. . ________________________ source source•• Humans get both from _________ source Humans get both from _________ source
•• Plants do not, however, deriving their carbon from Plants do not, however, deriving their carbon from
__________ and their energy from ____________.__________ and their energy from ____________.
TrophTroph” -- _______” -- _______
Classification of Microorganisms by Nutrition Type (contClassification of Microorganisms by Nutrition Type (cont
Classification by Classification by carboncarbon source source
–– HeterotrophsHeterotrophs -- C source is ________ ________ -- C source is ________ ________
–– AutotrophsAutotrophs -- C source is ___________-- C source is ___________
Classification by Classification by energyenergy source source
–– PhototrophsPhototrophs -- energy source is -- energy source is __________________
–– ChemotrophsChemotrophs -- energy source is -- energy source is ____________________
•• ChemoorganotrophsChemoorganotrophs -- -- organicorganic chemicals chemicals
•• ChemolithotrophsChemolithotrophs -- -- inorganicinorganic chemicals (minerals) chemicals (minerals)
Common Combination TermsCommon Combination Terms
Nutritional Group Carbon Source Energy Source
Chemolithoautotrophs Carbon dioxide Inorganic chemicals
Chemoorganoheterotrophs Organic compounds Organic chemicals
Photoautotrophs Carbon dioxide Light
Photoheterotrophs Organic compounds Light