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8/7/2019 micropara report
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/micropara-report 1/6
INTERACTIONS AMONGINTERACTIONS AMONG
PATHOGENS, HOSTS,PATHOGENS, HOSTS,
AND THE ENVIRONMENTAND THE ENVIRONMENT
Pathogen Host Environment
Virulence
Portal of entry
Number of
organisms that
enter the body
Health statusNutritional
status
Other factors
pertaining to
susceptibility of the host
Physical factorsAvailability of
reservoirs,
intermediate hosts,
and vectors
Sanitary and housingconditions; adequate
waste disposal
Availability of potable
water
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CHAIN OF INFECTIONCHAIN OF INFECTION
There must be:
1. A pathogen
2.A source of the pathogen
3. A portal of exit
4. A mode of transmission
5.A portal of entry
6. A susceptible host
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CHAIN OF INFECTIONCHAIN OF INFECTION
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RESERVOIRS OF INFECTIONRESERVOIRS OF INFECTION
(Living Reservoirs)(Living Reservoirs)y Human carriers
- passive carrier carry without havingdisease
- incubatory carrier transmit duringincubation period
- convalescent carrier transmit while recoveringfrom the disease
- active carrier carry after fully recovering
y Animals
- zoonotic diseases or
zoonoses
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y Arthropods
- vectors