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Microprocessadores Conceitos Importantes-Roberto Ziller

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Page 1: Microprocessadores Conceitos Importantes-Roberto Ziller

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Page 72: Microprocessadores Conceitos Importantes-Roberto Ziller

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25*��HQGHUHoR!

2� VtPEROR� 25*� YHP� GD� SDODYUD� LQJOHVD� RULJLQ�� (VWD� GLUHWLYD� HVWDEHOHFH� RHQGHUHoR�HP�TXH�R�DVVHPEOHU�FRORFDUi�D�SUy[LPD�LQVWUXomR�RX�YDULiYHO�JOREDO�e� XWLOL]DGD� SDUD� GHWHUPLQDU� R� HQGHUHoR� LQLFLDO� GR� SURJUDPD� H� D� SRVLomR� GHRXWURV� WUHFKRV�GH�FyGLJR��TXDQGR�VH�GHVHMD�TXH� HVWHV� UHVLGDP�QXP�HQGHUHoREHP� GHWHUPLQDGR�� FRPR� QR� FDVR� GRV� WUDWDGRUHV� GH� LQWHUUXSomR�� 4XDQGRVHJXLGD� SRU� XPD� GDV� GLUHWLYDV� GH� UHVHUYD� GH� iUHD� GH� PHPyULD� YLVWDV� DFLPD�VHUYH� SDUD� GHWHUPLQDU� D� SRVLomR� GH� XPD� iUHD� GH� GDGRV��8P� SURJUDPD� SRGHFRQWHU�YiULDV�GLUHWLYDV�25*�2�HQGHUHoR�SRGH� VHU� IRUQHFLGR�QD� IRUPD�DEVROXWD� �XP�YDORU��JHUDOPHQWH� HPKH[DGHFLPDO��RX�UHODWLYD�j�SRVLomR�GD�OLQKD�DWXDO��FXMR�HQGHUHoR�p�UHSUHVHQWDGRSHOR�VtPEROR�$��3RU�H[HPSOR� ORG 2000H

UHIHUH�VH�j�SRVLomR�GH�PHPyULD�FXMR�HQGHUHoR�p�����+�H ORG $+100

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3HUPLWH�DVVRFLDU�XP�QRPH�D�XP�YDORU��3RU�H[HPSOR�LIMIT EQU 0FFH

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Page 73: Microprocessadores Conceitos Importantes-Roberto Ziller

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'LUHWLYD )XQomR ([HPSOR25* 'HILQLU�HQGHUHoR ORG 2000H

(48 &ULDU�VLQ{QLPR TAMANHO EQU 25H

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'%��YDORU!���� &ULDU�YHWRUHV TABELA DB 15H, 22H, ...

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Page 74: Microprocessadores Conceitos Importantes-Roberto Ziller

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2� SURJUDPD� SULQFLSDO� GHYH� VHU� HVFULWR� GH� IRUPD� TXH� VXD� OHLWXUD� SHUPLWDFRPSUHHQGHU� LPHGLDWDPHQWH� R� TXH� R� SURJUDPD� WRGR� ID]�� 3RU� LVVR�� VHUYLoRVDX[LOLDUHV��FRPR�D�OHLWXUD�GRV�GDGRV�RX�VXD�DSUHVHQWDomR�QR�GLVSOD\��GHYHP�VHUGHOHJDGRV� SDUD� VXE�URWLQDV�� SDUD� QmR� GHVYLDU� D� DWHQomR� GH� TXHP� WHQWDFRPSUHHQGHU� R� SURJUDPD�� 'HVWD� IRUPD�� R� GHVHQYROYLPHQWR� GR� SURJUDPDSULQFLSDO�VHUYH�WDPEpP�GH�JXLD�SDUD�GHWHUPLQDU�TXDLV�VmR�DV�GHPDLV�VXE �URWLQDVTXH�FRQVWLWXLUmR�R�SURJUDPD�

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LETECLA EQU 02E7H ;MOSTRAD EQU 0363H ; sinonimos para sub-rotinas em ROM

ORG 2000H ; endereco inicial do programa

INICIO: LXI SP,20C0H ; define inicio da pilhaLOOP0: CALL LE_DADO ; leitura de N1 (acumulador) MOV B,A ; copia N1 para o registrador B CALL LE_DADO ; leitura de N2 (acumulador) MOV C,A ; copia N2 para o registrador C CALL MULT ; DE = C * B CALL MOSTRAD ; apresenta resultado JMP LOOP0 ; reinicia

$�OHLWXUD�GH�GDGRV

2�SURJUDPD�SULQFLSDO�DFLPD�SUHFLVD�GH�XPD�VXE �URWLQD�FKDPDGD�/(B'$'2�SDUD�ID]HU�D�OHLWXUD�GH�FDGD�XP�GRV�Q~PHURV�KH[DGHFLPDLV�GH�GRLV�GtJLWRV��(VWDGHYH�OHYDU�HP�FRQVLGHUDomR�RV�VHJXLQWHV�SRQWRV�

• D� VXE�URWLQD� /(7(&/$�� TXH� SRGH� VHU� XWLOL]DGD� SDUD� OHU� R� WHFODGR�� Or� XPGtJLWR� GH� FDGD� YH]�� SRU� LVVR�� SUHFLVD� VHU� FKDPDGD� GXDV� YH]HV� SDUD� OHU� XPQ~PHUR�GH�GRLV�GtJLWRV�

• R� SULPHLUR� GRV� GRLV� GtJLWRV� KH[DGHFLPDLV� D� VHU� OLGR� p� R� GtJLWR� PDLVVLJQLILFDWLYR��(VWH�GHYH�VHU�PXOWLSOLFDGR�SRU����H�WUDQVIHULGR�GR�DFXPXODGRUSDUD� XP�RXWUR� UHJLVWUDGRU�� SDUD� QmR� VHU� DSDJDGR� QD� FKDPDGD� VHJXLQWH� GH/(7(&/$�

• R�Q~PHUR�KH[DGHFLPDO�GH�GRLV�GtJLWRV�VHUi�REWLGR�DWUDYpV�GH�XPD�RSHUDomR28� HQWUH� R� UHJLVWUDGRU� TXH� DUPD]HQD� R� GtJLWR� PDLV� VLJQLILFDWLYR�� MiPXOWLSOLFDGR�SRU�����H�R�GtJLWR�PHQRV�VLJQLILFDWLYR�

• R�Q~PHUR�REWLGR�GHYH�VHU�UHWRUQDGR�QR�DFXPXODGRU�

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Page 75: Microprocessadores Conceitos Importantes-Roberto Ziller

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LE_DADO:CALL LETECLA ; le o digito mais significativo RLC RLC RLC RLC ; multiplica-o por 16 MOV E,A ; digito mais significativo em E CALL LETECLA ; le digito menos significativo ORA E ; compoe numero de dois digitos RET ; retorna com numero em A

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$� VXE�URWLQD�08/7� GHYH� PXOWLSOLFDU� GRLV� Q~PHURV� KH[DGHFLPDLV� GH� �� ELWV�FRQWLGRV�HP�%�H�&��H�FRORFDU�R�UHVXOWDGR�GHVWD�PXOWLSOLFDomR�QR�SDU�'(�

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$�PXOWLSOLFDomR�GH� Q�� H� Q�� VHUi� HIHWXDGD� VRPDQGR �VH� Q�� YH]HV�R�RSHUDQGR� Q��&RQVLGHUDQGR� TXH� RV� UHJLVWUDGRUHV� %� H� &� FRQWrP�� UHVSHFWLYDPHQWH�� RVRSHUDQGRV�Q��H�Q���R�WUHFKR�GH�FyGLJR�D�VHJXLU�ID]�D�PXOWLSOLFDomR�H�DSUHVHQWD�RUHVXOWDGR�QR�UHJLVWUDGRU�(�

MULT: MVI A,00 ; inicializacaoLOOP1: ADD B ; acrescenta valor de N1 ao acumulador DCR C ; decrementa o conteudo de C JNZ LOOP1 ; repete a soma N2 vezes MOV E,A ; transfere o resultado para E RET ; retorno com resultado em E

$�VHJXLU��HVWD�VXE�URWLQD�GHYH�VHU�HVWHQGLGD�SDUD�WUDWDU�UHVXOWDGRV�FRP���GtJLWRVKH[DGHFLPDLV�� LQFOXLQGR�� DVVLP�� D� SRVVLELOLGDGH� GH� R� UHVXOWDGR� VHU� VXSHULRU� D�����3DUD�WDQWR��EDVWD�LQFUHPHQWDU�R�UHJLVWUDGRU�'��TXH�YDL�DSUHVHQWDU�RV�GRLVGtJLWRV�PDLV�VLJQLILFDWLYRV��FDGD�YH]�TXH�R�UHVXOWDGR�GD�DGLomR�QR�DFXPXODGRUXOWUDSDVVDU������FRQIRUPH�LQGLFDGR�SHOR�&DUU\�)ODJ�

MULT: MVI D,00 ; inicializacoes MVI A,00LOOP1: ADD B ; soma N1 ao acumulador JNC CONT ; “vai 1”? INR D ; incrementa D se a soma passa de FFCONT: DCR C JNZ LOOP1 ; repete a soma N2 vezes MOV E,A ; transfere o resultado para E RET ; retorno com resultado no par DE

2�SURJUDPD�FRPSOHWR�FRQVLVWH��HQWmR��GR�SURJUDPD�SULQFLSDO�H�GDV�VXE �URWLQDV08/7� H� /(B'$'2�� 2� DUTXLYR�IRQWH� SUHFLVD� FRQWHU�� DLQGD�� XPD� GLUHWLYD(1'��QR� ILQDO��&RQVXOWH� R� FDStWXOR� ��� SDUD� FRQWLQXDU� FRP� D�PRQWDJHP� H� DH[HFXomR�QR�$EDFXV�

Page 76: Microprocessadores Conceitos Importantes-Roberto Ziller

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(VWD�VHomR�DSUHVHQWD�DOJXQV�WUHFKRV�GH�FyGLJR�WtSLFRV�GH�SURJUDPDV�$VVHPEO\�6HX� HVWXGR� p� GH� JUDQGH� YDOLD� SDUD� DXPHQWDU� DV� KDELOLGDGHV� GH� SURJUDPDomR�YLVWR� TXH� DV� WDUHIDV� GLVFXWLGDV� DSDUHFHP� FRP� JUDQGH� IUHT�rQFLD� QDSURJUDPDomR�GH�TXDOTXHU�PLFURSURFHVVDGRU��2V�WUHFKRV�DSUHVHQWDGRV�GmR�XPDLGpLD� GH� FRPR� FRPSLODGRUHV� GH� OLQJXDJHQV� GH� DOWR� QtYHO� LPSOHPHQWDP� RVFRPDQGRV�GH�WRPDGD�GH�GHFLVmR�(if) �H�GH�UHSHWLomR�(while, for) �

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2V� H[HPSORV� D� VHJXLU� H[SORUDP� HVVDV� SRVVLELOLGDGHV��(P� WRGRV� RV� H[HPSORVTXH�FRPSDUDP�GRLV�Q~PHURV��DVVXPH�VH�TXH�HVWHV�VH�FKDPDP�;�H�<�H�TXH�VHHQFRQWUDP��UHVSHFWLYDPHQWH��QRV�UHJLVWUDGRUHV�$�H�%�

([HFXomR�GH�XP�EORFR�GH�LQVWUXo}HV�VH�;� �<

CMP B ; seta flags de acordo com X - Y JNZ CONT ; salta se X ≠ Y

... ; instruções executadas se X = Y

CONT: ; ponto de continuação do programa

([HFXomR�GH�XP�EORFR�GH�LQVWUXo}HV�VH�;�≠�< CMP B ; seta flags de acordo com X - Y JZ CONT ; salta se X = Y

... ; instruções executadas se X ≠ Y

CONT: ; ponto de continuação do programa

([HFXomR�GH�XP�EORFR�GH�LQVWUXo}HV�VH�;�≥�< CMP B ; seta flags de acordo com X - Y JC CONT ; salta se X < Y

... ; instruções executadas se X ≥ Y

CONT: ; ponto de continuação do programa

Page 77: Microprocessadores Conceitos Importantes-Roberto Ziller

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([HFXomR�GH�XP�EORFR�GH�LQVWUXo}HV�VH�;�!�<

CMP B ; seta flags de acordo com X - Y JC CONT ; salta se X < Y JZ CONT ; salta se X = Y

... ; instruções executadas se X > Y

CONT: ; ponto de continuação do programa

([HFXomR�GH�XP�EORFR�GH�LQVWUXo}HV�VH�;�≤�< CMP B ; seta flags de acordo com X - Y JZ OK ; salta se X = Y JNC CONT ; salta se X ≥ Y

OK: ... ; instruções executadas se X ≤ Y

CONT: ; ponto de continuação do programa

([HFXomR�GH�XP�EORFR�GH�LQVWUXo}HV�VH�;���<

CMP B ; seta flags de acordo com X - Y JNC CONT ; salta se X ≥ Y

... ; instruções executadas se X < Y

CONT: ; ponto de continuação do programa

2� SUy[LPR� H[HPSOR� LPSOHPHQWD� XPD� FRQVWUXomR� GR� WLSR� if .. then...

else ��FRPXP�HP�OLQJXDJHQV�GH�DOWR�QtYHO�

([HFXomR�GH�XP�EORFR�VH�;� �<�H�GH�RXWUR�VH�;�≠�< CMP B ; seta flags de acordo com X - Y JNZ DIFF ; salta se X ≠ Y

... ; instruções executadas se X = Y

JMP CONT ; salto para isolar o bloco seguinte

DIFF: ... ; instruções executadas se X ≠ Y

CONT: ; ponto de continuação do programa

1RWH� R� XVR� GDV� LQVWUXo}HV� -&� H� -1&� QRV� H[HPSORV� HP� TXH� p� SUHFLVRGHWHUPLQDU� VH�;� p�PDLRU� RX�PHQRU� GR� TXH�<��2� FDUU\� IODJ� LQGLFD� VH� KRXYH´HPSUHVWD� �µ� QD� VXEWUDomR� IHLWD� SHOD� LQVWUXomR� GH� FRPSDUDomR�� 6H� KRXYH�&<� �����HQWmR�R�YDORU�GR�DFXPXODGRU�p�PHQRU�GR�TXH�R�GR�UHJLVWUDGRU�XVDGR�VH�QmR�KRXYH��&<� �����HQWmR�p�PDLRU�RX�LJXDO�$WHQomR�SDUD�R�FyGLJR�D� VHJXLU��TXH� HPSUHJD� D� LQVWUXomR� -0�QR� OXJDU�GH� -&

SDUD�H[HFXWDU�XP�EORFR�VH�;�≥�<�

Page 78: Microprocessadores Conceitos Importantes-Roberto Ziller

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CMP B ; seta flags de acordo com X - Y JM CONT ; desejamos saltar se X < Y

... ; instruções a executar se X ≥ Y

CONT: ; ponto de continuação do programa

(VWH� FyGLJR� WDPEpP� IXQFLRQD��PDV� DSHQDV� HQTXDQWR�$� �� %��� ��+�� 6H� HVWDFRQGLomR�QmR�HVWLYHU�VDWLVIHLWD��D�LQVWUXomR�GH�FRPSDUDomR�VHWD�R�VLJQ�IODJ�H�RFyGLJR�SDVVD�D�VH�FRPSRUWDU�GH�IRUPD�FRQWUiULD�j�HVSHUDGD��3RU�H[HPSOR��SDUD$� � ��+� H� %� � ��+�� R� UHVXOWDGR� GD� VXEWUDomR� LQWHUQD� p� ��+�� TXH� pLQWHUSUHWDGR�FRPR�XP�Q~PHUR�QHJDWLYR��$VVLP��R� FyGLJR� DFLPD�FRQVLGHUDULD��+�PHQRU�GR�TXH���+��(VWH�SUREOHPD�QmR�DFRQWHFH�DR�VH�XVDU�R�FDUU\�IODJ��Hp� SRU� LVVR� TXH� R� FRUUHWR� p� XWLOL]DU� DV� LQVWUXo}HV� -&� H� -1&� SDUD� ID]HU� DVFRPSDUDo}HV�� $V� LQVWUXo}HV� -0� H� -3� GHYHP� VHU� XWLOL]DGDV� TXDQGR� IRUQHFHVViULR�GHWHUPLQDU�VH�R�UHVXOWDGR�GH�XPD�RSHUDomR�p�XP�Q~PHUR�SRVLWLYRRX�QHJDWLYR�

2V� SUy[LPRV� H[HPSORV� LPSOHPHQWDP� FRQGLo}HV� GXSODV� GH� WHVWH�� 3DUD� WDQWR�FRQVLGHUH�TXH�VH�WUDEDOKD�DJRUD�FRP�TXDWUR�Q~PHURV��;��<��=�H�:��FRQWLGRVUHVSHFWLYDPHQWH�QRV�UHJLVWUDGRUHV�$��%��&�H�'�

([HFXomR�GH�XP�EORFR�GH�LQVWUXo}HV�VH�;� �<��(��:� �= CMP B ; seta flags de acordo com X - Y JNZ CONT ; se falhar a primeira condição, não ; é preciso testar a segunda MOV A,C ; assume-se que X pode ser destruído CMP D ; seta flags de acordo com W e Z JNZ CONT ; salta se falhar a segunda condição

... ; instruções executadas se X = Y

CONT: ; ponto de continuação do programa

([HFXomR�GH�XP�EORFR�GH�LQVWUXo}HV�VH�;� �<��28��:� �= CMP B ; seta flags de acordo com X - Y JZ OK ; se OK na primeira, não é preciso ; testar a segunda MOV A,C ; assume-se que X pode ser destruído CMP D ; seta flags de acordo com W e Z JNZ CONT ; salta se falhar a segunda condição

OK: ... ; instruções executadas se X = Y

CONT: ; ponto de continuação do programa

Page 79: Microprocessadores Conceitos Importantes-Roberto Ziller

3URJUDPDomR�GR����� ��

������5HSHWLo}HV

$V� UHSHWLo}HV� VmR� PXLWR� FRPXQV� HP� WRGRV� RV� WLSRV� GH� SURJUDPDV�� 1DVOLQJXDJHQV� GH� DOWR� QtYHO�� DV� HVWUXWXUDV� GH� UHSHWLomR� LPSOHPHQWDGDV� SHORVH[HPSORV�D�VHJXLU�FRUUHVSRQGHP�D�FRPDQGRV�FRPR�for �

/RRS�LQILQLWRLOOP: ... ; bloco de instruções a repetir indefinidamente

JMP LOOP

/RRS�UHSHWLGR�&�YH]HV��VH�&� ����p�H[HFXWDGR�����YH]HVLOOP: ... ; bloco de instruções a repetir ; não deve alterar o valor de C

DCR C ; decrementa C e seta flags; JNZ LOOP

/RRS�UHSHWLGR�&�YH]HV��VH�&� ����QmR�p�H[HFXWDGR MVI A,00H CMP C JZ CONTLOOP: ... ; bloco de instruções a repetir ; não deve alterar o valor de C

DCR C ; decrementa C e seta flags; JNZ LOOP

CONT: ... ; continuação do programa

$V� FRQGLo}HV� DSUHVHQWDGDV� QR� LWHP� ������ SRGHP� WDPEpP� DSDUHFHU� FRPRFULWpULRV�GH�HQFHUUDPHQWR�GDV�UHSHWLo}HV��$VVLP��p�SRVVtYHO�UHSHWLU�XP�EORFR�GHLQVWUXo}HV� HQTXDQWR� XPD� FHUWD� FRQGLomR� IRU� YHUGDGHLUD�� FRPR� SRU� H[HPSOR;�!�<�RX�;� �<��e�LVVR�TXH�FULD�XP�FRPDQGR�while �

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Page 80: Microprocessadores Conceitos Importantes-Roberto Ziller

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D�PXOWLSOLFDomR�GH�GRLV�Q~PHURV�TXDLVTXHU��FRQIRUPH� LOXVWUDP�RV�H[HPSORV�DVHJXLU��(P�WRGRV�HOHV��R�YDORU�LQLFLDO�GR�DFXPXODGRU�p�UHSUHVHQWDGR�SHOD�OHWUD�[�

0XOWLSOLFDomR�SRU���

(VWH�p�XP�GRV�FDVRV�PDLV�VLPSOHV��SRLV���� �����$VVLP��EDVWD�D�VHT�rQFLD RLC ; A = 2x RLC ; A = 4x RLC ; A = 8x RLC ; A = 16x

SDUD�PXOWLSOLFDU�SRU����R�FRQWH~GR�GR�DFXPXODGRU��(P�JHUDO��D�PXOWLSOLFDomRSRU��Q�VH�ID]�FRP�Q�RSHUDo}HV�5/&�RX���Q�RSHUDo}HV�55&�

0XOWLSOLFDomR�SRU���

$�PXOWLSOLFDomR�SRU����VH�ID]�FRP�DX[tOLR�GH�XP�UHJLVWUDGRU�LQWHUPHGLiULR� RLC ; A = 2x MOV B,A ; B = 2x RLC ; A = 4x RLC ; A = 8x ADD B ; A = 8x + 2x = 10x

0XOWLSOLFDomR�SRU��

3ULPHLUD�VROXomR�

MOV B,A ; B = x RLC ; A = 2x ADD B ; A = 3x RLC ; A = 6x ADD B ; A = 7x

6HJXQGD�VROXomR��VRPHQWH�YLiYHO�VH��[������+��

MOV B,A ; B = x RLC RLC RLC ; A = 8x SUB B ; A = 7x

Page 81: Microprocessadores Conceitos Importantes-Roberto Ziller

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Page 82: Microprocessadores Conceitos Importantes-Roberto Ziller

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Page 83: Microprocessadores Conceitos Importantes-Roberto Ziller

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Page 84: Microprocessadores Conceitos Importantes-Roberto Ziller

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����&RQVLGHUDo}HV�VREUH�D�OLQJXDJHP�$60���

$�OLQJXDJHP�DVVHPEO\�GHVHQYROYLGD�SHOD�,QWHO�SDUD�R������FKDPD�VH�$60����'HWDOKDU� WRGDV� DV� FDUDFWHUtVWLFDV�GHVWD� OLQJXDJHP� HVWi� DOpP�GR�REMHWLYR� GHVWHWH[WR�� PDV� H[LVWHP� DOJXPDV� FDUDFWHUtVWLFDV� TXH� VmR� HVVHQFLDLV� SDUD� DFRPSUHHQVmR� GRV� SURJUDPDV� TXH� VHUmR� HVWXGDGRV�� H� TXH� SRU� LVVR� PHUHFHPDWHQomR�HVSHFLDO�2� FRQFHLWR� PDLV� LPSRUWDQWH� H� GLIHUHQWH� GH� RXWUDV� OLQJXDJHQV� DVVHPEO\� p� RFRQFHLWR�GH�WLSR��&DGD�VtPEROR�GH�XP�SURJUDPD�$60�����VHMD�R�QRPH�GH�XPDYDULiYHO��XP�VLQ{QLPR�SDUD�XP�HQGHUHoR�RX�XP�VLQ{QLPR�SDUD�XPD�FRQVWDQWH�WHP� XP� GHWHUPLQDGR� WLSR�� 0XLWDV� YH]HV�� R� DVVHPEOHU� QmR� SUHFLVD� TXH� RSURJUDPDGRU� GLJD� H[SOLFLWDPHQWH� TXDO� R� WLSR� GH� XP� VtPEROR�� SRLV� SRGHGHGX]L�OR�SRU�FRQWD�SUySULD��3RU�H[HPSOR��HP

MOV AX,[BX] ; copia o word endereçado por BX para AX

R� DVVHPEOHU� SRGH� GHGX]LU� TXH� R� FRQWH~GR� D� VHU� FRSLDGR� GD�PHPyULD� p� XPZRUG��SRLV�R�UHJLVWUDGRU�$;�p�GH����ELWV��0DV�QR�FDVR�GD�LQVWUXomR

INC [BX] ; incrementar byte ou word ???

Page 97: Microprocessadores Conceitos Importantes-Roberto Ziller

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R� DVVHPEOHU� QmR� WHP� FRPR� VDEHU� VH� GHYH� LQFUHPHQWDU� R� E\WH� TXH� UHVLGH� QRRIIVHW�%;�RX�VH�GHYH� LQFUHPHQWDU�R�ZRUG�TXH�UHVLGH�HP�%;��%;������1HVWHFDVR��R�DVVHPEOHU�JHUDULD�XPD�PHQVDJHP�GH�HUUR��REULJDQGR�R�SURJUDPDGRU�DGHFLGLU�TXDO�GRV�GRLV�HIHLWRV�GHVHMD�TXH�D�LQVWUXomR�WHQKD��2�SURJUDPDGRU�WHPTXH�GL]HU�TXDO�R�WLSR�GD�YDULiYHO�HQGHUHoDGD�LQGLUHWDPHQWH�SRU�%;��HVFUHYHQGR

INC BYTE PTR [BX] ; incrementa o byte de offset BX

SDUD�LQFUHPHQWDU�R�E\WH�FXMR�RIIVHW�p�R�YDORU�FRQWLGR�HP�%;��RX

INC WORD PTR [BX] ; incrementa o word de offset BX

SDUD�LQFUHPHQWDU�R�ZRUG�TXH�VH�HQFRQWUD�QRV�HQGHUHoRV�%;�H�%;�����

2V�WLSRV�GHILQLGRV�QD�OLQJXDJHP�$60����VmR�RV�VHJXLQWHV�

• %<7(�375��UHIHUHQFLD�XPD�YDULiYHO�GH��E\WH�• :25'�375��UHIHUHQFLD�XPD�YDULiYHO�GH���ZRUG�• ':25'�375��UHIHUHQFLD�XPD�YDULiYHO�GH���ZRUGV�• 1($5�375��UHIHUHQFLD�R�HQGHUHoR�GH�GHVWLQR�GH�XPD�LQVWUXomR�GH�GHVYLR�GRWLSR�QHDU�

• )$5�375��LGHP��SDUD�GHVYLRV�GR�WLSR�IDU�• 180%(5�� R� YDORU� GR� VtPEROR� FRP� HVWH� WLSR�� TXH� UDUDPHQWH� SUHFLVD� VHUXWLOL]DGR��p�XP�VLQ{QLPR�SDUD�XPD�FRQVWDQWH�GH����ELWV�

����)RUPDWR�GDV�LQVWUXo}HV�GR�����

2� IRUPDWR� HVFROKLGR� SHORV� SURMHWLVWDV� SDUD� DV� LQVWUXo}HV� GH� XPPLFURSURFHVVDGRU�p�XPD�VROXomR�GH�FRPSURPLVVR�HQWUH�HOHJkQFLD��RFXSDomR�GHPHPyULD� H� GHVHPSHQKR��3RU� H[HPSOR�� SDUD� SULYLOHJLDU� D� HVWpWLFD�� SRGHU�VH�LDUHVHUYDU� XP�SHGDoR� GH� FDGD� LQVWUXomR� SDUD� FRQWHU� R� FyGLJR� TXH� D� LGHQWLILFD�DVVLP� FRPR� DFRQWHFH� FRP� R� SULPHLUR� E\WH� GDV� LQVWUXo}HV� GR� ������� 1RHQWDQWR��SRGHULD�KDYHU�LQVWUXo}HV�TXH�QmR�QHFHVVLWDVVHP�GH�WRGR�HVWH�HVSDoR��HFRP� LVVR� KDYHULD� GHVSHUGtFLR� HP� DOJXQV� FDVRV�� (VWH� GHVSHUGtFLR� DIHWDULDQHJDWLYDPHQWH�D�HFRQRPLD�GH�PHPyULD�H�R�GHVHPSHQKR�1R�FDVR�GR�������R�TXH�VH�IH]�IRL�SURFXUDU�DSURYHLWDU�FDGD�ELW�GLVSRQtYHO��GHPRGR�D�FRPSDFWDU�DR�Pi[LPR�DV�LQVWUXo}HV�H�RWLPL]DU�D�XWLOL]DomR�GD�PHPyULDH� D� YHORFLGDGH� GH� OHLWXUD� GDV� LQVWUXo}HV��(P�FRQWUDSDUWLGD�� VXD� FRGLILFDomR� pPXLWR�PDLV�FRPSOH[D�GR�TXH�QR�������SRLV�DJRUD�R�FyGLJR�GH�XPD�LQVWUXomRQmR�SUHFLVD� RFXSDU� H[DWDPHQWH� �� E\WH� H� RV� ELWV� QmR� RFXSDGRV� VmR� XWLOL]DGRVFRP�RXWUDV� ILQDOLGDGHV��2� FRPSULPHQWR� GDV� LQVWUXo}HV� SRGH� YDULDU� GH� �� D� �E\WHV�

Page 98: Microprocessadores Conceitos Importantes-Roberto Ziller

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$� WtWXOR� GH� H[HPSOR�� D� ILJXUD� ���� WUD]� R� IRUPDWR� GDV� LQVWUXo}HV� GHPRYLPHQWDomR� GH� GDGRV� LPHGLDWRV� SDUD� PHPyULD� RX� HQWUH� UHJLVWUDGRUHV�� 2FyGLJR� GD� LQVWUXomR� RFXSD� RV� �� ELWV� PDLV� VLJQLILFDWLYRV� GR� SULPHLUR� E\WH�HQTXDQWR� RV� ELWV� �� H� �� LQIOXHQFLDP� R� UHVWDQWH� GD� LQVWUXomR�� 2� ELW� Z�� SRUH[HPSOR��VHUYH�SDUD�GLVWLQJXLU�DV�LQVWUXo}HV�TXH�PDQLSXODP�E\WHV��Z� ����GDVLQVWUXo}HV�DQiORJDV�TXH�PDQLSXODP�ZRUGV��Z� ����

� � � � � � � � � �RSFRGH V Z SRVWE\WH GDWD GDWD�LI�VZ ��

)LJ������²�([HPSOR�GH�IRUPDWR�GH�LQVWUXomR�GR�����

2�SRVWE\WH�p�GLYLGLGR�HP�WUrV�FDPSRV��FRQIRUPH�D�ILJXUD������6H�R�FDPSR�PRGFRQWpP�R� YDORU� ELQiULR� ���� HQWmR�R�RSHUDQGR�GD� LQVWUXomR� p� XP� UHJLVWUDGRU�LGHQWLILFDGR�SRU�XP�FyGLJR�GH���ELWV�FRORFDGR�QR�FDPSR�U�P��,QVWUXo}HV�TXHUHIHUHQFLDP� GRLV� UHJLVWUDGRUHV� SRGHP� XWLOL]DU� R� FDPSR� UHJ� SDUD� LGHQWLILFDU� RVHJXQGR� UHJLVWUDGRU��2XWURV�YDORUHV� FRORFDGRV�QR� FDPSR�PRG� VLJQLILFDP�TXHHVWH�GHYH�VHU�GHFRGLILFDGR�HP�FRQMXQWR�FRP�U�P�SDUD�GHWHUPLQDU�R�PRGR�GHHQGHUHoDPHQWR�D�VHU�XWLOL]DGR�

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2�SDSHO�GR�H[HPSOR�DFLPD�p�DSHQDV�R�GH�SURSRUFLRQDU�DR�OHLWRU�XPD�LGpLD�GHFRPR�D�FRGLILFDomR�p�IHLWD��e�LPSRUWDQWH�QRWDU�FRPR�VH�FRQVHJXH�DSURYHLWDU�RVELWV�GLVSRQtYHLV��PDV�QmR� VH�SUHRFXSDU� FRP�D�PHPRUL]DomR�GH� GHWDOKHV�� TXHVmR� H[FOXVLYRV�GR������H�SRUWDQWR�GH�SRXFD�XWLOLGDGH�SDUD� D� DVVLPLODomR�GRVFRQFHLWRV�FRQVLGHUDGRV�LPSRUWDQWHV�QHVWH�WH[WR�

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Page 99: Microprocessadores Conceitos Importantes-Roberto Ziller

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QHFHVViULRV��3RU�H[HPSOR��SDUD�LQLFLDOL]DU�XP�UHJLVWUDGRU�FRP�XP�YDORU�IL[R�HFRQKHFLGR� HP� WHPSR� GH� PRQWDJHP��� HP� JHUDO� VHUi� FRQYHQLHQWH� XWLOL]DU� RPRGR�LPHGLDWR��TXH�DFHLWD�XPD�FRQVWDQWH��SDUD�YDUUHU�XPD�WDEHOD�HP�EXVFD�GHDOJXPD�LQIRUPDomR��VHUi�QHFHVViULR�DOJXP�WLSR�GH�HQGHUHoDPHQWR�TXH�SHUPLWDYDULDU�R�tQGLFH�GR�HOHPHQWR�HQGHUHoDGR�HP�WHPSR�GH�H[HFXomR��

�������(QGHUHoDPHQWR�YLD�UHJLVWUDGRU

1HVWH�PRGR�GH� HQGHUHoDPHQWR��R�RSHUDQGR� D� VHU�XWLOL]DGR� VH� HQFRQWUD� QXPUHJLVWUDGRU�� UHIHUHQFLDGR�SHOD� LQVWUXomR��3RGHP�VHU�XWLOL]DGRV�RV� UHJLVWUDGRUHV$;�',�RX�DLQGD�RV�UHJLVWUDGRUHV�GH���ELWV��$+�'/�

3RU�H[HPSOR��D�LQVWUXomR

MOV AX,BX ; copia o conteúdo de BX para AX

ID]�UHIHUrQFLD�DR�UHJLVWUDGRU�%;��SRUTXH�p�Oi�TXH�HVWi�FRQWLGR�R�RSHUDQGR�D�VHUFRSLDGR�SDUD�R�UHJLVWUDGRU�$;�

'D�PHVPD�IRUPD��HP

CMP AL,DL ; seta os flags de acordo com o ; resultado da subtração AL-DLR�GDGR�D�VHU�FRPSDUDGR�FRP�R�YDORU�GH�$/�HVWi�ORFDOL]DGR�HP�'/�

�������(QGHUHoDPHQWR�LPHGLDWR

$TXL��R�RSHUDQGR� ID]�SDUWH�GD�SUySULD� LQVWUXomR��(VWH�PRGR�p�XWLOL]DGR�SDUDDWULEXLU� YDORUHV� FRQVWDQWHV�GH���RX�GH����ELWV� D� UHJLVWUDGRUHV� RX�SRVLo}HV� GHPHPyULD��FRPR�HP

MOV AX,1000H ; AX = 1000HRX

CMP SI,0000H ; seta os flags de acordo com o ; resultado da subtração SI-0000H.

2�PRGR�LPHGLDWR�GR������WHP�GXDV�SHTXHQDV�OLPLWDo}HV��QmR�HVWi�GLVSRQtYHOSDUD�DWULEXLomR�GH�YDORUHV�DRV�UHJLVWUDGRUHV�GH�VHJPHQWR�QHP�SDUD�D�LQVWUXomR386+�

3RGH�VH�SHUJXQWDU�DJRUD�VH�DV�LQVWUXo}HV�XWLOL]DGDV�QRV�H[HPSORV�QmR�XWLOL]DPWDPEpP�R�PRGR�YLD� UHJLVWUDGRU�� XPD�YH]�TXH�Ki� UHJLVWUDGRUHV� HVSHFLILFDGRV�

��7HPSR�GH�PRQWDJHP��UHIHUH�VH�j�HWDSD�GH�GHVHQYROYLPHQWR�GR�SURJUDPD��9DORUHVFRQKHFLGRV�HP�WHPSR�GH�PRQWDJHP�VmR�FRQVWDQWHV�GHWHUPLQDGDV�GH�DQWHPmR�SHORSURJUDPDGRU�RX�FDOFXODGDV�SHOR�DVVHPEOHU��H�QmR�SRGHP�VHU�PRGLILFDGRV�GXUDQWH�D�H[HFXomR���7HPSR�GH�H[HFXomR��UHIHUH�VH�DR�SURJUDPD�HP�H[HFXomR�

Page 100: Microprocessadores Conceitos Importantes-Roberto Ziller

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,VWR�p�YHUGDGH��H�D�SUHVHQoD�GH�GRLV�PRGRV�GH�HQGHUHoDPHQWR�SRGH�DFRQWHFHUHP�WRGDV�DV�LQVWUXo}HV�GH�GRLV�RSHUDQGRV��$TXL�p�FODUR�TXH�R�PRGR�LPHGLDWRVH�UHIHUH�DR�RSHUDQGR�GH�RULJHP��(P�RXWURV�SRQWRV�GR�WH[WR��R�RSHUDQGR�GHTXH�VH�WUDWD�VHUi�FLWDGR�H[SOLFLWDPHQWH��VH�KRXYHU�SRVVLELOLGDGH�GH�FRQIXVmR�

�������(QGHUHoDPHQWR�DEVROXWR�RX�GLUHWR

1HVWH� PRGR�� R� RSHUDQGR� TXH� VH� GHVHMD� HQGHUHoDU� UHVLGH� QD� PHPyULD�� H� DLQVWUXomR� FRQWpP� R� HQGHUHoR� GR� RSHUDQGR�� $� ILJXUD� ���� LOXVWUD� RIXQFLRQDPHQWR�GD�LQVWUXomR MOV AX,[1000H] ; copia para AX o word localizado ; nos offsets 1000H e 1001H.

(QGHUHoR 'DGR����+ ��+����+ ��+����+ ��+��� ���

$;����+

)LJ������²�(QGHUHoDPHQWR�DEVROXWR��029�$;�>����+@

([LVWH�WDPEpP�XP�PRGR�GH�HQGHUHoDPHQWR�DEVROXWR� ORQJR��XWLOL]DGR�DSHQDVHP�LQVWUXo}HV�GH�GHVYLR�GR�WLSR�IDU��RQGH�VmR�IRUQHFLGRV�VHJPHQWR�H�RIIVHW�GRGHVWLQR�GR�GHVYLR� JMP 1234H:5678H; salto incondicional para 1234H:5678H

�������(QGHUHoDPHQWR�LQGLUHWR

7DO�FRPR�QR�FDVR�DQWHULRU��R�RSHUDQGR�UHVLGH�QD�PHPyULD��$�LQVWUXomR��SRUpP�QmR� HVSHFLILFD� R� RIIVHW� GR� RSHUDQGR�� PDV� XP� UHJLVWUDGRU� GH� ��� ELWV�� TXHFRQWpP�HVVH�RIIVHW��3RGHP�VHU�XWLOL]DGRV�RV�UHJLVWUDGRUHV�%;��%3��',�H�6,�$�ILJXUD�����LOXVWUD�R�IXQFLRQDPHQWR�GD�LQVWUXomR MOV AX,[BX] ; AX recebe o word de offset BX.

'H�IRUPD�DQiORJD��D�LQVWUXomR INC BYTE PTR [DI]

LQFUHPHQWD�R�E\WH�FXMR�RIIVHW�HVWi�FRQWLGR�HP�',��1RWH�D�XWLOL]DomR�H[SOtFLWDGR�WLSR�%<7(�375�QHVWH�FDVR��QHFHVViULR�SDUD�TXH�R�DVVHPEOHU�SRVVD�GHFLGLUVH�R�SURJUDPD�GHYH�LQFUHPHQWDU�R�E\WH�TXH�UHVLGH�QR�HQGHUHoR�',�RX�R�ZRUGTXH�UHVLGH�HP�',��',����1R�H[HPSOR�DQWHULRU��R�DVVHPEOHU�SRGH�GHGX]LU�TXH

Page 101: Microprocessadores Conceitos Importantes-Roberto Ziller

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R�RSHUDQGR�GH�RULJHP�p�GR�WLSR�:25'�375��SRUTXH�R�RSHUDQGR�GH�GHVWLQR�$;��p�XP�UHJLVWUDGRU�GH����ELWV��3RU�LVVR��QDTXHOH�FDVR�R�WLSR�QmR�SUHFLVD�VHUH[SOLFLWDGR�

(QGHUHoR 'DGR����+ ��+����+ ��+����+ ��+��� ���

$;����+

%;����+

)LJ������²�(QGHUHoDPHQWR�LQGLUHWR��029�$;�>%;@

2� HQGHUHoDPHQWR� LQGLUHWR� p� PXLWR� XWLOL]DGR� SDUD� WUDEDOKDU� FRP� WDEHODV�� 2WUHFKR� GH� FyGLJR� D� VHJXLU�� SRU� H[HPSOR�� YDUUH� XPD� WDEHOD� GH� 1� E\WHV� FXMRRIIVHW� LQLFLDO�p�GDGR�SHOR� VtPEROR�7$%(/$��2� ORRS�GH�YDUUHGXUD� VH�HQFHUUDDVVLP�TXH�IRU�HQFRQWUDGR�XP�HOHPHQWR�GLIHUHQWH�GH�]HUR�RX�TXDQGR�R�ILQDO�GDWDEHOD�p�DWLQJLGR�VHP�TXH�D�EXVFD�WHQKD�WLGR�VXFHVVR� LEA BX,TABELA ; BX = offset inicial MOV CX,N ; CX = tamanho da tabelaLOOP: CMP BYTE PTR [BX],00H JNZ ACHEI INC BX DEC CX JNZ LOOP ... ; busca terminou sem sucesso

ACHEI: ... ; busca terminou com sucesso

1R�FDVR�HP�TXH�D�EXVFD�WHUPLQD�FRP�VXFHVVR��%;�DSRQWD�SDUD�R�SULPHLUR�E\WHQmR�QXOR�GD�WDEHOD�

�������(QGHUHoDPHQWR�LQGH[DGR

$� LQVWUXomR�HVSHFLILFD�XPD�FRQVWDQWH�� GHQRPLQDGD�EDVH�� H�XP� UHJLVWUDGRU�GHtQGLFH��FXMR�FRQWH~GR�p�VRPDGR�j�EDVH�SDUD�IRUPDU�R�HQGHUHoR�GR�RSHUDQGR�3RGHP�VHU�XWLOL]DGRV�RV�UHJLVWUDGRUHV�%3��%;��6,�H�',�$�ILJXUD�����LOXVWUD�R�IXQFLRQDPHQWR�GD�LQVWUXomR MOV AX,0100H[DI] ; compara AX com word em 100+DI,

TXH�WDPEpP�SRGH�VHU�HVFULWD�FRPR MOV AX,[0100H+DI] ; idem, outra notação.

Page 102: Microprocessadores Conceitos Importantes-Roberto Ziller

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ACHEI: ... ; busca terminou com sucesso

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MOV [BX+0005H],CX ; copia CX para o offset BX+5

Page 103: Microprocessadores Conceitos Importantes-Roberto Ziller

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Page 104: Microprocessadores Conceitos Importantes-Roberto Ziller

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DADOS SEGMENTMSG1 DB ‘MENSAGEM 1$’MSG2 DB ‘MENSAGEM 2$’DADOS ENDS

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(VWH� PHFDQLVPR� p� VHPHOKDQWH� DR� GD� SDVVDJHP� DWUDYpV� GH� UHJLVWUDGRUHV�� $GLIHUHQoD� HVWi� DSHQDV� QR� IDWR� GH� VH� XWLOL]DUHP� YDULiYHLV� DR� LQYpV� GHUHJLVWUDGRUHV�GR�SURFHVVDGRU�SDUD�SDVVDU�RV�SDUkPHWURV��2�SURJUDPD�FKDPDGRUGHYH� FRORFDU�RV�SDUkPHWURV� QHVWDV� YDULiYHLV� DQWHV� GD� FKDPDGD�GD� VXE�URWLQD�TXH� LUi�EXVFi�ORV�SDUD�HIHWXDU�VHX�SURFHVVDPHQWR��$�OLVWDJHP�VHJXLQWH�PRVWUDFRPR� ILFDULD� R� SURJUDPD� GR� H[HPSOR� DQWHULRU� XWLOL]DQGR� D� YDULiYHO� JOREDO6B375��VWULQJ�SRLQWHU���GHILQLGD�QR�VHJPHQWR�GH�GDGRV�

CODIGO SEGMENT ...

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SHOW PROC NEAR ; APRESENTA MSG EM S_PTR MOV AH,09H ; WRITE STRING MOV DX,S_PTR ; DX APONTA P/ MSG A APRESENTAR INT 21H RETSHOW ENDPCODIGO ENDS

DADOS SEGMENTMSG1 DB ‘MENSAGEM 1$’MSG2 DB ‘MENSAGEM 2$’S_PTR DW ?DADOS ENDS

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Page 115: Microprocessadores Conceitos Importantes-Roberto Ziller

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SUB1 PROC NEAR PUSH BP MOV BP,SP ... ; ACESSO A P1S1 E P2S1 MOV AX,P1S2 PUSH AX ; PRIMEIRO PARÂMETRO NA PILHA MOV AX,P2S2 PUSH AX ; SEGUNDO PARÂMETRO NA PILHA MOV AX,P3S2 PUSH AX ; TERCEIRO PARÂMETRO NA PILHA CALL SUB2 ADD SP,6 ; PARÂMETROS REMOVIDOS

... ; ACESSO A P1S1 E P2S1 ; CONTINUA FUNCIONANDO!

POP BP RETSUB1 ENDP

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SUB2 PROC FAR PUSH BP MOV BP,SP

... ; ACESSO A P1S2, P2S2 e P3S2

POP BP ; BP VOLTA AO VALOR NECESSÁRIO EM SUB1 RETSUB2 ENDP

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$�VHJXQGD�IRUPD�GH�XWLOL]DomR�GD�SLOKD�D�VHU�GLVFXWLGD�QHVWH�FDStWXOR�p�D�FULDomRGDV�DVVLP�FKDPDGDV�YDULiYHLV� ORFDLV�RX�YDULiYHLV� DXWRPiWLFDV��6mR�YDULiYHLV�FULDGDVSRU� XPD� VXE�URWLQD� HP� WHPSR� GH� H[HFXomR� SDUD� DUPD]HQDU� UHVXOWDGRVWHPSRUiULRV�H�GHVWUXtGDV�DQWHV�GR�UHWRUQR�&RPR� H[HPSOR�� VXSRQKD� TXH� D� VXE�URWLQD� 6KRZ�� XWLOL]DGD� QRV� H[HPSORVDQWHULRUHV�SDUD�HVFUHYHU�PHQVDJHQV�QD�WHOD��VHMD�DOWHUDGD�GH�PRGR�D�LQFOXLU�XPDFRQWDJHP� GR� Q~PHUR� GH� FDUDFWHUHV� HVFULWRV�� UHWRUQDQGR� HVWH� Q~PHUR� SDUD� RSURJUDPD�FKDPDGRU�QR� UHJLVWUDGRU�$;��6XSRQKD� DLQGD�TXH� VH�GHVHMD� ID]HU� DFRQWDJHP� GR� Q~PHUR� GH� FDUDFWHUHV� VHP� XWLOL]DU� XP� GRV� UHJLVWUDGRUHV� SDUDDUPD]HQi�OD��PDV� VLP� XPD� SRVLomR� GH�PHPyULD�� 8PD� VROXomR� SRVVtYHO� VHULDFULDU� XPD� YDULiYHO� JOREDO� DSHQDV� SDUD� HVWD� ILQDOLGDGH�� (QWUHWDQWR�� HVWD� QmR� pXPD�VROXomR�UD]RiYHO��SRUTXH�D�YDULiYHO�Vy�VHULD�~WLO�HQTXDQWR�VH�H[HFXWDVVH�DVXE�URWLQD��PDV�RFXSDULD�HVSDoR�R�WHPSR�WRGR��2�XVR�GH�XPD�YDULiYHO�ORFDO�pPDLV�LQGLFDGR�QHVWH�FDVR�$� FULDomR� GH� YDULiYHLV� ORFDLV� FRQVLVWH� HP� DEULU� XPD� EUHFKD� QD� SLOKD�FRUUHVSRQGHQWH� DR� HVSDoR� RFXSDGR� SHODV� YDULiYHLV� TXH� VH� SUHWHQGH� XWLOL]DU�3DUD�WDQWR��VXEWUDL�VH�GR�YDORU�GH�63�R�Q~PHUR�GH�E\WHV�QHFHVViULRV��ORJR�DSyVD�SUHSDUDomR�GR�UHJLVWUDGRU�%3�SDUD�DSRQWDU�SDUD�RV�SDUkPHWURV�SDVVDGRV��3RUH[HPSOR��SDUD�FULDU�HVSDoR�SDUD�XPD�~QLFD�YDULiYHO�GR�WLSR�ZRUG��R�FyGLJR�GDVXE�URWLQD�p� PUSH BP MOV BP,SP SUB SP,2 ; Abre espaço para um word

2�DVSHFWR�GD�SLOKD�DSyV�D�H[HFXomR�GHVWD� VHT�rQFLD�SRU�XPD�VXE�URWLQD�QHDUTXH�UHFHEH�GRLV�SDUkPHWURV�p�R�DSUHVHQWDGR�QD�ILJXUD�����

$QWLJR�WRSR�GD�SLOKD3DUkPHWUR��3DUkPHWUR��2IIVHW�GR�HQG��GH�UHWRUQR

%3→ $QWLJR�YDORU�GH�%3

63→ (VSDoR�SDUD�YDULiYHO�ORFDO ↓&UHVFLPHQWR�GD�SLOKD)LJ������²�&ULDomR�GH�XPD�YDULDYHO�ORFDO

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Page 118: Microprocessadores Conceitos Importantes-Roberto Ziller

��� 0LFURSURFHVVDGRUHV��FRQFHLWRV�LPSRUWDQWHV

• D�YDULiYHO�ORFDO�VHULD�HQGHUHoDGD�SRU�%3����6H�IRVVHP�FULDGDV�PDLV�YDULiYHLV�VHXV�HQGHUHoRV�VHULDP�%3����%3����H�DVVLP�SRU�GLDQWH�

• HVWHV�HQGHUHoRV�VmR�RV�PHVPRV�SDUD�VXE�URWLQDV�QHDU�H�IDU�• DV� YDULiYHLV� ORFDLV� WrP� VHPSUH� GHVORFDPHQWRV� QHJDWLYRV� HP� UHODomR� D�%3�HQTXDQWR�RV�SDUkPHWURV�WrP�VHPSUH�GHVORFDPHQWRV�SRVLWLYRV�

• QR� ILQDO� GD� VXE�URWLQD�� D� EUHFKD� DEHUWD� QD� SLOKD� SUHFLVD� VHU� IHFKDGD�� DQWHVTXH�VH�SRVVD�UHFXSHUDU�R�YDORU�GH�%3�VDOYR�QD�HQWUDGD��3DUD�WDQWR��VRPD�VHQRYDPHQWH� D� 63� R� YDORU� VXEWUDtGR� QD� FULDomR� GDV� YDULiYHLV�� 2� ILQDO� GDVXE�URWLQD�ILFDULD�DVVLP� ADD SP,2 POP BP RET

$� OLVWDJHP� D� VHJXLU� PRVWUD� XP� SURJUDPD� FRP� XPD� VXE�URWLQD� FKDPDGD6+2:��TXH�XWLOL]D�XPD�YDULiYHO� ORFDO��5HFHEH�GRLV�SDUkPHWURV��HQGHUHoRV�GHGXDV�VWULQJV�D�HVFUHYHU�QD�WHOD���FRQWD�R�Q~PHUR�GH�FDUDFWHUHV�HVFULWRV�H�UHWRUQDHVWH� YDORU� HP� $;�� 2� YDORU� UHWRUQDGR� p� HQWmR� FRQYHUWLGR� SDUD� R� VLVWHPDGHFLPDO�H�DSUHVHQWDGR�QD�WHOD�;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;VarLoc.asm - Variaveis locais;Prof. Roberto M. Ziller - 04.01.2000;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;PILHA SEGMENT STACK DW 40H DUP(?)PILHA ENDS

DADOS SEGMENTMSG1 DB 'ESTE PROGRAMA JUNTA DUAS MENASGENS $'MSG2 DB 'EM UMA UNICA.$'MSG3 DB 0DH,0AH,'A LINHA ACIMA TEM $'MSG4 DB ' CARACTERES.$'N DB 00H,00H,'$'DADOS ENDS

CODE SEGMENT ASSUME CS:CODE, DS:DADOS, SS:PILHAINICIO: MOV AX,DADOS MOV DS,AX MOV AX,OFFSET MSG1 ; ENDERECO DA MSG1 PUSH AX MOV AX,OFFSET MSG2 ; ENDERECO DA MSG2 PUSH AX CALL SHOW ADD SP,4 ; ELIMINA PARAMETROS DA PILHA MOV BL,10 ; DIV BL ; CONVERTE AX PARA DECIMAL OR AH,30H ; ASCII

Page 119: Microprocessadores Conceitos Importantes-Roberto Ziller

3DUkPHWURV�H�YDULiYHLV�ORFDLV ���

MOV N+1,AH ; UNIDADE OR AL,30H ; ASCII MOV N,AL ; DEZENA MOV AH,09H ; LEA DX,MSG3 ; INT 21H ; ESCREVE MSG3 MOV AH,09H LEA DX,N INT 21H ; ESCREVE VALOR DE N MOV AH,09H LEA DX,MSG4 INT 21H ; ESCREVE MSG4 MOV AH,4CH ; TERMINA PROGRAMA INT 21H

SHOW PROC NEAR PUSH BP MOV BP,SP SUB SP,2 ; VAR DE CONTAGEM TEMPORARIA MOV WORD PTR [BP-2],00H MOV BX,[BP+6] ; PRIMEIRA STRINGLOOP1: CMP BYTE PTR [BX],'$' JZ OK1 INC WORD PTR [BP-2] ; CONTANDO CARACTERES DA MSG1 INC BX JMP LOOP1OK1: MOV AH,09H MOV DX,[BP+6] INT 21H ; ESCREVE MSG1 MOV BX,[BP+4] ; SEGUNDA STRINGLOOP2: CMP BYTE PTR [BX],'$' JZ OK2 INC WORD PTR [BP-2] ; CONTANDO CARACTERES DA MSG2 INC BX JMP LOOP2OK2: MOV AH,09H MOV DX,[BP+4] INT 21H ; ESCREVE MSG2 MOV AX,[BP-2] ; VALOR A RETORNAR ADD SP,2 ; DESTROI VARIAVEL LOCAL POP BP RETSHOW ENDPCODE ENDS

END INICIO

Page 120: Microprocessadores Conceitos Importantes-Roberto Ziller

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8PD� IRUPD� DOWHUQDWLYD� GH� FULDU� YDULiYHLV� ORFDLV� FRP� LQLFLDOL]DomR� XWLOL]D� DLQVWUXomR�386+��TXH�FRORFD�R�YDORU�FRUUHWR�QD�SLOKD��&RPR�HVWD�LQVWUXomR�QmRWUDEDOKD� FRP� HQGHUHoDPHQWR� LPHGLDWR� QR� ������ VmR� QHFHVViULRV� GRLV� SDVVRVSDUD�FULDU�D�YDULiYHO�

MOV AX,0000H ; CRIA VARIÁVEL LOCAL PUSH AX ; INICIALIZADA COM 0000H

Page 121: Microprocessadores Conceitos Importantes-Roberto Ziller

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� Uma exceção a esta regra são as instruções de manipulação de strings, discutidas maisadiante.

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� Um breakpoint é um recurso de depuração que permite executar o programa sob teste atéum endereço especificado e então pará-lo, a fim de examinar em detalhe o que estáacontecendo nesse ponto da execução.

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;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;Soma.asm - soma de numeros em hexadecimal;Prof. Roberto M. Ziller - 04.01.2000;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;; ORG 2000H LDA N ; traz para A o valor de N MOV C,A ; guarda este valor em C LXI H,DADOS ; aponta par HL p/ inicio da tabela MVI B,00H ; inicializa somaLOOP: MOV A,M ; le dado apontado por HL ADD B ; soma acumulada em A MOV B,A ; e guardada em B INX H ; par HL aponta para o dado seguinte DCR C ; um a menos para fazer JNZ LOOP ; repete ate que C = 0 LXI H,RESULT ; aponta HL p/ inicio do resultado MOV M,B ; guarda B na memoria JMP $ ; loop infinito, fica parado aqui ORG 2020HRESULT DB 00H,00HN DB 03HDADOS DB 01H,02H,03H,04H,65H,76H,87H,98H,A9H

END

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;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;Teclado.asm - leitura de numeros do teclado;Prof. Roberto M. Ziller - 04.01.2000;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;LETECLA EQU 02E7H ; Sinonimos utilizados abaixoMOSTRAD EQU 0363H ;MOSTRAA EQU 036EH ;

ORG 2000H

LXI SP,20C0H ; Inicializa pilhaLOOP: CALL LETECLA ; Le primeiro numero MOV D,A MVI E,0H PUSH D CALL MOSTRAD ; Apresenta primeiro numero POP D CALL LETECLA ; Le segundo numero MOV E,A ADD D ; Resultado em A PUSH PSW CALL MOSTRAD ; Apresenta os dois numeros POP PSW CALL MOSTRAA ; Apresenta resultado JMP LOOP

END

Page 165: Microprocessadores Conceitos Importantes-Roberto Ziller

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Page 166: Microprocessadores Conceitos Importantes-Roberto Ziller

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Page 167: Microprocessadores Conceitos Importantes-Roberto Ziller

6XE�URWLQDV�VLPXODGDV�HP�520 ���

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&DPSR�GH�HQGHUHoRV 'tJLWRV�WHFODGRV[ ][ ][ ][3] 3[ ][ ][3][F] F[ ][3][F][D] D[3][F][D][0] 0[F][D][0][4] 4

◊ 'LFD� ��� HVWXGH� D� LQVWUXomR� 5$/� H� XWLOL]H� R� FDUU\� IODJ� SDUDWUDQVSRUWDU�RV�ELWV�GH�XP�UHJLVWUDGRU�D�RXWUR��$�SDVVDJHP�GR�ELWPDLV� VLJQLILFDWLYR�GR� UHJLVWUDGRU�(�SDUD�R�ELW�PHQRV� VLJQLILFDWLYRGR�UHJLVWUDGRU�'��SRU�H[HPSOR��SRGH�VHU�IHLWD�FRP�

MOV A,E RAL MOV E,A MOV A,D RAL MOV D,A

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Page 168: Microprocessadores Conceitos Importantes-Roberto Ziller

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Page 170: Microprocessadores Conceitos Importantes-Roberto Ziller

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Page 171: Microprocessadores Conceitos Importantes-Roberto Ziller

'DWD�MXOLDQD ���

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;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;Juliana.asm - conversor de datas;Prof. Roberto M. Ziller - 04.01.2000;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;LETECLA EQU 02E7HMOSTRAD EQU 0363H

ORG 2000H

LXI SP,20C0H

LE1: CALL LETECLA ; 1. digito do dia CPI 0AH JP LE1 RLC RLC RLC RLC MOV E,ALE2: CALL LETECLA ; 2. digito do dia CPI 0AH JP LE2 ORA E MOV E,A MVI D,00H ; E contem dia em BCD e D = 0LE3: CALL LETECLA ; 1. digito do mes CPI 0AH JP LE3 MVI C,00H CPI 00 JZ LE4 MVI C,10DLE4: CALL LETECLA ; 2. digito do mes CPI 0AH JP LE4 ADD C SUI 01H MOV C,A ; C = mes-1 = numero de meses a somar CPI 00H JZ MOSTRA ; se mes = janeiro, esta pronto LXI H,DIAS MOV A,E ; A inicia com o dia...SOMA: ADD M ; ... e recebe os dias de cada mes DAA JNC CONT INR D ; "vai 1"CONT: INX H DCR C JNZ SOMA MOV E,AMOSTRA: CALL MOSTRAD ; resultado no campo de enderecos

Page 172: Microprocessadores Conceitos Importantes-Roberto Ziller

��� 0LFURSURFHVVDGRUHV��FRQFHLWRV�LPSRUWDQWHV

JMP LE1 ; volta ao passo 1 do enunciado

DIAS DB 31H,28H,31H,30H,31H,30H DB 31H,31H,30H,31H,30H,31H

END

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Page 173: Microprocessadores Conceitos Importantes-Roberto Ziller

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Page 174: Microprocessadores Conceitos Importantes-Roberto Ziller

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�����/LVWDJHP�GH�+H[&RQY�DVP

;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;HexConv.asm - conversao de base para numeros hexadecimais;Recebe do teclado um numero hexadecimal de 4 digitos;Recebe a base de saida (um numero decimal de 2 digitos);A base de saida deve estar entre 2 e 16, inclusive;Converte o numero para essa base; resultado no display;Campos de enderecos e dados formam um numero de 6 digitos;Prof. Roberto M. Ziller - 04.01.2000;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;LETECLA EQU 02E7HMOSTRAD EQU 0363HMOSTRAA EQU 036EH

ORG 2000H

LXI SP,2100HLOOP: CALL LENUM16 ; DOIS DIGITOS MAIS SIGNIFICATIVOS MOV D,A CALL LENUM16 ; DOIS DIGITOS MENOS SIGNIFICATIVOS MOV E,A PUSH D CALL MOSTRAD ; APRESENTA NUMERO A SER CONVERTIDO POP D CALL LENUM10 ; BASE DE SAIDA MOV C,A CALL HEXCONV ; CONVERTE. RESULTADO EM D, E e A PUSH PSW CALL MOSTRAD POP PSW CALL MOSTRAA JMP LOOP

;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;HEXCONV - converte numero hexa para a base de saida;Recebe numero no par DE e base de saida em C;Retorna resultado como numero de 6 digitos em D, E e A;Utiliza todos os regs;Chama a sub-rotina DIVHEXCONV: MVI B,00H ; CONTADOR DE DIGITOS DO RESULTADOMORE: CALL DIV ; QUOCIENTE EM DE E RESTO EM L PUSH H ; L CONTEM DIGITO DO RESULTADO INR B ; CONTA DIGITOS MOV A,D CPI 00H ; SE D <> 0, TEM MAIS JNZ MORE MOV A,E CPI 00H ; SE D == 0 MAS E <> 0, TEM MAIS JNZ MORE

Page 175: Microprocessadores Conceitos Importantes-Roberto Ziller

&RQYHUVmR�GH�EDVH ���

MVI A,00H ; TRIPLA DEA CONTEM 0 PARA COMECARGETDIG: MVI H,04H ; RESGATE DOS DIGITOS DA PILHAROTATE: ORA A ; ZERA CARRY FLAG RAL ; BIT MAIS SIGNIFICATIVO DE A EM CY MOV L,A MOV A,E ; ROTACIONA DIGITOS DA TRIPLA DEA RAL ; BIT MAIS SIGNIFICATIVO DE A EM E MOV E,A MOV A,D RAL ; BIT MAIS SIGNIFICATIVO DE E EM D MOV D,A MOV A,L DCR H JNZ ROTATE POP H ; L CONTEM DIGITO PARA A TRIPLA DEA ORA L ; INTRODUZ DIGITO RESGATADO DA PILHA DCR B ; TEM MAIS DIGITOS? JNZ GETDIG RET ; NUMERO CONVERTIDO EM DEA

;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;DIV - sub-rotina para divisao;Recebe dividendo em DE e divisor em C;Retorna quociente em DE e resto em L;Utiliza regs A, C, D, E, H e LDIV: LXI H,0000H MOV A,ETEST1: CMP C JC TEST2BACK: SUB C INX H JMP TEST1TEST2: MOV E,A MOV A,D CPI 00H JZ DONE DCR D MOV A,E JMP BACKDONE: XCHG RET

Page 176: Microprocessadores Conceitos Importantes-Roberto Ziller

��� 0LFURSURFHVVDGRUHV��FRQFHLWRV�LPSRUWDQWHV

;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;LENUM10 - le numero decimal de dois digitos;Retorna valor hexa do numero lido no acumulador;Utiliza os regs A, B, H e L;Chama LETECLALENUM10: CALL LETECLA RLC MOV B,A RLC RLC ADD B MOV B,A CALL LETECLA ADD B RET

;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;LENUM16 - le um numero hexadecimal de dois digitos;Retorna valor do numero lido no acumulador;Utiliza os regs A, B, H e L;Chama LETECLALENUM16: CALL LETECLA RLC RLC RLC RLC MOV B,A CALL LETECLA ADD B RET

END

Page 177: Microprocessadores Conceitos Importantes-Roberto Ziller

&RQYHUVmR�GH�EDVH ���

�����/LVWDJHP�GH�%DVH&RQY�DVP

;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;BaseConv.asm - programa de conversao de base;Recebe a base de entrada (numero decimal de 2 digitos);Recebe um numero de 4 digitos nessa base, sem verifica-lo;Recebe a base de saida (um numero decimal de 2 digitos);Ambas as bases devem estar entre 2 e 16, inclusive;Converte o numero da base de entrada para a base de saida;Apresenta o resultado no display;Campos de enderecos e dados formam um numero de 6 digitos;Prof. Roberto m. Ziller - 04.01.2000;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;LETECLA EQU 02E7HMOSTRAD EQU 0363HMOSTRAA EQU 036EH

ORG 2000H

LXI SP,2100HLOOP: CALL LENUM10 ; BASE DE ENTRADA LIDA (DECIMAL) MOV C,A CALL LENUM ; LE NUMERO DE 4 DIGS, CONVERTE P/ HEXA PUSH D CALL MOSTRAD ; APRESENTA NUMERO A CONVERTER EM HEXA POP D CALL LENUM10 ; BASE DE SAIDA MOV C,A CALL HEXCONV ; CONVERTE. RESULTADO EM D, E e A PUSH PSW CALL MOSTRAD POP PSW CALL MOSTRAA JMP LOOP

;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;HEXCONV - converte numero hexa para a base de saida;Recebe numero no par DE e base de saida em C;Retorna resultado como numero de 6 digitos em D, E e A;Utiliza todos os regs;Chama a sub-rotina DIVHEXCONV: MVI B,00H ; CONTADOR DE DIGITOS DO RESULTADOMORE: CALL DIV ; QUOCIENTE EM DE E RESTO EM L PUSH H ; L CONTEM DIGITO DO RESULTADO INR B ; CONTA DIGITOS MOV A,D CPI 00H ; SE D <> 0, TEM MAIS JNZ MORE MOV A,E CPI 00H ; SE D == 0 MAS E <> 0, TEM MAIS JNZ MORE

Page 178: Microprocessadores Conceitos Importantes-Roberto Ziller

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MVI A,00H ; TRIPLA DEA CONTEM 0 PARA COMECARGETDIG: MVI H,04H ; RESGATE DOS DIGITOS DA PILHAROTATE: ORA A ; ZERA CARRY FLAG RAL ; BIT MAIS SIGNIFICATIVO DE A EM CY MOV L,A MOV A,E ; ROTACIONA DIGITOS DA TRIPLA DEA RAL ; BIT MAIS SIGNIFICATIVO DE A EM E MOV E,A MOV A,D RAL ; BIT MAIS SIGNIFICATIVO DE E EM D MOV D,A MOV A,L DCR H JNZ ROTATE POP H ; L CONTEM DIGITO PARA A TRIPLA DEA ORA L ; INTRODUZ DIGITO RESGATADO DA PILHA DCR B ; TEM MAIS DIGITOS? JNZ GETDIG RET ; NUMERO CONVERTIDO EM DEA

;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;DIV - sub-rotina para divisao;Recebe dividendo em DE e divisor em C;Retorna quociente em DE e resto em L;Utiliza regs A, C, D, E, H e LDIV: LXI H,0000H MOV A,ETEST1: CMP C JC TEST2BACK: SUB C INX H JMP TEST1TEST2: MOV E,A MOV A,D CPI 00H JZ DONE DCR D MOV A,E JMP BACKDONE: XCHG RET

Page 179: Microprocessadores Conceitos Importantes-Roberto Ziller

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;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;MULT - sub-rotina para multiplicacao;Recebe multiplicando em DE e multiplicador em C;Retorna resultado em DE, preservando o multiplicador em C;Utiliza regs A, C, D, E, H e LMULT: XCHG LXI D,0000H MOV A,C CPI 00H RZ PUSH BMUL: MOV A,E ADD L MOV E,A MOV A,D ADC H MOV D,A DCR C JNZ MUL POP B RET

;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;LENUM;Le numero de 4 digitos na base contida em C;Converte p/ hexa e retorna esse valor no par DE;Utiliza todos os regs;Chama MULTLENUM: LXI D,0000H MVI B,04HMULBAS: CALL MULT ; MULTIPLICA PAR DE PELA BASE EM C CALL LETECLA ADD E MOV E,A JNC CONT INR DCONT: DCR B JNZ MULBAS RET

Page 180: Microprocessadores Conceitos Importantes-Roberto Ziller

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;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;LENUM10 - le um numero decimal de dois digitos;Retorna valor hexa do numero lido no acumulador;Utiliza os regs A, B, H e L;Chama LETECLALENUM10: CALL LETECLA RLC MOV B,A RLC RLC ADD B MOV B,A CALL LETECLA ADD B RET

END

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ORG RST7.5 ; Desvio da RST 7.5 HLT RET

END

Page 183: Microprocessadores Conceitos Importantes-Roberto Ziller

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ORG RST7.5 ; Desvio da RST 7.5 MVI A,01H RET

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Page 184: Microprocessadores Conceitos Importantes-Roberto Ziller

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EI RET

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+DELOLWDQGR�H�GHVDELOLWDQGR

8PD�VXJHVWmR�TXH�WDPEpP�DSDUHFH�FRP�FHUWD�IUHT�rQFLD�p�D�GH�GHVDELOLWDU�DVLQWHUUXSo}HV�HP�SRQWRV�FUtWLFRV�PHGLDQWH�D�LQVHUomR�GH�LQVWUXo}HV�',��GLVDEOHLQWHUUXSWV��H�(,��HQDEOH�LQWHUUXSWV��QR�FRUSR�GR�SURJUDPD�SULQFLSDO��GH�PRGRTXH� HVWH� Vy� SRVVD� VHU� LQWHUURPSLGR� TXDQGR� IRU� FRQYHQLHQWH�� (VWD� VROXomR� pXWLOL]DGD�HP�DOJXQV�FDVRV�PXLWR�HVSHFLDLV��PDV�HP�JHUDO�p�GHVDFRQVHOKDGD��SRLVVRIUH�GH�VpULDV�GHVYDQWDJHQV�

• p�GLItFLO�SUHYHU�WRGDV�DV�VLWXDo}HV�HP�TXH�DV�LQWHUUXSo}HV�GHYHP�VHU�LQLELGDV�

• PHVPR� HP� SURJUDPDV� SHTXHQRV�� SRGH� KDYHU� YiULRV� SRQWRV� RQGH� LVVR� pQHFHVViULR�

• R� SURJUDPD� SDVVD� D� VHU� LQFDSD]� GH� UHDJLU� jV� LQWHUUXSo}HV� GXUDQWH� YiULRVLQWHUYDORV��TXDQGR�p�MXVWDPHQWH�R�FRQWUiULR�TXH�VH�GHVHMD�

• D�PDQXWHQomR� GR� SURJUDPD� ILFD� H[WUHPDPHQWH� GLItFLO�� SRLV� FDGD� DOWHUDomRH[LJH�XPD�QRYD�DQiOLVH�GRV�SRQWRV�GH�LQLELomR�GDV�LQWHUUXSo}HV�H�p�SRUWDQWRIRQWH�GH�SHULJRVRV�HUURV�

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ORG 2000H

LXI SP,20C0H ; Inicializa pilha MVI A,18H ; Habilita 5.5, 6.5 e 7.5 SIM MVI A,00H STA COUNT EILOOP: LDA COUNT ADI 01H ; INR A não serve, não atualiza CY DAA ; Utiliza CY flag na correção STA COUNT CALL MOSTRAA MVI D,05H ; Atraso de 500ms CALL DELAY JMP LOOP

HNDLR: PUSH PSW MVI A,01H STA COUNT

Page 185: Microprocessadores Conceitos Importantes-Roberto Ziller

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POP PSW EI ; Volta a habilitar as interrupções RET

ORG RST7.5 ; Desvio da RST 7.5 JMP HNDLR

COUNT DB 00H ; Variável global, armazena contagem

END

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6XMDQGR�D�SLOKD

7DPEpP�SRGH�DSDUHFHU�D�LGpLD�GH�ID]HU�R�SURJUDPD�VDOWDU�GR�WUDWDGRU�GH�YROWDSDUD�R�LQtFLR� LXI SP,20C0H ; Inicializa pilha MVI A,18H ; Habilita 5.5, 6.5 e 7.5 SIMSTART: MVI A,00H STA COUNT EILOOP: LDA COUNT ADI 01H ; INR A não serve, não atualiza CY DAA ; utiliza CY flag na correção STA COUNT CALL MOSTRAA MVI D,05H ; Atraso de 500ms CALL DELAY JMP LOOP

Page 186: Microprocessadores Conceitos Importantes-Roberto Ziller

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HNDLR: EI ; Volta a habilitar as interrupções JMP START ORG RST7.5 ; Desvio da RST 7.5 JMP HNDLR

COUNT DB 00H ; Variável global, armazena contagem

END

(VWD� DERUGDJHP� p� GDV� SLRUHV�� SRLV� YLROD� GLUHWDPHQWH� D� UHJUD� TXH� GL]� TXH� RWUDWDGRU� QmR� GHYH� VXMDU� D� SLOKD�� 2� TXH� DFRQWHFH� DTXL� p� TXH� R� HQGHUHoR� GHUHWRUQR� GD� LQWHUUXSomR� ILFD� DUPD]HQDGR� QD� SLOKD�� SRLV� QmR� VH� H[HFXWD� DLQVWUXomR�5(7��$�FDGD�LQWHUUXSomR��D�SLOKD�UHFHEH�PDLV�XP�ZRUG�TXH�QXQFD�pUHWLUDGR��3DUD�FRQWRUQDU�HVWH�SUREOHPD��Ki�TXHP�VXJLUD� UHWLUDU�R�HQGHUHoR�GHUHWRUQR�FRP�XPD�LQVWUXomR�323��FRPR�VHJXH�HNDLR: POP B ; Par BC recebe endereço de retorno EI ; Volta a habilitar as interrupções JMP START ORG RST7.5 ; Desvio da RST 7.5 JMP HNDLR

COUNT DB 00H ; Variável global, armazena contagem

END

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ORG 2000H

LXI SP,20C0H ; Inicializa pilha MVI A,18H SIM ; Habilita 5.5, 6.5 e 7.5 MVI A,00H STA STATE ; Flag de reset da contagem STA COUNT ; Inicializa contagem EILOOP: LDA COUNT ADI 01H ; INR A não serve, não atualiza CY DAA ; Utiliza CY na correção STA COUNT CALL MOSTRAA MVI D,05H ; Atraso de 500ms CALL DELAY LDA STATE CPI 00H ; Testa critério de reinicialização JZ LOOP ; Continua contando se STATE = 0 MVI A,00H STA COUNT ; Caso contrário, zera a contagem STA STATE ; Reinicializa flag JMP LOOP

HNDLR: PUSH PSW MVI A,01H STA STATE EI POP PSW RET

STATE DB 00H ; Flag global alterado pelo tratadorCOUNT DB 00H ; Contagem

Page 188: Microprocessadores Conceitos Importantes-Roberto Ziller

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ORG 2000H

LXI SP,20C0H ; Inicializa pilha MVI A,02H ; Porta B como saida OUT COMMAND MVI A,01HLOOP: OUT LEDS ; Acende o LED correspondente a A RLC ; Rotaciona LED a acender PUSH PSW MVI D,02H ; Atraso de 200ms CALL DELAY ; Espera para ver LED aceso POP PSW JMP LOOP

RET

END

Page 194: Microprocessadores Conceitos Importantes-Roberto Ziller

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;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;Chaves.asm - Utilizacao de perifericos;Prof. Roberto M. Ziller - 04.01.2000;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;COMMAND EQU 20HCHAVES EQU 21HLEDS EQU 22H ORG 2000H MVI A,02H ; Porta A como entrada, B como saida OUT COMMANDLOOP: IN CHAVES ; Le chaves para o acumulador OUT LEDS ; Acende os LEDs correspondentes JMP LOOP RET

END

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1RWH� TXH� 0�� IRL� XWLOL]DGR� QD� LQVWUXomR� $''�� HPERUD� VHX� YDORU� QHVWHH[HPSOR�VHMD�LJXDO�D�]HUR��$�XWLOL]DomR�GD�FRQVWDQWH��QR�HQWDQWR��JDUDQWH�TXHR�SURJUDPD� FRQWLQXH� IXQFLRQDQGR� FRUUHWDPHQWH�PHVPR�TXH� D� RUGHP�GDVPDWUL]HV�GHQWUR�GR�VHJPHQWR�GH�GDGRV�VHMD�LQYHUWLGD�RX�TXH�RXWUDV�YDULiYHLVVHMDP�GHILQLGDV�DQWHV�GD�SULPHLUD�PDWUL]��2�H[HPSOR�LOXVWUD�D�XWLOLGDGH�GRVODEHOV�� TXH� GHYHP� VHU� HPSUHJDGRV� VHPSUH� TXH� IRU� QHFHVViULR� ID]HUUHIHUrQFLD�D�XP�RIIVHW�GHQWUR�GH�TXDOTXHU�VHJPHQWR�

��� 0RGLILTXH�R�SURJUDPD�FRQVWUXtGR�QR�LWHP�DQWHULRU�GH�PRGR�TXH�RV�YDORUHVGRV� HOHPHQWRV� GDV� PDWUL]HV� VHMDP� GH� ��� ELWV� �ZRUGV� HP� YH]� GH� E\WHV��2EVHUYH�R�SURJUDPD�FRP�FXLGDGR��SRLV�H[LVWHP�YiULDV�PRGLILFDo}HV�D�ID]HU�

��� $FUHVFHQWH�DR�SURJUDPD�XPD�WHUFHLUD�PDWUL]�SDUD�UHFHEHU�RV�UHVXOWDGRV�GDVRPD��SUHVHUYDQGR�DV�GXDV�PDWUL]HV�TXH�VmR�VRPDGDV�

Page 210: Microprocessadores Conceitos Importantes-Roberto Ziller

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Page 211: Microprocessadores Conceitos Importantes-Roberto Ziller

�����'HVYLDQGR�LQWHUUXSo}HV

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2�VLVWHPD�RSHUDFLRQDO�06�'26�QmR�RIHUHFH�VXSRUWH�j�PXOWLSURJUDPDomR��GHPRGR�TXH��QRUPDOPHQWH��R�XVXiULR�Vy�SRGH�LQVWDODU�QD�PHPyULD�XP�SURJUDPDGH� FDGD� YH]�� &RQVWLWXHP� H[FHomR� D� HVVD� UHJUD� RV� SURJUDPDV� FKDPDGRVUHVLGHQWHV�� RX� 765·V�� GR� LQJOrV� WHUPLQDWH� DQG� VWD\� UHVLGHQW�� 8P� H[HPSOR� GHSURJUDPD�UHVLGHQWH�p�R�GRVNH\��XWLOL]DGR�SDUD�´OHPEUDUµ�RV�FRPDQGRV�GLJLWDGRVSHOR�XVXiULR�H�IDFLOLWDU�VXD�UHSHWLomR��2V�YtUXV�WDPEpP�VmR�765·V�

3DUD� TXH� VH� WRUQH� DWLYR�� XP� SURJUDPD� UHVLGHQWH� SUHFLVD� VHU� FRORFDGR� QDPHPyULD� SRU� XP� SURJUDPD� LQVWDODGRU�� (VWH� DORFD� HVSDoR� SDUD� R� FyGLJR� TXHGHYH� SHUPDQHFHU� UHVLGHQWH�� HVWDEHOHFH� DV� FRQGLo}HV� SDUD� TXH� HVWH� VHMDH[HFXWDGR�H�HQWmR�UHWRUQD�DR�SURPSW�GR�VLVWHPD�RSHUDFLRQDO��(VVDV�FRQGLo}HVGH� H[HFXomR�SRGHP�YDULDU�EDVWDQWH�GH�XP�SURJUDPD�SDUD�RXWUR�� H� p� FRPXPTXH� LQFOXDP� FRQWDJHP� GH� WHPSR� RX� GHWHFomR� GH� FRPELQDo}HV� GH� WHFODV�� jVTXDLV� R� SURJUDPD� UHDJH�� 1R� FDVR� GR� GRVNH\�� SRU� H[HPSOR�� FDGD� FRPDQGRGLJLWDGR�SHOR�XVXiULR�H�FRQILUPDGR�FRP�D�WHFOD�(QWHU�p�DUPD]HQDGR�HP�XPD

OLVWD��$V� WHFODV� GH� VHWDV�↑� H�↓� SDVVDP� D� WHU� D� IXQomR� GH� SHUFRUUHU� HVVD� OLVWD�FRORFDQGR�RV�FRPDQGRV�Mi�GLJLWDGRV�QRYDPHQWH�j�GLVSRVLomR�GR�XVXiULR�

2V�765·V�FRQVHJXHP�SURYRFDU�HVVH� WLSR�GH�PXGDQoD�QR� FRPSRUWDPHQWR�GRVLVWHPD� DWUDYpV� GD� DOWHUDomR� GH� XP� RX� PDLV� WUDWDGRUHV� GH� LQWHUUXSomR�� 3DUDWDQWR��PRGLILFDP�D�WDEHOD�GH�LQWHUUXSo}HV�GH�PRGR�D�GHVYLDU�R�WUDWDPHQWR�GDLQWHUUXSomR�HP�TXHVWmR�SDUD�XP�WUHFKR�GH�FyGLJR�UHVLGHQWH��TXH�DJH�FRPR�XPWUDWDGRU� DOWHUQDWLYR�� 8WLOLWiULRV� VLPSOHV�� FRPR� FDOFXODGRUDV� H� DJHQGDV� TXHDSDUHFHP� DR� WRTXH� GH� XPD� FRPELQDomR� GH� WHFODV�� FRVWXPDP� PRGLILFDU� RVWUDWDGRUHV�GR�UHOyJLR�RX�GR�WHFODGR��PDV�R�PHVPR�SULQFtSLR�VH�DSOLFD�WDPEpPD�SURJUDPDV�PDLV�VRILVWLFDGRV��FRPR�FRPSDFWDGRUHV�GH�GLVFR�H�JHUHQFLDGRUHVGH�PHPyULD��TXH�LPSOHPHQWDP�DOJRULWPRV�PDLV�VRILVWLFDGRV�

Page 212: Microprocessadores Conceitos Importantes-Roberto Ziller

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([LVWHP�FDVRV�HP�TXH�XP�SURJUDPD�UHVLGHQWH�GHYH�VHU�DWLYDGR�DVVLP�TXH�QmRKRXYHU� RXWUD� WDUHID� D� VHU� H[HFXWDGD�� D� ILP� GH� DSURYHLWDU� R� WHPSR� RFLRVR� GRSURFHVVDGRU��(VWD�p�D�VLWXDomR�TXH�VH�WHP�TXDQGR�XP�SURJUDPD�DJXDUGD�TXH�RXVXiULR� GLJLWH� DOJXP� FRPDQGR�� RX� TXDQGR� QmR� Ki� TXDOTXHU� SURJUDPDFDUUHJDGR� SDUD� H[HFXomR�� (VWH� PHFDQLVPR� SRGH� VHU� ~WLO�� SRU� H[HPSOR�� SDUDLPSOHPHQWDU�765·V�GH�GLDJQyVWLFR��TXH�SRGHP�YHULILFDU�R�KDUGZDUH� LQVWDODGRHQTXDQWR�QmR�Ki�RXWUDV�WDUHIDV�SHQGHQWHV�8PD� YH]� TXH�� SRU� KLSyWHVH�� QmR� Ki� TXDOTXHU� DomR� GR� XVXiULR� TXH� SRVVD� VHUGHWHFWDGD� SDUD� GDU� LQtFLR� j� H[HFXomR� GR� SURJUDPD� UHVLGHQWH�� p� SUHFLVR� TXHH[LVWD� XPD� RXWUD� IRUPD� GH� DWLYi�OR� TXDQGR� R� VLVWHPD� RSHUDFLRQDO� HQWUDU� HPUHSRXVR��e�HVWD�D�IXQomR�GD�LQWHUUXSomR�Q~PHUR���+�GR�'26��FRQKHFLGD�SRU'26� LGOH� LQWHUUXSW� �LQWHUUXSomR� GH� UHSRXVR��� FXMR� WUDWDGRU� p� FKDPDGRFRQWLQXDPHQWH� VHPSUH�TXH�QmR�Ki�RXWUDV� WDUHIDV�SDUD�SURFHVVDU��3RU�GHIDXOW�HVVH�WUDWDGRU�WHP�DSHQDV�XPD�LQVWUXomR�,5(7��GH�PDQHLUD�TXH�QDGD�DFRQWHFHVH�QmR�KRXYHU�XP�SURJUDPD�765�LQVWDODGR�TXH�R�PRGLILTXH�2�SURJUDPD�GD�VHomR������PRGLILFD�R�WUDWDGRU�GD�LQWHUUXSomR���+�SDUD�LOXVWUDUR�IXQFLRQDPHQWR�GR�PHFDQLVPR�GH�LQWHUUXSomR�GR������

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$� H[LVWrQFLD� GD� LQWHUUXSomR� GH� UHSRXVR� GR�'26� FULRX� XP� SUREOHPD� SDUD� R:LQGRZV��&RPR�HVWH�p�XP�VLVWHPD�TXH�RIHUHFH�VXSRUWH�j�PXOWLSURJUDPDomR��RIDWR�GH�XPD� MDQHOD�GR�06�'26�HVWDU�HP�UHSRXVR�QmR�VLJQLILFD�TXH�QmR�KDMDRXWUDV� WDUHIDV� D� VHUHP� H[HFXWDGDV�� 3RUWDQWR�� VH� SDUD� FDGD� MDQHOD� 06�'26DEHUWD�� R� :LQGRZV� WLYHVVH� TXH� FKDPDU� FRQWLQXDPHQWH� R� WUDWDGRU� GDLQWHUUXSomR���+�−�TXH�QRUPDOPHQWH�H[HFXWD�DSHQDV�D�LQVWUXomR�GH�UHWRUQR�−�R�GHVHPSHQKR�GDV�RXWUDV�DSOLFDo}HV�SRGHULD�VHU�SUHMXGLFDGR�VHP�QHFHVVLGDGH�3RU�FDXVD�GLVVR��H[LVWH�XPD�GLIHUHQoD�HQWUH�D�H[HFXomR�GR�06�'26�D�SDUWLU�GR:LQGRZV� H� R� FDVR� HP� TXH� VH� LQLFLDOL]D� R� FRPSXWDGRU� DSHQDV� QR� PRGR06�'26�� 1R� SULPHLUR� FDVR�� DV� FKDPDGDV� GR� WUDWDGRU� GD� LQWHUUXSomR� GHUHSRXVR� FHVVDP� DSyV� DOJXQV� LQVWDQWHV� GH� LQDWLYLGDGH�� $VVLP�� R� SURJUDPD� GDVHomR������HQWUD�HP�UHSRXVR�ORJR�GHSRLV�TXH�FHVVD�D�DWLYLGDGH�GR�WHFODGR��,VWRQmR� LPSHGH� TXH� VH� REVHUYH� VHX� IXQFLRQDPHQWR�� PDV� SRGH� VHU� LQWHUHVVDQWHUHLQLFLDOL]DU�R�FRPSXWDGRU�QR�PRGR�06�'26�SDUD�REVHUYDU�D�GLIHUHQoD�

Page 213: Microprocessadores Conceitos Importantes-Roberto Ziller

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�����2�SURJUDPD

2�SURJUDPD�D�VHJXLU�GHVYLD�R�WUDWDGRU�GD�LQWHUUXSomR���+�SDUD�XP�WUHFKR�GHFyGLJR�SUySULR��TXH�SHUPDQHFH�UHVLGHQWH�H� LPSOHPHQWD�XP�FRQWDGRU�PyGXOR����6XD�FRQWDJHP�DSDUHFH�QD�WHOD��QD�SRVLomR�DWXDO�GR�FXUVRU��SHUPLWLQGR�DVVLPDFRPSDQKDU�DV�RFRUUrQFLDV�GHVVD�LQWHUUXSomR�;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;Ints86.asm - Interrupcoes do 8085;Prof. Roberto M. Ziller - 04.01.2000;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;PILHA SEGMENT STACK DW 128 DUP (?)PILHA ENDS

DADOS SEGMENTCONT DB 0 ; CONTAGEMATRASO DB 0 ; ATRASODADOS ENDS

CODIGO SEGMENT ASSUME CS:CODIGO, DS:DADOS, SS:PILHAINICIO: MOV AX,CS MOV DS,AX ; DS = CS MOV AH,25H ; FUNCAO SET INT VECTOR MOV AL,28H ; VETOR A MODIFICAR MOV DX,OFFSET CONTA ; OFFSET DO TRATADOR INT 21H ; SERVICO DO DOS

MOV AL,3 ; RETURN CODE MOV DX,0FFH ; PARAGRAPHS TO KEEP RESIDENT MOV AH,31H ; TSR INT 21H ; SERVICO DO DOS

CONTA: PUSH AX PUSH BX PUSH CX PUSH DS MOV AX,DADOS MOV DS,AX ; DS -> DADOS INC ATRASO CMP ATRASO,00H JNE SAIDA MOV AL,CONT INC AL CMP AL,10 JNE OK XOR AL,AL ; ZERA CONTAGEMOK: MOV CONT,AL OR AL,30H ; TRANSFORMA EM ASCII MOV AH,09 ; FUNCAO "WRITE CHAR" DA INT 10H MOV BH,0 ; PAGINA DE VIDEO MOV BL,7 ; ATRIBUTO

Page 214: Microprocessadores Conceitos Importantes-Roberto Ziller

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MOV CX,0001H ; NUMERO DE CARACTERES INT 10H ; SERVICO DO BIOSSAIDA: POP DS POP CX POP BX POP AX IRETCODIGO ENDS

END INICIO

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Page 215: Microprocessadores Conceitos Importantes-Roberto Ziller

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2� REMHWLYR� GHVWD� VHomR� p� DQDOLVDU� R� HPSUHJR� GDV� LQVWUXo}HV� 6726:� H0296:�GR������SDUD�LQLFLDOL]DU�XPD�iUHD�GH�PHPyULD�H�FRSLDU�XPD�WDEHOD�GHXP�VHJPHQWR�SDUD�RXWUR�

2� SURJUDPD� D� VHJXLU� UHVHUYD� XPD� iUHD� GH� WUDEDOKR� �%8))(5�� H� XWLOL]D� DLQVWUXomR�6726:�SDUD�LQLFLDOL]i�OD��(P�VHJXLGD��FRORFD�XPD�VpULH�GH�YDORUHV�QDSLOKD�H�FRSLD�HVVHV�YDORUHV�SDUD�D�iUHD�GH�WUDEDOKR�FRP�D�LQVWUXomR�0296:�$�ILP�GH�PDQWHU�R�SURJUDPD�VLPSOHV��QmR�IRUDP�LQFOXtGDV�HQWUDGD�QHP�VDtGDGH� GDGRV�� $� DQiOLVH� GR� IXQFLRQDPHQWR� GHYH� VHU� IHLWD� FRP� D� IHUUDPHQWD6\PGHE��8P�H[HPSOR�FRPSOHWR��FRP�HQWUDGD��SURFHVVDPHQWR�H�VDtGD��SRGH�VHUHQFRQWUDGR�QD�VHomR������

;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;Movs.asm - Copia de strings;Prof. Roberto M. Ziller - 04.01.2000;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;WCOUNT EQU 10HPILHA SEGMENT STACK DW 80H DUP (?)PILHA ENDS

DADOS SEGMENTBUFFER DW WCOUNT DUP(?)DADOS ENDS

CODE SEGMENT ASSUME CS:CODE,SS:PILHA,ES:DADOS PUBLIC SUJAR, STARTSTART: MOV AX,DADOS MOV ES,AX LEA DI,BUFFER MOV CX,WCOUNT MOV AX,1111H ; VALOR INICIAL DOS WORDS DE BUFFER CLD ; STRINGS MOVIDAS COM AUTO-INCREMENTOREP STOSW

Page 216: Microprocessadores Conceitos Importantes-Roberto Ziller

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MOV CX,WCOUNTSUJAR: PUSH CX ; COLOCA WCOUNT WORDS NA PILHALOOPNE SUJAR MOV AX,SS MOV DS,AX ; DS = SS MOV SI,SP ; SI = TOP OF STACK MOV CX,WCOUNT LEA DI,BUFFERREP MOVSW ; WCOUNT WORDS DO STACK P/ BUFFER

ADD SP,2*WCOUNT ; LIMPA A PILHA MOV AH,4CH INT 21H ; FIMCODE ENDS

END START

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��� (VFUHYD� XP� SURJUDPD� TXH� FRSLH� D� WDEHOD� GH� YHWRUHV� GH� LQWHUUXSomR� SDUDXPD�iUHD�GH� WUDEDOKR�H�TXH�YHULILTXH�HQWmR� VH�HVVD�iUHD� FRQWpP�XP�YHWRUFRP�R� YDORU� GR�RIIVHW� LJXDO� D� ����+��$�EXVFD� GHYH� VHU� IHLWD� XWLOL]DQGR� DLQVWUXomR�6&$6:�H�QmR�GHYH�VHU�HQFHUUDGD�VH�KRXYHU�DOJXP�VHJPHQWR�LJXDOD� ����+�� 2� SURJUDPD� GHYH� DSUHVHQWDU� FRPR� UHVXOWDGR� R� Q~PHUR� GRSULPHLUR�YHWRU�HQFRQWUDGR�FXMR�RIIVHW�p�]HUR�

Page 217: Microprocessadores Conceitos Importantes-Roberto Ziller

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2�SURJUDPD�D� VHJXLU� VROLFLWD� DR�XVXiULR�TXH�GLJLWH�XPD�VHT�rQFLD�GH� DWp����FDUDFWHUHV� H�� HP� VHJXLGD��XP� FDUDFWHU� GH� EXVFD��$� VHT�rQFLD� GH� FDUDFWHUHV� pHQWmR�YDUULGD�HP�EXVFD�GD�SULPHLUD�RFRUUrQFLD�GHVVH�FDUDFWHU�FRP�D�LQVWUXomR6&$6%��$VVLP�TXH� IRU�HQFRQWUDGR�XP�FDUDFWHU� LJXDO� DR�FDUDFWHU�GH�EXVFD��RSURJUDPD� DSUHVHQWD� XPD�PHQVDJHP�GL]HQGR� HP�TXH�SRVLomR� �GH� ��� D� ����RFDUDFWHU�IRL�HQFRQWUDGR���&DVR�R�FDUDFWHU�GH�EXVFD�QmR�IDoD�SDUWH�GD�VHT�rQFLD�R� SURJUDPD� DSUHVHQWD� XPD� PHQVDJHP� GL]HQGR� TXH� R� FDUDFWHU� QmR� IRLHQFRQWUDGR�;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;Scas.asm - Varredura de strings;Prof. Roberto M. Ziller - 04.01.2000;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;ENTER EQU 0DH

PILHA SEGMENT STACK DW 100 DUP (?)PILHA ENDS

DADOS SEGMENTMSGSTR DB 'ENTRE COM A STRING: $'MSGCHAR DB 'ENTRE COM O CARACTER A PROCURAR: $'MSGFND DB 'O CARACTER FOI ENCONTRADO NA POSICAO $'MSGNOT DB 'O CARACTER NAO FOI ENCONTRADO.'CRLF DB 0DH, 0AH, '$'BUFFER DB 101 DUP (?)DADOS ENDS

CODE SEGMENT ASSUME CS:CODE,ES:DADOS,SS:PILHASTART: MOV AX,DADOS MOV DS,AX MOV ES,AX

LEA AX,MSGSTR PUSH AX CALL SHOW ;SOLICITA STRING ADD SP,2

LEA AX,BUFFER PUSH AX CALL GETSTR ;STRING EM BUFFER E COMPRIMENTO EM CX ADD SP,2

LEA AX,MSGCHAR PUSH AX CALL SHOW ; SOLICITA CARACTER ADD SP,2

CALL GETCHAR ; CARACTER EM AL

LEA DI,BUFFER CLD

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REPNE SCASB ; VARRE STRING EM BUSCA DO CARACTER JNZ NO

LEA AX,MSGFND PUSH AX CALL SHOW ; CARACTER ENCONTRADO ADD SP,2

SUB DI,OFFSET BUFFER DEC DI ; DI = OFFSET DO CARACTER EM BUFFER MOV AX,DI MOV BL,10 DIV BL ; DIVIDE OFFSET DO CARACTER POR 10; MOV DX,AX ; DEZENA EM DL E UNIDADE EM DH ADD DX,3030H ; CONVERTE P/ ASCII MOV AH,02H INT 21H ; APRESENTA DEZENA MOV DL,DH INT 21H ; APRESENTA UNIDADE MOV DL,'.' INT 21H ; PONTO FINAL DA FRASE JMP FIM

NO: LEA AX,MSGNOT PUSH AX CALL SHOW ; CARACTER NAO ENCONTRADO ADD SP,2

FIM: MOV AH,4CH INT 21H

SHOW PROC NEAR PUSH BP MOV BP,SP MOV AH,09H LEA DX,CRLF INT 21H MOV DX,[BP+4] INT 21H POP BP RETSHOW ENDP

GETSTR PROC NEAR PUSH BP MOV BP,SP MOV BX,[BP+4] MOV CX,00HLOOP: MOV AH,01H INT 21H CMP AL,ENTER JZ OK MOV [BX],AL INC BX ; OFFSET DO CARACTER EM BUFFER INC CX ; NUMERO DE CARACTERES LIDOS CMP CX,100

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JB LOOPOK: MOV BYTE PTR [BX],'$' POP BP RETGETSTR ENDP

GETCHAR PROC NEAR MOV AH,01H INT 21H RETGETCHAR ENDP

CODE ENDS

END START

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����$EUHYLDWXUDV�XWLOL]DGDV�QD�WDEHOD�GH�LQVWUXo}HVAbreviatura Significadodado Constante de 8 bitsend Endereço de 16 bitsp Par de registradores (BC, DE ou HL)r Registrador (A, B, C, D, E, H ou L)Z Zero flagS Sign flagP Parity flagCY Carry flagA Auxiliary Carry flag-/*/0/1 Não afeta/afeta/zera/seta flag

����'LUHWLYDVNome SignificadoDB <valor>(,...) Define byteEND EndEQU EquateORG <endereço> Origin

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Mnem. Operando Opcode ZSPCA DescriçãoACI dado CE ***** Soma dado imediato e CY a AADC r 88-8F ***** Soma registrador e CY a AADC M 8E ***** Soma byte endereçado por HL e CY a AADD r 80-87 ***** Soma registrador a AADD M 86 ***** Soma byte endereçado por HL a AADI dado C6 ***** Soma dado imediato a AANA r A0-A7 ***** A = AND de A com registradorANA M A6 ***** A = AND de A com byte endereçado por HLANI dado E6 ***** A = AND de A com dado imediatoCALL end CD ----- Chamada de sub-rotinaCC end DC ----- CALL se CY = 1CM end FC ----- CALL se S = 1CMA 2F ----- Complementa ACMC 3F ---*- Complementa CYCMP r B8-BF ***** Compara A com registradorCMP M BE ***** Compara A com byte endereçado por HLCNC end D4 ----- CALL se CY = 0CNZ end C4 ----- CALL se Z = 0CP end F4 ----- CALL se S = 0CPE end EC ----- CALL se P = 1 (parity even)CPI dado FE ***** Compara A com dado imediatoCPO end E4 ----- CALL se P = 0 (parity odd)CZ end CC ----- CALL se Z = 1DAA 27 ***** Ajuste de A após soma BCDDAD B 09 ---*- Soma o par BC a HLDAD D 19 ---*- Soma o par DE a HLDAD H 29 ---*- Soma o par HL a HLDAD SP 39 ---*- Soma SP a HLDCR A 3D ***-* Decrementa ADCR B 05 ***-* Decrementa BDCR C 0D ***-* Decrementa CDCR D 15 ***-* Decrementa DDCR E 1D ***-* Decrementa EDCR H 25 ***-* Decrementa HDCR L 2D ***-* Decrementa LDCR M 35 ***-* Decrementa byte endereçado por HLDCX p 0B,1B,2B,3B ----- Decrementa par de registradores ou SPDI F3 ----- Desabilita interrupçõesEI FB ----- Habilita interrupçõesHLT 76 ----- Pára o processamentoIN end DB ----- Lê byte do end. de I/O fornecido p/ AINR A 3C ***-* Incrementa AINR B 04 ***-* Incrementa BINR C 0C ***-* Incrementa CINR D 14 ***-* Incrementa DINR E 1C ***-* Incrementa EINR H 24 ***-* Incrementa HINR L 2C ***-* Incrementa LINR M 34 ***-* Incrementa byte endereçado por HLINX p 03,13,23,33 ----- Incrementa par de registradores ou SPJC end DA ----- Desvia se CY = 1JM end FA ----- Desvia se S = 1JMP end C3 ----- Desvio incondicionalJNC end D2 ----- Desvia se CY = 0JNZ end C2 ----- Desvia se Z = 0JP end F2 ----- Desvia se S = 0JPE end EA ----- Desvia se P = 1 (parity even)JPO end E2 ----- Desvia se P = 0 (parity odd)JZ end CA ----- Desvia se Z = 1LDA end 3A ----- Lê byte do endereço fornecido para ALDAX B 0A ----- Lê byte endereçado pelo par BC para ALDAX D 1A ----- Lê byte endereçado pelo par DE para A

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Mnem. Operando Opcode ZSPCA DescriçãoLHLD end 2A ----- Lê word do endereço fornecido para HLLXI p,dado 01,11,21,31 ----- Copia dado imediato para par de regsMOV A,r 78-7F ----- Copia reg para AMOV B,r 40-47 ----- Copia reg para BMOV C,r 48-4F ----- Copia reg para CMOV D,r 50-57 ----- Copia reg para DMOV E,r 58-5F ----- Copia reg para EMOV H,r 60-67 ----- Copia reg para HMOV L,r 68-6F ----- Copia reg para LMOV M,r 70-77 ----- Copia reg para o byte endereçado por HLMOV r,M 46,4E,...,7E ----- Copia byte endereçado por HL para regMVI r,dado 06,0E,...,3E ----- Copia dado imediato para regMVI M,dado 36 ----- Copia dado para o byte endereçado por HLNOP 00 ----- Operação nulaORA r B0-B7 ***00 A = OU de A com registradorORA M B6 ***00 A = OU de A com byte endereçado por HLORI dado F6 ***00 A = OU de A com dado imediatoOUT endereço D3 ----- Escreve A no endereço de I/O fornecidoPCHL E9 ----- Copia HL para PC (causa um desvio)POP p C1-D1-E1 ----- Desempilha um word e coloca no par pPOP PSW F1 ***** Desempilha um word e coloca em PSWPUSH p C5-D5-E5 ----- Empilha par pPUSH PSW F5 ----- Empilha PSWRAL 17 ---*- Rotaciona A + CY para a esquerdaRAR 1F ---*- Rotaciona A + CY para a direitaRC D8 ----- RET se CY = 1RET C9 ----- Desempilha word e coloca em PCRIM 20 ----- Copia a máscara de interrupção para ARLC 07 ---*- Rotaciona A à esquerda; CY = MSB de ARM F8 ----- RET se S = 1RNC D0 ----- RET se CY = 0RNZ C0 ----- RET se Z = 0RP F0 ----- RET se S = 0RPE E8 ----- RET se P = 1 (parity even)RPO E0 ----- RET se P = 0 (parity odd)RRC 0F ---*- Rotaciona A à direita; CY = LSB de ARST 0 C7 ----- Interrupção de software 0; PC = 0000HRST 1 CF ----- Interrupção de software 1; PC = 0008HRST 2 D7 ----- Interrupção de software 2; PC = 0010HRST 3 DF ----- Interrupção de software 3; PC = 0018HRST 4 E7 ----- Interrupção de software 4; PC = 0020HRST 5 EF ----- Interrupção de software 5; PC = 0028HRST 6 F7 ----- Interrupção de software 6; PC = 0030HRST 7 FF ----- Interrupção de software 7; PC = 0038HRZ C8 ----- RET se Z =1SBB r 98-9F ***** Subtrai r e CY de ASBB M 9E ***** Subtrai byte endereçado por HL e CY de ASBI dado DE ***** Subtrai dado imediato e CY de ASHLD endereço 22 ----- Copia par HL para os bytes end e end+1SIM 30 ----- Copia A para a máscara de interrupçãoSPHL F9 ----- Copia HL para SP (afeta topo da pilha)STA endereço 32 ----- Copia A para o endereço fornecidoSTAX B 02 ----- Copia A para o byte endereçado por BCSTAX D 12 ----- Copia A para o byte endereçado por DESTC 37 ---1- Seta CYSUB r 90-97 ***** Subtrai r de ASUB M 96 ***** Subtrai byte endereçado por HL de ASUI dado D6 ***** Subtrai dado imediato de AXCHG EB ----- Permuta pares HL e DEXRA r A8-AF ***00 A = XOR de A com rXRA M AE ***00 A = XOR de A com byte endereçado por HLXRI dado EE ***00 A = XOR de A com dado imediatoXTHL E3 ----- Permuta HL com word no topo da pilha

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����$EUHYLDWXUDV��IODJV�H�GLUHWLYDVShort name Meaninga Addressc Countd Destinatione Expression or stringp I/O portr Registers Sourcesr Segment register (CS,DS,SS,ES)sy Symbolt Type of symbol

Flag Short MeaningOF O Overflow Flag (Bit 11)DF D Direction Flag (Bit 10)IF I Interrupt enable Flag (Bit 9)TF T Trap Flag (Bit 8)SF S Sign Flag (Bit 7)ZF Z Zero Flag (Bit 6)AF A Auxiliary carry Flag (Bit 4)PF P Parity Flag (Bit 2)CF C Carry Flag (Bit 0)Affected? -/*/0/1/? Unaffected/affected/reset/set/unknown

Name FunctionALIGN Align to word boundaryASSUME sr:sy(,...) Assume segment register name(s)ASSUME NOTHING Remove all former assumptionsDB e(,...) Define Byte(s)DBS e Define Byte StorageDD e(,...) Define Double Word(s)DDS e Define Double Word StorageDW e(,...) Define Word(s)DWS e Define Word StorageEND <label> End and entry point of programEXT (sr:)sy(t) External(s)(t=ABS/BYTE/DWORD/FAR/NEAR/WORD)LABEL t Label (t=BYTE/DWORD/FAR/NEAR/WORD)PROC t Procedure (t=FAR/NEAR, default NEAR)

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����7LSRVABS Absolute value of operandBYTE Byte type operationDWORD Double Word operationFAR IP and CS registers alteredHIGH High-order 8 bits of 16-bit valueLENGTH Number of basic unitsLOW Low-order 8 bit of 16-bit valueNEAR Only IP register need be alteredOFFSET Offset portion of an addressPTR Create a variable or labelSEGMENTO Segment of addressSHORT One byte for a JMP operationSIZE Number of bytes defined by statementTHIS Create a variable/label of specified typeTYPE Number of bytes in the unit definedWORD Word operation

����$V�,QVWUXo}HVMnemonic ODITSZAPC DescriptionAAA ?---??*?* ASCII Adjust for Add in AXAAD ?---**?*? ASCII Adjust for Divide in AXAAM ?---**?*? ASCII Adjust for Multiply in AXÀS ?---??*?* ASCII Adjust for Subtract in AXADC d,s *---***** Add with CarryADD d,s *---***** AddAND d,s *---**?** Logical ANDCALL a --------- CallCBW --------- Convert Byte to Word in AXCLC --------0 Clear CarryCLD -0------- Clear Direction (increment)CLI --0------ Clear InterruptCMC --------* Complement CarryCMP d,s *---***** CompareCMPS *---***** Compare memory at SI and DICWD --------- Convert Word to Double in AX,DXDAA ?---***** Decimal Adjust for Add in AXDAS ?---***** Decimal Adjust for Subtract in AXDEC d *---****- DecrementDIV s ?---????? Divide (unsigned) in AX(,DX)ESC s --------- Escape (to external device)HLT --------- HaltIDIV s ?---????? Divide (signed) in AX(,DX)IMUL s *---????* Multiply (signed) in AX(,DX)IN d,p --------- InputINC d *---****- IncrementINT --00----- InterruptINTO --**----- Interrupt on OverflowIRET ********* Interrupt ReturnJB/JNAE a --------- Jump on Below/Not Above or EqualJBE/JNA a --------- Jump on Below or Equal/Not AboveJCXZ a --------- Jump on CX ZeroJE/JZ a --------- Jump on Equal/ZeroJL/JNGE a --------- Jump on Less/Not Greater or EqualJLE/JNG a --------- Jump on Less or Equal/Not Greater

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Mnemonic ODITSZAPC DescriptionJMP a --------- Unconditional JumpJNB/JAE a --------- Jump on Not Below/Above or EqualJNBE/JÁ a --------- Jump on Not Below or Equal/AboveJNL/JGE a --------- Jump on Not Less/Greater or EqualJNE/JNZ a --------- Jump on Not Equal/Not ZeroJNLE/JG a --------- Jump on Not Less or Equal/GreaterJNO a --------- Jump on Not OverflowJNP/JPO a --------- Jump on Not Parity/Parity OddJNS a --------- Jump on Not SignJO a --------- Jump on OverflowJP/JPE a --------- Jump on Parity/Parity EvenJS a --------- Jump on SignLAHF --------- Load AH with 8080 FlagsLDS r,s --------- Load pointer to DSLEA r,s --------- Load EA to registerLES r,s --------- Load pointer to ESLOCK --------- Bus Lock prefixLODS --------- Load memory at SI into AXLOOP a --------- Loop CX timesLOOPNZ/LOOPNE a --------- Loop while Not Zero/Not EqualLOOPZ/LOOPE a --------- Loop while Zero/EqualMOV d,s --------- MoveMOVS --------- Move memory at SI to DIMUL s *---????* Multiply (unsigned) in AX(,DX)NEG d *---***** NegateNOP --------- No Operation (= XCHG AX,AX)NOT d --------- Logical NOTOR d,s *---**?** Logical inclusive OROUT p,s --------- OutputPOP d --------- PopPOPF ********* Pop FlagsPUSH s --------- PushPUSHF --------- Push FlagsRCL d,c *-------* Rotate through Carry LeftRCR d,c *-------* Rotate through Carry RightREP/REPNE/REPNZ --------- Repeat/Repeat Not Equal/Not ZeroREPE/REPZ --------- Repeat Equal/ZeroRET (s) --------- Return from callROL d,c -------- Rotate LeftROR d,c *-------* Rotate RightSAHF ----***** Store AH into 8080 FlagsSAR d,c *---**?** Shift Arithmetic RightSBB d,s *---***** Subtract with BorrowSCAS *---***** Scan memory at DI compared to AXSEG r --------- Segment registerSHL/SAL d,c *---**?** Shift logical/Arithmetic LeftSHR d,c *---**?** Shift logical RightSTC --------1 Set Carry flagSTD -1------- Set Direction flag (decrement)STI --1------ Set Interrupt flagSTOS --------- Store AX into memory at DISUB d,s *---***** SubtractTEST d,s *---**?** AND function to flagsWAIT --------- WaitXCHG r(,d) --------- ExchangeXLAT --------- Translate byte to ALXOR d,s *---**?** Logical Exclusive OR

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