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MicrosoftVirtual Academy
Hyper-V High Availability and Live Migration
Symon Perriman Jeff WoolseyTechnical Evangelist Principal Program Manager
Introduction to Hyper-V Jump StartFirst Half Second Half
(01) Introduction to Microsoft Virtualization
(05) Hyper-V Management
(02) Hyper-V Infrastructure (06) Hyper-V High Availability and
Live Migration
(03) Hyper-V Networking (07) Integration with System Center
2012 Virtual Machine Manager
(04) Hyper-V Storage(08) Integration with Other System
Center 2012 Components
** MEAL BREAK **
MicrosoftVirtual Academy
• High Availability Planning• Cluster Deployment• Hyper-V Optimization on a Cluster• Cluster Shared Volumes & Live Migration• Hyper-V Replica
Agenda
High AvailabilityPlanning
Why is HA Important?• Server downtime is inevitable• Servers will go offline due to
• Maintenance• Upgrade • Software or Hardware
• Update• Hotfix, Security Patch
• Disaster• Power Outage• Accident
Complete Redundancy In the BoxDisaster Recovery
• Hyper-V Replica for Asynchronous Replication• CSV 2.0 Integration with Storage Arrays for Synchronous
Replication
Application/Service Failover
• Non-Cluster Aware Apps: Hyper-V App Monitoring• VM Guest Cluster: iSCSI, Fiber Channel• VM Guest Teaming of SR-IOV NICs
I/O Redundancy• Network Load Balancing & Failover via Windows NIC Teaming• Storage Multi-Path IO (MPIO)• Multi-Channel SMB
Physical Node Redundancy
• Live Migration for Planned Downtime• Failover Cluster for Unplanned Downtime
Hardware Fault • Windows Hardware Error Architecture (WHEA)• Reliability, Availability, Serviceability (RAS)
Overview of Failover Clustering
Public
Shared Storage
VMs & Workloads
VMs & Workloads
Host ClusteringAvoids a single point of failure when consolidatingVMs survive host crashes
VMs restarted on another node
Restart VM crashesVM OS restarted on same node
Recover VM hangsVM OS restarted on same node
Zero downtime maintenance & patchingLive migrate VMs to other hosts
Mobility & load distributionLive migrate VMs to different servers to load balance
SAN
Cluster
Guest ClusteringApplication Health MonitoringApp or service within VM crashes or hangs and moves to another VM
Application MobilityApps or services moves to another VM for maintenance or patching of guest OS
Virtualized HBAsiSCSI (2008 R2 & 2012)Fibre Channel (2012)
Combine physical &virtual servers
iSCSI or FC
Cluster
Combining Host & Guest Clustering Best of both worlds for flexibility and protection
VM high availability & mobility between physical nodesApplication & service high availability & mobility between VMs
Increases complexity
CLUSTER CLUSTERiSCSI or FC
Guest Cluster
SAN SAN
Increased Scalability8,000 VMs across 64 nodes1,024 VMs per node
320 logical processors per host64 virtual processors per VM
4 TB of RAM per host1 TB of RAM per VM
64 TB per virtual disk (.vhdx)More storage choicesHyper-V over SMBVirtual Fibre Channel HBA (guest clustering)
. . .
Sca
le u
p
Scale out
..
.
Failover Cluster Deployment
Hyper-V Validation TestsFaster storage validationSelect a specific LUNReplicated storage for multi-siteNew Hyper-V Configuration Tests
Run when Hyper-V role is installedIntegration ComponentsMemory CompatibilityVirtual Switch CompatibilityHyper-V Role EnabledNetwork ConfigurationStorage Configuration
Upgrading Clusters to Windows Server 2012Cluster Migration WizardAutomated export / import of VMsMigrate to CSV disksStorage mappingVirtual network mappingUse the same storage or different storage
Hyper-V Optimization on a Cluster
• Start Order• Node Maintenance• Running Priority
• Pre-emption shuts down lower priority VMs
• No Auto Start• Must be restarted manually
Virtual Machine Priority
High Medium Low
Disable Starting Low Priority VMs
• ‘Auto Start’ setting configures if a VM should be automatically started on failover• Group property• Disabling mark groups as lower priority• Enabled by default
• Disabled VMs needs manual restart to recover after a crash
Also in Windows Server 2008 R2
Keep VMs on Preferred Hosts• ‘Preferred Owners’• VMs will start on preferred host
• ‘Possible Owners’• VMs will start on a possible owner, only if a
preferred owner is not available
• If neither a preferred or possible owner is available, the VM will move to an active node, but not start
Start VMs on Preferred Hosts• ‘Persistent Mode’ will attempt to
place VMs back on the last node they were hosted on during start• Only takes affect when complete cluster is started up• Prevents overloading the first nodes that startup with
large numbers of VMs
• Better VM distribution after cold start
• Enabled by default for VM groups• Option is hidden from GUI in 2012
Keep VMs off the Same Host• AntiAffinityClassNames
• Groups with same AACN try to avoid residing on the same node• Configured by PowerShell directly on the cluster • System Center 2012 VMM has a GUI “Availability Groups”• Enables VM distribution across host nodes for best resource utilization• Scenarios
• Separate similar VMs• Guest cluster nodes• DCs or infrastructure servers
• Separate tenets• For affinity, use preferred owners
CLUSTER
• Enable VM heartbeat setting• Requires Integration Components (ICs)
installed in VM
• Health check for VM OS from host• User-Mode Hangs• System Crashes
VM Health Monitoring
SAN
VM Guest Service MonitoringThe host monitors the guest VMAny application with a serviceUses Service Control Manager
Configurable recovery actionsRestart serviceReboot VMMove VM
Node Drain (Node Maintenance) ModeDrain all VMs off a nodeSupports all cluster roles Role-specific featuresLive migration or quick migration for VMs Uses VM Priority
Suspend-ClusterNodeResume-ClusterNode
Windows Update
• Automated cluster updating• Coordinator serially updates all nodes
• Windows Update Agent (WUA)• Windows Server Update Services (WSUS)• Windows Update
• Workflow1. Scan nodes to find which patches are needed2. Identify node with fewest workloads3. Move workloads or live migration VMs to other nodes4. Call to WUA to patch 5. Verify patch is successful6. Repeat steps 2 – 5 on next node7. Repeat on remaining nodes
Cluster-Aware Updating UpdateCoordinator
So You’re a Building a Cloud…
I have good processes in place, but what other
safeguards can I use to protect my data?
Server Hard Disks Appear on eBayReal Case : A US Power Company
• The Company had processes in place to either physically
destroy drives or scrub them to U.S. DOD standards
• Degaussing
• Overwriting the data with a minimum of three specified patterns
• Data on drives used in servers, contained:
• Proprietary company information such as memos, correspondence
• Customers data (460,000+) & Confidential employee information
According to Gartner about 1/3 companies use outside firms to dispose of PCs & Servers
HIPAA Breach: Stolen Hard Drives• March 2012: Large Medical Provider in Tennessee paying
$1.5 million to the US Dept. Health & Human Services• Theft of 57 hard drives that contained protected health information (ePHI) for over 1 million
individuals
• Secured by:• Security Patrols• Biometric scanner• Keycard scanner• Magnetic locks• Keyed locks
“71% of health care organizations have suffered at least one data breach within the last year” -Study by Veriphyr
Critical Safeguard for the CloudEncrypted cluster volumes
• BitLocker encrypted cluster disks• Support for traditional failover disks
• Support for Cluster Shared Volumes
• Cluster Name Object (CNO) identity used to lock and unlock Clustered volumes
• Enables physical security for deployments outside of secure datacenters• Branch office deployments
• Volume level encryption for compliance requirements
• Negligible (<1%) performance impact
Cluster Shared Volumes & Live Migration
Cluster Shared Volumes (CSV)All cluster nodes can read/write to the CSV volumeLUN ownership by node abstracted from applicationApplications failover without drive ownership changesNo dismounting and remounting of volumesFaster failover times (less downtime)
New CSV Architecture in Windows Server 2012What it delivers Improved interoperability with file system mini-filter drivers
Anti-virus softwareBackup software (No more redirected mode for backups!)
Infrastructure for application consistent distributed backupsIntegrate with new file system features
Support for Offloaded Data Transfer (ODX)Spot-fixing integrated to do online correction
Significant performance improvementsSupports BitLocker encrypted volumesMemory mapped files now supportedNo longer Active Directory dependencies for improved performance and resiliency
Your Thoughts on VM Mobility
• Don’t provide new features that preclude Live Migration.
• I want to be able to securely move any part of a VM anywhere at anytime. No Limits.
• No Downtime Servicing• SAN Upgrades/Migrations
• When VMs migrate, move the historical data with the VM
• Fully Leverage hardware to speed migrations
Improved Live Migration• Live Migration Queuing• Concurrent Live Migrations
Concurrent Live Migrations:
Multiple simultaneous LMs for a given source or target
Live Migration Queuing:In-box tools queue & manage
large numbers of VMs
Entire VM memory copied
Live Migration
May be additional incremental data copies until data on both nodes is essentially identical
Memory content is copied to new
serverLive Migrate
VHD
SAN
Enable-VMMigration, Move-VM
Live MigrationSession state is maintained
No reconnections necessary
Clients stay connected to VM
ARP redirects clients to new nodeOld VM deleted after success VHD
SAN
Client directed to new host
Multiple live migrations can be performed either concurrently or as a queued request
Live Migration with SMBFile Based Storage SolutionStorage is not moved, just the running virtual machineLike live migration in a cluster, without high availability
Requires SMB 3.0
Shared Nothing Live Migration Ability to live migrate a virtual machine with only an Ethernet cableThe VM is mirrored to the destination first over the network and then the VM is migratedLive Migrate in/out clusterLive Migrate between clusters
Storage MigrationMove any part of a running virtual machine with no need to turn it offVHDsConfig filesSnapshots
Perform storage upgrades with no downtimeRespond to I/O bottlenecks with no downtime
Move-VMStorage
Storage Migration ArchitectureHyper-V
VHD Software
Virtual Machine
Source Device Destination DeviceVHD
Storage Migration ArchitectureHyper-V
VHD Software
Virtual Machine
Source Device Destination DeviceVHD VHD
Storage Migration ArchitectureHyper-V
VHD Software
Virtual Machine
Source Device Destination DeviceVHD VHD
Storage Migration ArchitectureHyper-V
VHD Software
Virtual Machine
Source Device Destination DeviceVHD VHD
Storage Migration ArchitectureHyper-V
VHD Software
Virtual Machine
Source Device Destination DeviceVHD
Move-VMStorage "File Server 3" –DestinationStoragePath "K:\File Server 3"
Hyper-V Replica
45
Disaster Recovery Challenges
• Cost
• Complexity
• Inflexibility
• Initial Replication
• Distance Requirements
46
Hyper-V Replica
Disaster recovery scenarios Planned, unplanned, and test failoverPre-configuration for IP settings for primary/remote location
Key featuresRecovery point objective and recovery time objective in minutesSeamless integration with Hyper-V and clusteringAutomatically handles all VM mobility scenarios (e.g. live migration)Supports heterogonous storage between primary and recoveryIntegrates with Volume Shadow Services (VSS) Enable-VMReplication
Set-VMReplicationServer
NASA Image: Hurricane Sandy
Hurricane Sandy: Email from 10/30/12
Good morning;The Hurricane hit our area badly; many downed trees, even on my wife’s car. Flooding and total power cuts were everywhere. We are very grateful that everyone is well.I now want to thank the Microsoft 2012 server team for giving businesses the new replica feature. Two of our clients (both whom cannot be without their IT infrastructure) were flooded entirely, and might take 2 weeks to get back into their businesses. At 7pm last night we failed over their entire domains to the Replica site, and they have been able to continue their daily business with ZERO interruption. “Windows Server 2012 saved their business”.
Hyper-V ReplicaComplements Array Based Replication
Replication Provider
Cost Management Performance
Hyper-VReplica
Microsoft • Flexible Storage Options Available
• Unlimited VM Replication included
• VM Granularity• Open APIs
provide extensibility, interoperability and prevent vendor lock-in
• 5 minutes RPOs• Application Level
Consistency• File Level
Consistency
Storage Based
Replication
NetApp, HP, Fujitsu,IBM, Hitachi,
FalconStor, 3Par, EMC, LSI, Compellent, EqualLogic and
more…
• High end replicating storage
• Additional replication software
• LUN-VM Layout• Coordination
with storage team
• Synchronous Replication
• High Data Volumes
Key Hyper-V Replica TakeawaysEasy to SetupVia wizardOr, via PowerShell
Works with your current hardwareAll you need is two connected servers running Windows Server 2012No Guest Dependencies
©2013 Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved. Microsoft, Windows, Office, Azure, System Center, Dynamics and other product names are or may be registered trademarks and/or trademarks in the U.S. and/or other countries. The information herein is for informational purposes only and represents the current view of Microsoft Corporation as of the date of this presentation. Because Microsoft must respond to changing market conditions, it should not be interpreted to be a commitment on the part of Microsoft, and Microsoft cannot guarantee the accuracy of any information provided after the date of this presentation. MICROSOFT MAKES NO WARRANTIES, EXPRESS, IMPLIED OR STATUTORY, AS TO THE INFORMATION IN THIS PRESENTATION.
New Live MigrationsStorage live migrationNetwork live migration“Shared nothing” live migrationHyper-V Replica
New Live Migrations
Branch Office
VHD
Storage Live Migration:Moves VHDs from one disk to
another, supports concurrent LMs
Hyper-V Replica:Point-in-time
replication of VHDs for disaster recovery
SAN
VHD
Network Live Migration: Moves VMs across the
network, supports concurrent LMs Network
“Shared Nothing” Live Migration:
Moves VMs & VHDs across the network & SAN, supports concurrent
LMs
Network