Microwave Electronic Devices

Emad HegaziAssociate Professor, ECE

Emad.hegazi@eng.asu.edu.eg Fall2013

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How to Contact Me

• Email:Emad.hegazi@eng.asu.edu.edu

• Webpagehttp://portal.eng.asu.edu.eg/emadhegazi/content/sbsoid57954dio.php

• Office hours on Saturday

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Cheating Policy

It is very simple!

• If you cheat you get a BIG FAT ZERO

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Lecture Room Rules

• Lecture starts ON time exactly• If you find the door open, you may walk in

without permission• If closed, go away.• Leave at any point in time without permission

and without making up excuses• Eating and drinking inside the lecture room is

OK. Just don’t eat something crunchy or smelly.Fall

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References

• For vacuum state devices: Samuel Liao1990• For Parametric Amplifiers: Robert Collin2002

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A Brief History of Microwave Devices

Prologue

The Grand Overture

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James Clerk Maxwell1831-1879

The genius who did it all

=

When he was about your age

Drive

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Then Came the Proof

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Brush Regularly

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Finally, Comes the Money

• Engineers make money

• Thomas Edison is the ultimate engineer

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Marconi and Radio

• Got dragged into this by reading his professor’s tribute to Hertz

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How it All Started

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Amplifying Tube

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The First Computer: ENIAC

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The First Transistor

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Here Comes the Egyptian

• John (Martin) Attalla and Dawon Khang 1960

• Attalla was born in Port Said, 1924

• MOS was done at Bell Labs

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OMG This is OoooooLD

• Yes it is, BUT• Klystrons are still in use

in military and in broadcast applications

• Attempts at Stanford to build on-silicon Klystrons for Tera-Hz applications in 2010

• There are still some interesting concepts

• Magnetrons are used in microwave ovens

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It is all about Output Power

Solid State

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Table 1Ku-band KPA Specifications

Frequency range (GHz)

13.75 to 14.5012.75 to 13.2517.30 to 18.1017.30 to 18.40

Klystron rated power (min) (kW)  

Ku bandAstra bandDBS band

2.42.2

2.4 (1.7 for 18.4 GHz)

Preset channels up to 24

Gain (at rated output) (min) (dB)  

Ku and Astra bandDBS band

8075

Power adjustability 0 to -23 dB (of output)

Input SWR (max) 1.20 (Ku, Astra)1.25 (DBS)

Output SWR (typ) 1.25 (Ku)1.30 (DBS)

Residual AM* (max) (dBc)-50 up to 400 Hz

-60, 400 Hz to 2 kHz-80, 2 kHz to 500 kHz

AM/PM conversion (max) (dB) 4 (at rated output)

Harmonic output (dBc)  

Ku and Astra bandDBS band

-80 (-35 without harmonic filter)-70 (-30 without harmonic filter)

Phase noise* exceeds requirements of IESS -308/309 by 10 dB, at 10 dB backoff

Intermodulation (dBc) -28 with two equal carriers at total output

Primary power (47 to 63 Hz, three-phase with neutral and ground) (V AC)

208380 to 415

480200 w/o neutral (Japan)

Power consumption (max) (kW) 8

Ambient temperature (°C) -10 to +50 operating;-40 to +80 nonoperating

RF input connection Type N female (Ku, Astra)SMA type female (DBS)

RF output connection WR-75 grooved flange (Ku, Astra)WR-62 grooved flange (DBS)

Dimensions (w x h x d) (")  

RF drawerpower supply drawer

19 x 17.5 x 28, not including fans19 x 8.75 x 24, not including fans

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Empty (Vacuum) state vs Solid State

Solid State Vacuum State

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Ladies and Gents:Let the Course Begin

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Content

Empty state devices

• Klystrons (Dr. Nagda ElMeniawy)

• Traveling Wave Tubes

• Magnetrons

• Parametric Amplifiers

Solid State Devices (Dr. Ahmed Ashry)– IMPATT

– TRAPPAT

– Gunn diodes

– HBT

– HEMT

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Course Structure

EH1

NM,3 EH,6

AA, 9

Grading:Final exam 60%Mid-term 20%Sheets 10%Section effectiveness 10%

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Introducing Microwave Vacuum State Devices one-

by-one

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Klystrons

• Electron beam flow is modulated by the RF signal (Bunching).

• Cavities are sort of resonators.

• Can be use as amplifiers.

• With proper feedback the device can be made to oscillate.

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Travelling Wave Tube (TWT)

• A WWII radar component

• Lower noise than Klystrons yet smaller and lighter

(1) Electron gun; (2) RF input; (3) Magnets; (4) Attenuator; (5) Helix coil; (6) RF output;(7) Vacuum tube;(8) Collector.

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Travelling Wave Tube (TWT)

• Helix structure slows wave down to interact with the beam

This is condition when wave velocity = E-beam velocity

Beam velocity

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Magnetrons

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W and W/O a Magnetic Field

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Parametric Amplifiers

• A phenomena more than a device• Found in Vacuum state, Solid state or even

photonics

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