MIDDLE EASTERN BORDERS NOW AND THEN

By Christian Urice

Beginning of World War 1

The Allies of the Ottoman Empire were Britain and France The British divided up the land depending on the Ottoman

Empire When the borders were being distributed they didn’t pay

attention to Tribal groups and religious groups The Ottomans expanded throughout southern and eastern

Middle east. Muslims ruled the Middle east since 1299

Winning the War

The Allies won the war in 1918 They all argued about what the after war was going to be

like Talked about who would get the Ottoman’s land The Ottoman’s land was made up of many religious groups

such as Christian’s, Jews, Arabs British kept asking the independent countries for their land

VICTORY!

The Europeans

The British saved the land for further colonial empires The Brits only got into the middle east’s business because

they wanted oil and the they had a lot of it When they were looking for oil they found a jackpot of it

and the Europeans controlled what they did with it They wanted to get the Islam's a hold on their religion Promised the Arabians Independence

Europeans (Continued)

Balfour claimed that they would help the Jews with fighting for land

They agreed with the French that the Ottoman empire’s land would be evenly divided

Separated the land at the edge of the desert in Saudi Arabia

The British made more problems for themselves and the Middle east because of the oil

Ottoman Empire

Ruled the Arabian peninsula Fertile Crescent and Libya They owned the entire Mediterranean coast The Europeans controlled what they did with the land During that time Afghanistan and Iran were completely

independent owned by no one Although Afghanistan and Iran were at war with Russia over

oil

Ottoman Empire (Continued) Pakistan and India were in the war with Afghanistan and

Iran against Russia Britain stepped in and helped the Middle East fight against

Russia The Ottoman’s were ruled by the Turkish king The ethnic and religious groups suffered discrimination Ottomans were made up of Jews, Christians and Islam's

Taif Treaty

Yemen and Saudi Arabia were fighting over the oil in between the two countries

Three islands in the Mediterranean were fought over by Saudi Arabia and Yemen too

Came to and agreement over the red sea war called the Taif Treaty

The two countries couldn’t keep the agreement and ended it with lots of violence

Both countries came to a final agreement of the border lines (what they are today)

Taif Treaty (continued)

Even though the borders were already agreed on they still fought over them

There was an oil spill in the red sea that Saudi Arabia fought over with Egypt

1980’s the civil war in Yemen ended Once it ended they became into one country Again in 1992 they fought over the gulf of Aden with Saudi

Arabia Saudi Arabians attacked Yemen over a gulf

Oil problems

They split the oil preserve among all the countries that wanted some

Back in 1995 the Tiaf treaty was renewed Most of the countries didn’t have definite borders causing

lots of wars due to countries “stealing” other countries oil During the late 1900’s there were over 10 oil wars in that

short time period

Independent countries

Israel beat Jordan and Syria into claiming the land Once Israel settled into their land they thought of giving

the land back The Sinai peninsula was independent then Egypt took it

over Jordan and Israel formed a treaty to keep each other off

one another’s land Decided that the dead sea was the divider

Empires throughout WW1

The Ottoman Empire ruled from 1700 all the way up to 1912

In 1948 Israel was officially announced a country The Europeans ruled Middle East for eight years In 1997 all countries became independent\

Religions of the Middle East

For the first couple years of World War 1 Hinduism took over Middle East

Then Islam’s took over the Saudi Arabian portion Christianity was the big religion in the later years of the

war In the end up till now they almost all countries are Islam

Bibliography

"Imperial History of the Middle East." Maps of War ::: Visual History of War, Religion, and Government. MMVI, 9 Sept. 2006. Web. 20 Feb. 2011. <http://www.mapsofwar.com/ind/imperial-history.html>.

Miller, John. "Maps of Religion." Maps of Religion. Web. 22 Feb. 2011. <www.mapsofwar.com/maps-religion.html>.

Jonston, Phill. "Middle East Borders." Middle East Facts. Web. 19 Feb. 2011. <www.http://bigsiteofhistory.com/the-middle-east-after-world-war-one-the-non-western-world>.

"BBC - History - World Wars: The Middle East during World War One." BBC - Homepage. Web. 16 Feb. 2011. <http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/worldwars/wwone/middle_east_01.shtml>.

 

Bibliography (continued)

Jason, Stacey. "World War 1 Borders." World War 1 Borders in Middle East. Web. 13 Feb. 2011. <http://www.outreachworld.org/Files/Curriculum/postwwi_1-1.pdf>.

"Israel Border Conflict | Stand for Israel | The Truth Behind the Headlines." Stand for Israel Blog. Web. 12 Feb. 2011. <http://blog.standforisrael.org/issues/security/border-conflict>.

Murphy, Chris. "Saudi Arabia - Yemen Border Dispute." Page Has Moved. Web. 12 Feb. 2011. <http://www1.american.edu/TED/ice/saudi-yemen.htm>.

"Global Connections . Liberia . Timeline | PBS." PBS: Public Broadcasting Service. Web. 23 Feb. 2011. <http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/globalconnections/liberia/timeline/index.html>.