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Middle School Planner serving grades6 through 8 with dated calendars from August 2, 2011 to June 26, 2012
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Student I.D. and InformationStudent No. Home Room No.
Name
Address
City, State, Zip
Phone
Medical and Emergency InformationIn Case of Emergency, Contact
Relationship
Phone (Home) (Work)
Physician Phone
Blood Group RH Factor
Other Important Medical Data
School InformationSchool Name
Address
City, State, Zip
Phone Fax
School Work HELP! Names and Phone Numbers
Using Your Planner 2-3
Class Schedule 4-5
Study Tips 6
Assignment and Planning 7-121
Maps 122-124
Periodic Table 125
Math 125-126
English 127
Personal Directory 128
866.211.61234601 16th Ave N • Fargo, ND 58102A F O R U M C O M M U N I C A T I O N S C O M P A N Y
The Building Blocks of Success.
2011-2012
Middle School - Future Focus (K300)© Copyright 2011-2012 Academic Planners Plus®
on your future
1
FOCUS
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1. Note in your planner all assignments right away. Don’ttry to remember the details later. Ask questions if you don’t understand.
2. Record the day each assignment is due. To reference your assignment on the due date, list theassignment with a backwards arrow and the date it was assigned.
3. As you complete each assignment, mark the column with a check.
4. Write the time you should allot for each assignment.
5. Choose a symbol to identify tests or quizzes.
6. Record elective classes and after school activities to keeptrack of your entire day.
7. Remember to get a parent/guardian signature.
8. Record hall pass information, where you are going, whattime you left, what time you returned, and who gave youpermission.
9. Don’t forget to note weekend activities.
10. Weekly achievements are a great way to check yourprogress throughout the semester
11. Write down some ideas in the space provided for the different Character Challenge each week.
12. Your teacher can communicate with your parent/guardian using the comment code boxes(TCC) or write extra comments in the space provided incomment boxes.
Development of the right study skills aids in future learning.Develop your building blocks of success. This planner will assist you in managing your time more effectively. It will be your personal guide in setting goals, whether they are effective study times or improving your overall grades. Theinformation documented will be your tool to maximum achievement.
How to use your planner:
Focus on using your planner
Review Lesson 2
Questions 1-5 pg. 16
due (9/16)
Review pages12-30
Study4:45-5:30
T
(9/15)
9/14 T
9/14 Lesson 21
✓
3
4
5
2
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Basketball 9am-9pmWashington Middle School
Drama Club: 4-4:30
7
Mrs. Sally Jones
8
Bathroom 2:102:15
Practice trumpet 30 min.
9
10
Improve my spelling
Make at least one new friend
6
James has improved his mathskills this week.
12
James is also a good leader in the classroom.
3
11take turns with peoplelisten to others
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CLASS SCHEDULE First Semester
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CLASS SCHEDULE Second Semester
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FundamentalsUtilizing your planner is a key fundamental for successful studymanagement. Keep your planner with you at all times. Write allshort-term and long-term assignments, school activities, and after-school commitments in your planner. Write down exactlywhat you want to accomplish each day. Refer to your planneroften throughout the day; your schedule may change and youneed to stay on top of these changes. Number tasks in theorder of importance and assign a time schedule for when youplan to do each task. Stick to your schedule. Complete tasknumber one before moving on to task number two. Then, focuson task number two the same way before moving on to tasknumber three. If you don’t finish the last couple of tasks, movethem to the next day. If you continue with this same process,you will be less likely to forget assignments. Also, you wouldhave accomplished the most important tasks for that day.Review your planner the last five minutes of each day to prepare for the following day’s tasks.
OpportunityTake the opportunity to maximize your study time. Where you study is just as important as when and how you study. Yourstudy environment must eliminate all distractions. Before youstudy, review this checklist of important items that affect thephysical environment of your “study room”: • Good lighting – avoids eyestrain.• Clock – helps you manage your time and assignments.• Flat, solid surface – keep your work area clean
and clear of clutter.• Good chair – avoids stiff neck or muscle fatigue.• Comfortable room temperature – allows mental
alertness and physical comfort.• School tools – keep in a convenient place to avoid
wasting time looking for them.• Noise level – avoid all loud distractions that affect
your concentration.• Background music – soft background music may
be helpful. Be honest with yourself if the music is distracting you.
• Glasses – if you wear glasses, use them.
Classroom SkillsBe ready for each class by having your materials and your planner. Be prepared to listen and take good notes. Develop asystem of note-taking including abbreviations, punctuation, andmargins. Leave some space as you move from one point to thenext so you can fill in additional notes later. Record only themajor points. Spend more time listening and asking clarificationquestions if you don’t understand something. Keep your notesneat, legible enough for you to read. Note everything written onthe board. Listen carefully to what the teacher presents asimportant. Listen for the main points, transitions from one pointto another, relationships between points, results and summariesmade by the teacher. Record all details of the assignment inyour planner on the day the assignment is given. Record on the“due date” itself that the assignment is due, but do not recordall of the details again. Instead, record the date the assignmentwas given with a backward arrow (date) so you know where tolook for the details of the assignment (see page 2 of this planner for an example).
Utilize TimeProper and effective use of your time is the key to your successas a student. Before you begin your study period, plan howmuch time you will spend on each assignment. Using your planner, set up a schedule for each assignment and prioritizethem according to length of needed time to complete theassignment, tests or quizzes, and date due. Then check to seeif you have all of your school tools. In other words, get preparedbefore you sit down to work. Know your objective and goals foreach study time. Be sure to schedule some breaks betweenassignments. Stand up and stretch, do some simple exercises,or refresh with a beverage before moving on to your next task.
Stick to ItReview your planner the last period of the day. Make sure youhave all your books and materials necessary for that night’sstudy session. Take the time to plan and review before you leaveschool for the day. If you have time, prioritize and put a time oneach assignment or commitment for that night. This is yourgame plan, stick to it!
CAREERPLANET
FOCUS on Studying
6
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SEP 2011S M T W T F S
1 2 3
4 5 6 7 8 9 10
11 12 13 14 15 16 17
18 19 20 21 22 23 24
25 26 27 28 29 30
JUL 2011S M T W T F S
1 2
3 4 5 6 7 8 9
10 11 12 13 14 15 16
17 18 19 20 21 22 2324/31 25 26 27 28 29 30
AGOSTO
7
SUNDAY MONDAY TUESDAY WEDNESDAY THURSDAY FRIDAY SATURDAY
SUN
DAY
1 2 3 4 5 6
7 8 9 10 11 12 13
14 15 16 17 18 19 20
21 22 23 24 25 26 27
28 29 30 31
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GE Book Title Pages Total
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Grand Total __________
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AGOSTO
TUESDAY martes AUG 2✓ ✓
SO
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TU
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SS
CIE
NC
EM
ATH
TCCPARENT/GUARDIAN SIGNATURE: TCC
PARENT/GUARDIAN SIGNATURE: TCC
PARENT/GUARDIAN SIGNATURE:
AFTER SCHOOL: AFTER SCHOOL:
WEDNESDAY miércoles AUG 3 ✓
CO
MM
EN
TS
AFTER SCHOOL:
MONDAY lunes AUG 1
To:
Time Out:
Time In:
Initial:
To:
Time Out:
Time In:
Initial:HA
LL P
AS
S To:
Time Out:
Time In:
Initial:
To:
Time Out:
Time In:
Initial:
To:
Time Out:
Time In:
Initial:
To:
Time Out:
Time In:
Initial:
2011Our eyes are always the same sizefrom birth, but our nose and earsnever stop growing.
DID YOU KNOW?
AUGUST
8
LAN
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AUGUST '11S M T W T F S
1 2 3 4 5 67 8 9 10 11 12 13
14 15 16 17 18 19 2021 22 23 24 25 26 2728 29 30 31
SEPTEMBER '11S M T W T F S
1 2 34 5 6 7 8 9 10
11 12 13 14 15 16 1718 19 20 21 22 23 2425 26 27 28 29 30
TCCPARENT/GUARDIAN SIGNATURE: TCC
PARENT/GUARDIAN SIGNATURE:
AFTER SCHOOL: AFTER SCHOOL:
CO
MM
EN
TS
✓ ✓FRIDAY viernes AUG 5 SATURDAY sábado AUGUST 6
SUNDAY domingo AUGUST 7
GW: Good Work
EA: Excellent Attitude
GA: Good Attendance
GP: Good Participation
GS: Good Social Skills
MT: Manages Time Well
IN: Improvement Necessary
PA: Poor Attitude
TA: Tardy/Absent
DC: Disrupts Class
RW: Relationships Need Work
LA: Late Assignments
HA
LL P
AS
S To:
Time Out:
Time In:
Initial:
To:
Time Out:
Time In:
Initial:
To:
Time Out:
Time In:
Initial:
To:
Time Out:
Time In:
Initial:
Weekly Goals
RESPECT:Be kind to all living things.
QUOTE OF THE WEEK:
Shoot for the moon. Even if you miss, you'll landamong the stars.- Les Brown
TEACHER COMMENT CODES (TCC):
CHARACTER CHALLENGE:What will you do to displayRESPECT this week?
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THURSDAY jueves AUG 4
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Money ManagementIt is said that money can’t buy happiness. But saving it correctly can make you feel better about your future. Bad spendinghabits can cause stress, which affects your mood and can even have a negative effect on your health! If you’re currently spendingyour allowance or money you earn as fast as you get it, you are creating bad spending habits that will be tough for you to breaklater. That is why it’s important for you to start building good money management habits now.
Earning Money in Middle School or Junior HighWant to find ways in which you can earn money other than getting an allowance from your parents?Get creative, and talk with your parents or guardians about some of these ideas:
• Tutoring younger kids in music, math, science, or reading.• Walking dogs or animal care (pet sitting).• Weeding and watering gardens or potted plants, mowing yards, snow shoveling.• Paper routes.• Babysitting.
Check out this website for additional ideas: www.careerkids.com
Consider volunteer work.You won’t earn a paycheck, but you will feel great about helping other people or animals. By volunteering your time, you make a difference and you also learn skills that you can use for other jobs in the future. Possible places to volunteer would be a nursing home, a food bank, or an organization that helps children with special needs.
Jobs that I could do...
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FINANCIAL Education
CAREERPLANET 16
Financial Education on page 28.
MORE TO COME...
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OCT 2011S M T W T F S
1
2 3 4 5 6 7 8
9 10 11 12 13 14 15
16 17 18 19 20 21 2223/30
24/31 25 26 27 28 29
AUG 2011S M T W T F S
1 2 3 4 5 6
7 8 9 10 11 12 13
14 15 16 17 18 19 20
21 22 23 24 25 26 27
28 29 30 31
SEPTIEMBRE
17
SUNDAY MONDAY TUESDAY WEDNESDAY THURSDAY FRIDAY SATURDAY
SUN
DAY
1 2 3
4 5 6 7 8 9 10
11 12 13 14 15 16 17
18 19 20 21 22 23 24
25 26 27 28 29 30
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Labor Day
Patriot DayGrandparents Day
First Day of Autumn
Rosh Hashanah
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Good Money HabitsNow that you have found a way to make money, you need to get smart about what you do with that money. You worked hard toearn the money, so you should put some thought into how to manage your money. To create good habits that will last a lifetime,start by taking a look at the four choices you have: Spend, Save, Invest or Donate.
1. SPEND your money now. This would be fine for items that are considered disposable or would only be used for a short time. Could include: fast food, clothing, movie tickets, music downloads, or candy.
2. SAVE for items you want in the near future. These items would be a bit more expensive than movie tickets. Examples would be: MP3 Player, a bicycle, or a computer.
3. INVEST your money for things you will need further into the future. Some things you may be investing for would include: college or technical school, a car – or a down payment on a house. While it might seem like you have "plenty of time" to save for these items, you'll need that money sooner than you think. It is important to look at your future when dealing with your money.
4. DONATE or Give to Charities. If you feel strongly about giving back to your community or to others that are not as fortunate, you should put aside some of your money for this. You could donate to an organization that helps otherkids, animals, or even the environment.
Talk it over with your parents or guardians to figure out what portion of your money should go into each of the four "buckets" –Spend, Save, Invest and Donate. Once you've created that plan, stick to it. It will not be easy, but you will find that you will feel asense of accomplishment by saving, investing, and giving. Don't forget to put at least some into your Spend bucket – and have fun!
Interest – What is it? Interest is either money that you earn or get paid when you save your money with a bank or other financialinstitution (savings account, certificate of deposit, money market account) – or money that you have to pay if you borrow money(bank loan or charging items to a credit card).
Savings: When you are saving money, the bank is paying you interest because they get to keep your money and use it for otherthings until you need to access it. So, the more money you can save now, the more interest (additional money) you can earn.There are some great websites that show how much money you'll have in the future by starting to save now. A couple of sitesare: www.themint.org and http:///life.familyeducation.com. There is even a website that calculates how long it would take for youto become a millionaire! Go to: http://www.themint.org/kids/when-will-you-be-a-millionaire.html.
Borrowing: When you have borrowed money or have charged items to a credit card, you have to pay money to that organizationbecause they need to earn something for allowing you to purchase items before you have the money to pay for them. So, whenever you have to borrow money or put money on a credit card that you cannot pay off immediately, you will have to payMORE for that item than if you had just paid for it right away with cash. These websites show you how much you REALLY pay forsomething if you charge it and don't pay off your entire balance right away: www.coolmath.com and www.themint.org.
CAREERPLANET
FINANCIAL Education
28
Financial Education on page 38.
MORE TO COME...
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NOV 2011S M T W T F S
1 2 3 4 5
6 7 8 9 10 11 12
13 14 15 16 17 18 19
20 21 22 23 24 25 26
27 28 29 30
SEP 2011S M T W T F S
1 2 3
4 5 6 7 8 9 10
11 12 13 14 15 16 17
18 19 20 21 22 23 24
25 26 27 28 29 30
OCTUBRE
29
SUNDAY MONDAY TUESDAY WEDNESDAY THURSDAY FRIDAY SATURDAY
SUN
DAY
1
2 3 4 5 6 7 8
9 10 11 12 13 14 15
16 17 18 19 20 21 22
23
30 31
24 25 26 27 28 29
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Columbus Day(observed)
UnitedNationsDay
Yom Kippur
Halloween
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FINANCIAL EducationCredit Cards: The Good, The Bad and The Ugly
The Good –If used the right way, credit cards can help you to establish a credit history. A good credit history will help you get better interest rates on loans when you need to buy a car or a house. Some credit cards offer perks, like cash back or frequent fliermiles on an airline. Many also offer purchase protection, which can protect you in the event that an item you purchased on yourcredit card is damaged on the way home, lost or stolen shortly after you purchase it. Be careful to read all of the details of yourcard agreement, as the protection coverage varies and there are dollar limits to what is covered. Credit cards are great to havein case of an emergency when you don’t have enough cash available. An example would be if you got a flat tire and needed a newone, but didn’t have enough money to pay for it right away.
The Bad –If used the wrong way, credit cards can be an expensive money management lesson. It is tempting to charge impulse items thatyou want, but don’t need, because you can always “pay it off later.” The problem is that many people charge a lot of items andbefore they know it, they have a large credit card balance that they can’t pay off that month. Now, the bad part is that you haveto pay interest. So, you are paying MORE for the items you bought than if you had paid cash. Interest rates, especially foryounger people with little or no credit history, are often 18%, 20% or higher. On a $100 item, if you charged it and didn’t pay itoff for a year, you would have paid $120 if your interest rate was 20%. That is $20 you could have used to buy something else if you would have paid in cash.
The Ugly –If you find yourself charging items, and only paying off the minimum balances, rather than paying off youraccount each month, the interest will add up quickly on your account, and you may end up paying double(or more) what that item was worth. Worse, if you charge so many items that you can’t even makeyour minimum monthly payments; you will damage your credit. It will be difficult to get loans foritems in the future, and if you can get them, you’ll pay huge interest rates. Some people getinto such debt with their credit cards that they have to declare bankruptcy. These peoplehave a very tough time getting any loan approvals at even the highest interest rates.Money stress can cause problems with your personal relationships and can alsocause your health to suffer.
A Better Bet –Talk with your parents to determine if and when the right time is foryou to get a credit card. Set limits up front on how many dollarsyou can charge and pay off each month. This should relateback to the money you earn and how much you have alreadydiscussed is available for spending each month. Betteryet, pay cash for everything and only use the creditcard in the case of a true emergency.
CAREERPLANET 38
Career Education on page 48.
MORE TO COME...
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DEC 2011S M T W T F S
1 2 3
4 5 6 7 8 9 10
11 12 13 14 15 16 17
18 19 20 21 22 23 24
25 26 27 28 29 30 31
OCT 2011S M T W T F S
1
2 3 4 5 6 7 8
9 10 11 12 13 14 15
16 17 18 19 20 21 2223/30
24/31 25 26 27 28 29
NOVIEMBRE
39
SUNDAY MONDAY TUESDAY WEDNESDAY THURSDAY FRIDAY SATURDAY
SUN
DAY
1 2 3 4 5
6 7 8 9 10 11 12
13 14 15 16 17 18 19
20 21 22 23 24 25 26
27 28 29 30
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Veterans DayDaylight Saving
Time Ends
Thanksgiving Day
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Introduction to Career Planning and Personal AssessmentYou may be saying to yourself “Why is career planning important to me? After all, I am a middle school student.” Well, it isnever too early to look into what you will want to do after you graduate from high school. The pages throughout this planner thatfocus on Career Education will walk you through several areas of the planning process. The first area of focus is learning about yourself, and the current skills or interests you may possess. As you move through the middle school years, your perspectivemay change and take you down an entirely different career path. Using this model will help you organize your research and allowyou to make additions and changes to it.
The second area of focus is Researching Occupations. There are countless opportunities for you to explore. Navigating throughthe major career types and narrowing down an actual occupation will be a fun exercise. You will be able to record specific detailsregarding each job title.
The third area of focus is the Career Interests and Occupations. This exercise will give you a general feel of your current interests and how they match up with the major categories of careers. There may be experiences that you have had and enjoyedthat correspond with a long term career.
The fourth area of focus is Writing the Career Plan. For each of the occupations that you foundinteresting, narrow down to one or two. Fill out the career plan for each. You may be sur-prised to find they are similar in skills needed and potentially education.
Know the facts, create your own future:Your middle and high school years will go by veryquickly. When you graduate from high school,you have three main choices:
1. Continue with higher education at a college or university.
2. Attend a technical/vocational school for further training.
3. Get a job or join a military branch of service.
Use your resources:• School Counselors• Teachers• Parents/Guardians• World Wide Web• Books
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CAREERPLANET
CAREER Education
48
Skills and Interests – Self–Assessment on page 60.
MORE TO COME...
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JAN 2012S M T W T F S
1 2 3 4 5 6 7
8 9 10 11 12 13 14
15 16 17 18 19 20 21
22 23 24 25 26 27 28
29 30 31
NOV 2011S M T W T F S
1 2 3 4 5
6 7 8 9 10 11 12
13 14 15 16 17 18 19
20 21 22 23 24 25 26
27 28 29 30
DECIEMBRE
49
SUNDAY MONDAY TUESDAY WEDNESDAY THURSDAY FRIDAY SATURDAY
SUN
DAY
1 2 3
4 5 6 7 8 9 10
11 12 13 14 15 16 17
18 19 20 21 22 23 24
25 26 27 28 29 30 31
seco
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Hanukkah BeginsFirst Day of Winter
Pearl HarborRemembrance Day
Christmas Eve
Christmas Day Kwanzaa Begins New Year’s Eve
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Antigua & Barbuda ....................St. John’sBahamas.........................................Nassau
Barbados ...................................BridgetownBelize .....................................................BelmopanBermuda ..................................................HamiltonCanada .......................................................OttawaCosta Rica ...............................................San JoséCuba...........................................................HavanaDominica ....................................................RoseauDominican Republic ......................Santa DomingoEl Salvador........................................San SalvadorGrenada ..............................................St. George’s
Guatemala .....................................Guatemala CityHaiti .................................................Port-au-PrinceHondurus .............................................TegucigalpaJamaica ....................................................KingstonMexico .................................................Mexico CityNicaragua ...............................................ManaguaPanama ..............................................Panama CitySt. Kitt’s & Nevis ................................BasseterreSt. Lucia.....................................................CastriesSt. Vincent & the Grenadines.............KingstownTrinidad & Tobago............................Port-of-SpainU.S.A. ............................................Washington, DC
Afghanistan ..................................KabulArmenia .....................................Yerevan
Azerbaijan .......................................BakuBahrain .................................................ManamaBangladesh..............................................DhakaBhutan ..................................................ThimphuBrunei ................................Bandar Seri BegawanCambodia .......................................Phnom PenhChina........................................................BeijingCyprus .....................................................NicosiaEast Timor ....................................................DiliGeorgia .....................................................TbilisiIndia ...................................................New DelhiIndonesia ...............................................JakartaIran ..........................................................TehranIraq .......................................................BaghdadIsrael ..................................................Jerusalem
Japan ........................................................TokyoJordan ....................................................AmmanKazakstan ..............................................AlmatyKorea North .....................................PyongyangKorea South..............................................SeoulKuwait.....................................................KuwaitKyrgyzstan ...........................................BishkekLaos .....................................................VientianeLebanon ....................................................BeirutMalaysia ......................................Kuala LumpurMaldives ....................................................MaleMongolia ...........................................Ulan BatorMyanmar................................................YangonNepal ................................................KathmanduOman .......................................................MuscatPakistan.............................................IslamabadPhilippines ..............................................Manila
ASIAASIAQatar .........................................................DohaRussia ....................................................MoscowSaudi Arabia...........................................RiyadhSingapore ...........................................SingaporeSri Lanka ..............................................ColomboSyria ...................................................DamascusTaiwan ......................................................TaipeiTajikistan ............................................DushanbeThailand ...............................................BangkokTurkey.....................................................AnkaraTurkmenistan....................................AshkhabadUnited Arab Emir. .............................Abu DhabiUzbekistan...........................................TashkentVietnam ....................................................HanoiYemen.......................................................Sanaa
ANTARCTICAANTARCTICA
Argentina...............Buenos AiresBolivia............................Sucre
Brazil.............................BrasiliaChile ................................SantiagoColombia ...........................BogotaEcuador ................................QuitoFrench Guiana.................CayenneGuyana ......................GeorgetownParaguay ........................AsuncionPeru ......................................LimaSuriname ....................ParamariboUruguay .....................MontevideoVenezuela ........................Caracas
SOUTH AMERICASOUTH AMERICA
NORTH AMERICANORTH AMERICA
29,637,900 SQUARE MILE AREA
DID YOU KNOW...DID YOU KNOW...The earth is a globe and can be divided into lots of lines called latitude and
longitude. Longitude lines run north and south; Latitude lines run east and west. The lines measure distances in degrees.
But where do you start? Where is 0 degrees?Well, that depends on whether you're looking for 0 degrees latitude or 0 degrees longitude.They are different things. The equator is 0 degree latitude. This imaginary line, which runsthrough parts of South America, Africa, and Asia, is officially the halfway point between the NorthPole and the South Pole.
The prime meridian is 0 degrees longitude. This imaginary line runs through the United Kingdom, France,Spain, western Africa, and Antarctica. By using the equator and prime meridian, we can divide theworld into four hemispheres, north, south, east, andwest. For instance, the United States is in theWestern Hemisphere (because it is west of the primemeridian) and also in the Northern Hemisphere(because it is north of the equator).
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OCEANIAFiji .........................................Suva
Kiribati........................................TarawaMarshall Islands........................MajuraMicronesia...................................PalikirNauru ............................................YarenNew Zealand........................WellingtonPalau .............................................KororPap. N. Guinea.................Port MoresbySolomon Islands.......................HoniaraTonga .....................................NukúalofaTuvalu .......................................FunafutiVanuatu ...........................................VilaWestern Samoa.............................Apia
Albania .............................TiranaAndorra .............Andorra la Vella
Austria ..............................ViennaBelarus .........................................MinskBelgium .....................................BrusselsBosnia & Herzegovina ...........SarajevoBulgaria .........................................SofiaCroatia ........................................ZagrebCzech Republic ...........................PragueDenmark .............................CopenhagenEstonia .........................................Tallinn
Finland .......................................HelsinkiFrance.............................................ParisGermany.......................................BerlinGreece .........................................AthensHungary...................................BudapestIceland ....................................ReykjavikIreland .........................................DublinItaly...............................................RomeLatvia..............................................RigaLiechtenstein................................VaduzLithuania......................................Vilnius
EUROPEEUROPELuxembourg .......................LuxembourgMacedonia...................................SkopjeMalta..........................................VallettaMoldova ...................................KishinevMonaco ......................................MonacoNetherlands .........................AmsterdamNorway ..........................................OsloPoland........................................WarsawPortugal .......................................LisbonRomania .................................BucharestRussia ........................................Moscow
Algeria .............................AlgiersAngola ...........................Luanda
Benin ..........................Porto-NovoBotswana ...............................GaboroneBurkina Faso....................OuagadougouBurundi .................................BujumburaCameroon .................................YaoundeCape Verde ...................................PraiaCentral African Rep. .................BanguiChad ......................................N’DjamenaComoros......................................Moroni
Congo ....................................BrazzavilleDem. Rep. of Congo ...............KinshasaDjibouti ......................................DjiboutiEgypt..............................................CairoEquatorial Guinea .....................MalaboEritrea ........................................AsmaraEthiopia...............................Addis AbabaGabon ......................................LibrevilleGambia .......................................BanjulGhana ............................................AccraGuinea.......................................Conakry
AFRICAAFRICAGuinea-Bissau .............................BissauIvory Coast ...............................AbidjanKenya .........................................NairobiLesotho.......................................MaseruLiberia .....................................MonroviaLibya .............................................TripoliMadagascar ......................AntananarivoMalawi .....................................LilongweMali ...........................................BamakoMauritania ...........................NouakchottMauritius................................Port Louis
Morocco ........................................RabatMozambique..............................MaputoNamibia ..................................WindhoekNiger ..........................................NiameyNigeria ..........................................AbujaRwanda ........................................KigaliSao Tome & Principe .............Sao TomeSenegal ........................................DakarSeychelles ..................................VictoriaSierra Leone............................FreetownSomalia .................................Mogadishu
South Africa..............................PretoriaSudan ......................................KhartoumSwaziland ...............................MbabaneTanzania ...................................DodomaTogo ...............................................LomeTunisia ............................................TunisUganda.....................................KampalaZambia........................................LusakaZimbabwe ..................................Harare
San Marino ..........................San MarinoSlovakia .................................BratislavaSlovenia...................................LjubljanaSpain ...........................................MadridSweden ..................................StockholmSwitzerland ...................................BernUkraine ...........................................KievUnited Kingdom ........................LondonVatican City.........................Vatican CitySerbia/Montenegro ...............Belgrade
AUSTRALIAAUSTRALIAAustralia.......................Canberra
5,427,000 SQUARE MILE AREA
60,060,700 SQUARE MILE AREA
26,469,500 SQUARE MILE AREA
NOTE: Maps always show a distortedview of the earth and its continentsbecause they are not curved in threedimensions.
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UNITED STATESUNITED STATESWashington, DC
State CapitalAL Alabama .............................MontgomeryAK Alaska.........................................JuneauAZ Arizona ......................................PhoenixAR Arkansas ................................Little RockCA California..............................SacramentoCO Colorado......................................DenverCT Connecticut ................................Hartford
DE Delaware.......................................DoverFL Florida ..................................TallahasseeGA Georgia .......................................AtlantaHI Hawaii ......................................HonoluluID Idaho .............................................BoiseIL Illinois....................................SpringfieldIN Indiana ................................IndianapolisIA Iowa .....................................Des MoinesKS Kansas.........................................TopekaKY Kentucky..................................FrankfortLA Louisiana ............................Baton Rouge
ME Maine ........................................AugustaMD Maryland.................................AnnapolisMA Massachusetts...............................BostonMI Michigan.....................................LansingMN Minnesota ...................................St. PaulMS Mississippi ..................................JacksonMO Missouri.............................Jefferson CityMT Montana......................................HelenaNE Nebraska .....................................LincolnNV Nevada .................................Carson CityNH New Hampshire ..........................Concord
CANADACANADA OttawaProvince/Territory CapitalAB Alberta ............................................EdmontonBC British Columbia ..................................VictoriaMB Manitoba..........................................WinnipegNB New Brunswick...............................FrederictonNF New Foundland ................................St. John’sNT Northwest Territories......................YellowknifeNU Nunavut................................................IqaluitNS Nova Scotia .........................................HalifaxON Ontario ...............................................TorontoPEI Prince Edward Island ..................CharlottetownQC Quebec .........................................Quebec CitySK Saskatchewan.......................................ReginaYT Yukon Territory ..............................Whitehorse
MEXICOMEXICO Mexico CityState Capital1 Aguascalientes.....................Aguascalientes2 Baja California Norte.....................Mexicali3 Baja California Sur.........................La Paz4 Campeche ................................Campeche5 Chiapas ...........................Tuxtla Gutiérrez6 Chihuahua ...............................Chihuahua7 Coahuila........................................Saltillo8 Colima ..........................................Colima9 Durango.....................................Durango10 Guanajuato ............................Guanajuato11 Guerrero ..............................Chilpancingo12 Hidalgo .......................................Pachuca
13 Jalisco...................................Guadalajara14 Mexico ...........................................Toluca15 Michoacan....................................Morelia16 Morelos..................................Cuernavaca17 Nayarit ............................................Tepic18 Nuevo León .............................Monterrey19 Oaxaca ........................................Oaxaca20 Puebla ..........................................Puebla21 Querétaro ................................Querétaro22 Quintana Roo ............................Chetumal23 San Luis Potosi ..................San Luis Potosí24 Sinaloa .......................................Culiacán25 Sonora ....................................Hermosillo
NJ New Jersey .................................TrentonNM New Mexico...............................Santa FeNY New York .....................................AlbanyNC North Carolina.............................RaleighND North Dakota............................BismarckOH Ohio ........................................ColumbusOK Oklahoma ........................Oklahoma CityOR Oregon .........................................SalemPA Pennsylvania..........................HarrisburgRI Rhode Island..........................ProvidenceSC South Carolina ..........................Columbia
SD South Dakota ................................PierreTN Tennessee .................................NashvilleTX Texas ............................................AustinUT Utah ..................................Salt Lake CityVT Vermont .................................MontpelierVA Virginia ...................................RichmondWA Washington................................OlympiaWV West Virginia ..........................CharlestonWI Wisconsin...................................MadisonWY Wyoming.................................CheyennePR Puerto Rico...............................San Juan
26 Tabasco ................................Villahermosa27 Tamaulipas........................Ciudad Victoria28 Tlaxcala ......................................Tlaxcala29 Veracruz ........................................Jalapa30 Yucatán ........................................Mérida31 Zacatecas ..................................Zacatecas32 Federal District .......................Mexico City
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MEASUREMENT CONVERSIONMETRIC LENGTH VOLUME WEIGHTBasic Unit meter (m) liter (l) gram (g)x 10 decameter (dam) decaliter (dal) decagram (dag)x 100 hectometer (hm) hectoliter (hl) hectogram (hg)x 1000 kilometer (km) kiloliter (kl) kilogram (kg)*÷ 10 decimeter (dm) deciliter (dl) decigram (dg)÷ 100 centimeter (cm) centiliter (cl) centigram (cg)÷ 1000 millimeter (mm) milliliter (ml) milligram (mg)
*metric ton is 1000 kilogramsENGLISHLENGTH VOLUME1 foot (ft. or ')................equals 12 inches (in. or ") 1 tablespoon (tbl. or T)..... equals 3 teaspoons (tsp. or t)1 yard (yd.)........................................equals 3 feet 1 cup (c.) .....................................equals 16 tablespoons1 mile (mi.)..............equals 1760 yards/5280 feet 1 pint (pt.).................................................equals 2 cups1 nautical mile.............................equals 1.15 miles 1 quart (qt.)..............................................equals 2 pints1 league ...........................................equals 3 miles 1 gallon (gal.) ........................................equals 4 quarts
WEIGHT AREA1 pound (lb.) ...................equals 16 ounces (oz.) 1 acre............equals 4840 sq. yards/43,560 sq. feet1 ton ...................................equals 2000 pounds 1 square mile ..................................equals 640 acres
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PERCENTAGES DECIMALS100% 1 = 1.050% 1/2 = 0.533.3% 1/3 = 0.325% 1/4 = 0.2520% 1/5 = 0.216.6% 1/6 = 0.1612.5% 1/8 = 0.12511.1% 1/9 = 0.110% 1/10 = 0.18.3% 1/12 = 0.08366.6% 2/3 = 0.675% 3/4 = 0.75
100% = 1 95% = .9590% = .9085% = .8580% = .80
75% = .7570% = .7065% = .6560% = .6055% = .55
50% = .5045% = .4540% = .4035% = .3530% = .30
25% = .2520% = .2015% = .1510% = .1005% = .05
ALGEBRA BASICSEXPANDING(a+b)2 = a2 + 2ab + b2
(a-b)2 = a2 - 2ab + b2
(a+b)(c+d) = ac + ad + bc + bd(a+b)3 = a3 + 3a2b + 3ab2 + b3
(a-b)3 = a3 - 3a2b + 3ab2 - b3
FACTORINGa2 - b2 = (a+b)(a-b)a3 + b3 = (a+b)(a2-ab + b2)a3 - b3 = (a-b)(a2 + ab + b2)
To add or subtract different fractions,first obtain a common denominator:
1 2 5 6 113 5 15 15 15
+ = + =
FRACTIONS5 numerator_8 denominator
To divide or multiply, multiply the firstwith the reciprocal of the second fraction:
2 1 2 63 6 3 1
= x = 4
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Square Rectangle Parallelogram
CubeRectangular Solid
Trapezoid Triangle Circle
SphereCone Pyramid
RightStraight
ComplementaryAngles
SupplementaryAngles
Equilateral Isosceles
Scalene Right
Congruency
When you know Multiply by To findinches ...........................................2.54 .............................centimetersfeet .............................................30.48 ............................centimetersyards ..........................................0.9144 ..................................metersmiles ...........................................1.609..............................kilometersteaspoons ...................................4.9289...............................milliliterstablespoons.................................14.787...............................milliliterscups............................................0.2366 .....................................literspints ...........................................0.4732 .....................................litersquarts.........................................0.9464 .....................................litersgallons........................................3.7854 .....................................literspounds........................................0.4536..............................kilogramstons ............................................0.9072 ............................metric tonscentimeters .................................0.3937 ...................................inchesmeters ........................................1.0936 ....................................yardskilometers...................................0.6214.....................................milesmilliliters.....................................0.0338...........................fluid ouncesliters ............................................1.057 ....................................quartsliters ...........................................0.2642 ..................................gallonsgrams .........................................0.0353 ..................................ounceskilograms ...................................2.2046..................................poundsmetric tons..................................1.1023 ......................................tons
CONVERSION TABLEx 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
1 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
2 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20
3 3 6 9 12 15 18 21 24 27 30
4 4 8 12 16 20 24 28 32 36 40
5 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50
6 6 12 18 24 30 36 42 48 54 60
7 7 14 21 28 35 42 49 56 63 70
8 8 16 24 32 40 48 56 64 72 80
9 9 18 27 36 45 54 63 72 81 90
10 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
MULTIPLICATION TABLE
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PRIME NUMBERSAny integer greater than 1 that is divisible only by 1 and itself. Thefirst twelve primes are 2,3,5,7,11,13,17,19,23,29,31, and 37.
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Acute
Obtuse
ANGLE TYPES
FRACTIONSEquivalents of
common fractions
1/2............0.50001/3............0.33331/4............0.25001/5............0.20001/6............0.16671/7............0.14291/8............0.1250
1/9............0.11111/10..........0.10001/11..........0.09091/12..........0.08331/16..........0.06251/32..........0.03131/64..........0.0156
2/3............0.66672/5............0.40002/7............0.28572/9............0.22222/11..........0.18183/4............0.75003/5............0.6000
3/7............0.42863/8............0.37503/10..........0.30003/11..........0.27274/5............0.80004/7............0.57144/9............0.4444
4/11..........0.36365/6............0.83335/7............0.71435/8............0.62505/9............0.55565/11..........0.45455/12..........0.4167
6/7............0.85716/11..........0.54557/8............0.87507/9............0.77787/10..........0.70007/11..........0.63647/12..........0.5833
8/9............0.88898/11..........0.72739/10..........0.90009/11..........0.818210/11........0.909111/12........0.9167
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NOUN (names) A person, place, thing or idea.• COMMON NOUN – Any person, place, or thing.
Example: baby, school, or book
• PROPER NOUN – Particular person, place, or thing.Example: Kara, North Dakota, or Saturday
PRONOUN (replaces)Used in place of a noun or more than one noun.
Example: him, her, it, they
• NOMINATIVE CASE – Takes the position of the subjectof a sentence.Example: She went to the mall.
• POSSESSIVE CASE – Shows ownership.Example: That bike is his.
• OBJECTIVE CASE – Receives action, or follows a preposition.Example: The teacher gave him his test back.
ADJECTIVE (describes)Describes a noun, or pronoun by telling “which one,”“what kind” or “how many.”
Example: that car, blue eyes, five players
VERB (asserts)Shows action, tells what someone or something is doing.
Example: kick, jump, laugh, talk, think, or study
ADVERB (modifies)Describes or modifies a verb, adjective or anotheradverb. Adverbs always answers the question: when,where, how, and why (or to what extent).
Example: walked slowly, very red apple, ran very quickly
CONJUNCTION (joins)Joins words, phrases, or clauses.
• COORDINATING CONJUNCTION – connects words of the same element.Example: and, but, for, or, nor, yet, or so
• SUBORDINATING CONJUNCTION – joins the clause to the rest of the sentence.Example: until, since, because, unless, as, if, or after
PREPOSITION (links)Shows the relationship of one noun or pronoun toanother word in the sentence.
Example: She went across the field.
INTERJECTION (exclaims)Communicates strong emotion or surprise.
Example: Ha!, Oh no!, Hooray!, Hello!, Ouch!, Yes!, or No!
TYPES OF SENTENCESSentences can be either simple, compound, complex, orcompound-complex.
THE SIMPLE SENTENCEA simple sentence will have only one independent clause.There will be no dependent clauses, and the sentence must belimited to one subject and one predicate. The sentence maycontain modifying words or phrases: Language class is fun."Smallville" is an American television show.
THE COMPOUND SENTENCECompound sentences are made up of two or moreindependent clauses, which are joined by a coordinatingconjunction or a semicolon. A comma should always be usedbefore any coordinating conjunction that joins twoindependent clauses: Mike likes "Smallville," but he thinkslanguage class is boring. Laura likes language class, so shedoes not like "Smallville."
THE COMPLEX SENTENCEComplex sentences use one independent clause and one ormore dependent clauses: When Laura is in language class,she often dreams of the next Smallville show. ("WhenLaura..." is a dependent clause, "she often..." is an independent clause.)
THE COMPOUND-COMPLEX SENTENCEThe compound-complex sentence connects a compound and acomplex sentence together. The sentence should contain twoor more independent clauses and one or more dependentclause: Smallville is based off of the story of Superman, andthey often make things different than the comic book, whichcan be confusing at times.
PARTS OF A SENTENCESUBJECTThe subject of a sentence is the person, place,thing, or idea that is doing or being something. Example: The light bulb needs tobe replaced.
PREDICATEThe predicate is the completer of a sentence. Example: Benita is going biking.
PARTS OF SPEECH
DECLARATIVE STATEMENTA declarative sentence states an idea.Example: I am going outside.
INTERROGATIVE STATEMENTAn interrogative sentence asks a direct question.Example: Are you going outside?
IMPERATIVE STATEMENTAn imperative sentence gives a command.Example: Larry, open the door.
EXCLAMATORY STATEMENTAn exclamatory sentence shows strong feeling.Example: The bear is attacking!
ANTONYMSA word opposite of another word.
Example: hot or cold, long orshort, big or small, light and dark.
SYNONYMSOne of two or more words that have the same or nearly identicalmeanings.
Example: student or pupil, babyor infant, smart and intelligent.
ACRONYMSWords or names formed bycombining the first letters of wordsin a phrase.
Example: NBA is an acronym ofNational Basketball Association.
"Quotation Marks"Quotation marks are used aroundthe exact words of a speaker.Example: She said, "Theanswer is one."
Apostrophe'The apostrophe is used in place ofomitted letters in a contraction.Example: He can't go to thestore until later.
The apostrophe is also used toshow possession.Example: Here comes Mike'sdog around the corner.
Exclamation Point!An exclamation point is used atthe end of a sentence to showemotion or excitement.Example: I can’t believe theywon that game with no time lefton the clock!
Comma,There are many comma rules.The most common rule is using acomma to separate items in a list.Example: She played softball,basketball, and volleyball.
Colon:The colon is used to show that alist of items follows it.Example: He studied twosubjects: Reading and English.
Semicolon;Use a semicolon to join twoclosely related clauses if they arenot joined by the words and, or,but, for, or nor.Example: Don't open thewindow; the screen isn't in.
Period.Used at the end of a sentence.Example: The dog ran away.
Question Mark?A question mark is used at theend of a direct question.Example: Where is your dog?
RULES OFPUNCTUATION
HOMONYMSHomonyms are words that have thesame form or sound but differentmeanings. They can also be veryconfusing.
• all ready, already • buy, by • complement, compliment • for, four• hole, whole• it's, its • miner, minor • past, passed • principal, principle • stationary, stationery • their, there, they're • threw, through • to, too, two • weather, whether • your, you're
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PERSONAL DIRECTORY
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