Midterm Review December 2013 Slide 2 1.Where does the energy to
fuel food webs come from? A.Producers B.Sunlight C.The Atmosphere
D.Consumers Slide 3 For ecosystems, the major source of energy is
sunlight. Energy entering ecosystems as sunlight is transferred by
producers into chemical energy through photosynthesis. That energy
then passes from organism to organism in food webs. Slide 4 2. Draw
a food pyramid with 3 levels and label the organisms in each one.
Secondary Consumers Secondary Consumers Secondary Consumers
Secondary Consumers Primary Consumers Primary Consumers Primary
Consumers Primary Consumers Producers A. B. C. D. Slide 5 3. How do
decomposers benefit an ecosystem? C. an animal in the food chain
that eats grass and other plants for food A. an organism that gets
fuel from the breaking down of organic material B. an animal in the
food chain that eats other animals or meat for food D. an organism
like a green plant and certain bacteria that can produce their own
fuel through photosynthesis Slide 6 Slide 7 4. Define food web,
food chain and energy pyramid. Which is a network of many
interconnected food chains and feeding relationships? A.Food web
B.Food chain C.Energy pyramid D.All of the above Slide 8 4. Define
food web, food chain and energy pyramid. Which is the sequence of
who eats whom in a biological community (an ecosystem) to obtain
nutrition? A.Energy pyramid B.Food web C.Food chain D. None of the
above Slide 9 A network of many food chains is called a food web.
The arrows in a food chain show the flow of energy A food chain is
the sequence of who eats whom in a biological community (an
ecosystem) to obtain nutrition Slide 10 An energy pyramid is a
graphical model of energy flow in a community. The different levels
represent different groups of organisms that might compose a food
chain. From the bottom-up, they are as follows: Producers use
energy from the sun. Primary consumers eat the producers, which
makes them herbivores in most communities. Secondary consumers eat
the primary consumers, which makes them carnivores: some eat
producers and consumers, these are omnivores. Tertiary consumers
eat the secondary consumers, these are usually carnivores. Slide 11
5. List 3 limitations of a model. Some limitations of a model are
the 1) models are not alive, 2) models do not act exactly like the
object they model, 3) depending on the model could be things like
size, distance, temperature, color, etc. Slide 12 The bottom of the
curve is called the _______ A. Volume B. Cylinder C. Watermark D.
Meniscus Slide 13 6.Explain how you read the fluid in graduated
cylinder. When measuring liquid volume it is important to read the
graduated cylinder correctly. Your eye should be level with the top
of the liquid and you should read the bottom of the curve. Slide 14
7.What are the main objects in our Solar System? A.stars, 8
planets, 5+ dwarf planets, asteroids, and comets B. planets, dwarf
planets, moons, asteroids, and comets C. 1 star, 8 planets, 5+
dwarf planets, many moons, asteroids, and comets D. Mercury, Venus,
Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus and Neptune Slide 15 Is Pluto
a Planet? A.It orbits around the Sun. B.It has sufficient mass for
its self-gravity so that it assumes a spherical shape. C.It has
cleared the neighborhood around its orbit. 8. What is the
difference between a Planet and a dwarf planet? Slide 16
Photosynthesis is the process of converting light energy to
chemical energy and storing it in the bonds of glucose. This
process occurs in plants and some algae. Plants need only light
energy, CO 2, and H 2 O to make glucose. 6CO 2 + 6H 2 O (+ light
energy) yields C 6 H 12 O 6 + 6O 2 9.Describe the process of
photosynthesis? Slide 17 Photosynthesis is the process in which
living organisms, most typically plants (but also algae), use
sunlight to convert carbon dioxide and water into organic material
(i.e., carbohydrates) that is used for sustenance. Photosynthesis
occurs in organelles called chloroplasts. The byproduct of this
process is oxygen. 9.Describe the process of photosynthesis? Oxygen
Slide 18 10. Why are plants green? A.Chloroplasts B.Turgor Pressure
C.Chlorophyll D.Photosynthesis Green plants are green because they
contain a pigment called chlorophyll. Chlorophyll is found in the
chloroplasts of plants. Slide 19 11. Why do plants always grow up?
A.Phototropism B.Geotropism C.Both of the above D.Neither of the
above Slide 20 12. What is work? Work is applying a force to an
object and the object moving in the direction the force is applied.
Ex. When you apply an upward force to a box and move the box upward
you have done work. However, once you start walking with that box,
the box is moving forward but you are applying the force upwards,
so you are not doing work. The force and motion must be in the same
direction. Slide 21 12. How do you calculate work? Work = Force x
Distance W = F x d The SI Unit for force is Newton The SI Unit for
distance is meter The SI Unit for work is Joule Slide 22 12. How do
you calculate work? A little girl applies a force of 2,550 newtons
to her dog that is sitting on her legs but is unable to move him.
How much work does she do? A.2,550 J B. 255 J C. 25 J D. 0 J Slide
23 12. How do you calculate work? If it takes a force of 68 newtons
to move a chair 10 meters across the room. How much work do you do?
A.6,880 J B. 680 J C. 68.0 J D. 0 J Slide 24 13. What should you do
if someone in your lab group breaks a piece of equipment? A.tell
your lab partner B.use it carefully anyway C.use someone elses
equipment D.tell the teacher Slide 25 14. What is this piece of
equipment? A.spring scale C. Balance Scale B.Triple beam balanceD.
Balance Slide 26 14.A Triple Beam Balance measures _________ in
_________ A.grams in mass A.force in Newtons B.mass in grams
C.weight in grams Slide 27 15.What do the following instruments
measure and in what units? Triple Beam Balance - Graduated Cylinder
- used to accurately measure the volume of a liquid in ml. All are
read by measuring the lowest portion of the meniscus. measures the
mass of an object. The unit of measurement is a gram Slide 28
15.What do the following instruments measure and in what units?
Pipette - Meter Stick - 1 m = 100 cm = 1000 mm The meter "Stick"
measures distance, more specifically it measures distance in units
of meters. is used to transfer small amounts (< 1 ml) of liquids
Slide 29 15. You can use a spring scale to measure which of these?
A.liquids B.volume C.force D.stress Slide 30 15. A spring scale
uses which of the following? A.meters B.Joules C.Newtons
D.milliliter Slide 31 19. This picture is of A.graduated cylinders
B.test tubes C.beakers D.spring scales Slide 32 Vocabulary You
Should Know! These are not in any particular order and there may be
a few extra to help you! Slide 33 1. Ecosystems can be both large
and small. A. TrueB. False Slide 34 An ecosystem consists of a
biological community and its physical environment. (All LIVING and
NONLIVING) can be as small as a drop of water or as large as a
forest some (like caves) have clear boundaries, others (like
forests) do not provides the organisms that live in it what they
need to survive: food (energy), water and shelter runs on energy
from the sun energy moves through the food web Slide 35 2. an
organism that makes its own food/fuel through the process of
photosynthesis. A.Consumer A.Producer B.Herbivore C.Heterotroph
Slide 36 3. What are the different types of weathering A.Mechanical
and Physical B.Physical and Erosion C.Mechanical and Chemical
D.Chemical and Erosion Slide 37 mechanical the physical break down
of rocks into smaller and smaller pieces. Examples: abrasion, ice
wedging, plants and animals chemical the chemical break down of
rocks and minerals into new substances. Examples: water, acid in
precipitation, acid in ground water, acid in living things. Slide
38 4. an organism that must eat other organisms in a food chain for
fuel. A.consumer B.Producer C.Ecosystem D.autotroph Slide 39 5.An
opening in the Earths crust where lava, ash and gases come out. A
mountain that forms when molten rock is forced to the Earths
surface. A.Canyon B.Magma Chamber C.Volcano D.Mountain Slide 40 6.
an animal in the food chain that only eats other animals.
A.Consumer B.Carnivore C.Herbivore D.Decomposer Slide 41 7. an
animal in the food chain that only eats grass and other plants.
A.Carnivore B. Decomposer C. All of the Above D. None of the Above
Slide 42 8. pressure exerted by water inside the cell on the cell
wall. A.Photosynthesis B. Chloroplast Pressure C. Turgor Pressure
D. Water Pressure Slide 43 9. an animal in the food chain that
consumes both plants and other organisms. A.Autotroph B. Omnivore
C. All of the Above D. None of the Above Slide 44 10. an organism
that gets fuel from the breaking down of organic material.
A.Producer B. Herbivore C. Decomposer D. None of the Above Slide 45
11. the process by where rock, soil, and sediment are moved from
one location to another by natural forces such as wind, water, and
ice. A.Mechanical Weathering B. Physical Weathering C. Erosion D.
Deposition Slide 46 Slide 47 12. a push or pull. A.Newton B. Force
C. Joule D. None of the above Slide 48 13. the breaking down of
rocks into smaller and smaller pieces but the pieces remain in the
same place. A.Mechanical Weathering B. Physical Weathering C.
Weathering D. None of the Above Slide 49 14. a community of
organisms and their abiotic (nonliving) environment. A.ecoregion B.
region C. ecosystem D. ecology Slide 50 15. the laying down or
accumulation of rock, soil and sediment after it has been moved
from another location by natural forces. A.Mechanical Weathering
A.Physical Weathering B.Erosion C.Deposition Slide 51 Definitions
Consumer (Heterotroph) an organism that must eat other organism in
a food chain for fuel Producer (Autotroph) an organism like a green
plant and certain bacteria that can produce their own fuel through
photosynthesis Decomposer an organism that gets fuel from the
breaking down of organic material Slide 52 Ecosystem consists of a
biological community and its physical environment. (All LIVING and
NONLIVING) Earthquake - shaking and vibration at the surface of the
earth resulting from underground movement along a fault plane or
from volcanic activity Volcano an opening in the earths crust in
which molten lava, ash, and gases are ejected Slide 53 Carnivore an
animal in the food chain that eats other animals or meat for food
Herbivore an animal in the food chain that eats grass and other
plants for food Omnivore an animal in the food chain that consumes
both plants and other organisms. Slide 54 Weathering - the
breakdown of rock into smaller pieces by natural processes Erosion
- process by which wind and water move sediment from one place to
another Deposition the process of laying down or the accumulation
of rock, soil and sediment after it has been moved from one place
to another Slide 55 Photosynthesis a process used by plants to
change light energy captured by the sun to chemical energy that can
be used as fuel Turgor Pressure pressure exerted by water inside
the cell on the cell wall Force is a push or pull. Unbalanced force
causes motion. Slide 56 Rotation the spinning motion of a body,
such as a planet about an internal axis Revolution - The amount of
time that each planet takes to travel around the sun. It is the
length of a year on that planet. Slide 57 Phototropism- when a
plants stem and leaves grow towards the sunlight. (positive
phototropism) Gravitropism or Geotropism- when roots grow towards
the center of Earth (positive gravitropism) Ex. Roots show positive
geotropism Stems show negative geotropism Slide 58 Hydrotropism is
a change in the growth of a plant in response to water. planet an
object orbiting a star that is large enough to be rounded, or
shaped, by its own gravitational force and has cleared its orbital
neighborhood..
