Migration: Theory and Practice

Oxford Migration Studies Society

SCHOOL OF ANTROPOLOGY

& MUSEUM ETHNOGRAPHY

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Message from the Oxford Migration Studies Society

Dearest speakers,

On behalf of the Oxford Migration Studies Society, I would like to share the following information

with you. Thank you for your initial interest in the conference and please do not hesitate to contact

us in the case of any further assistance being needed.

On 4th May 2013, we will be holding our first annual conference, entitled Migration: Theory and

Practice. The conference is a graduate student conference that seeks to connect students of all

disciplines – social sciences and humanities – interested in the future of Migration Studies with

practitioners in the field in order to develop a deeper understanding of the interconnections

between public, academic and political discourses around international and internal migration.

This year’s theme has specifically been chosen to explore how practice can inform theory, and,

inversely, how academic theory can be used in real-world contexts to understand the complexity

of international human mobility.

On the OMSS board, we are thrilled to have 18 speakers from around the world, including Japan,

Brazil, Italy, India, England and the United States. With over 75 submissions, the selection

process was difficult and we are pleased to welcome you to Oxford and to the Migration Studies

Society on campus. This packet includes all the information you will need for the weekend of 4

May, including paper guidelines, your discussants, biographies of your fellow speakers and

abstracts of their presentations, as well as information about the location of the conference and

places to stay and finally, information for the audience about how to register.

We look forward to hearing from you soon, Phoenix Paz Secretary of the Oxford Migration Studies Society

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About the Conference …............................................................................................................ 4

Conference Schedule …............................................................................................................ 5

Conference Setup and Panel Assignments ............................................................................... 6

Panel 1: Labour Migration ….................................................................................. 7

Panel 2: Diaspora and Return ….......................................................................... 10

Panel 3: Religious and Family Life …................................................................... 13

Panel 4: Globalisation and Technology …............................................................ 15

Know the Participants ….......................................................................................................... 17

Staying in Oxford …................................................................................................................. 18

Discussants ……….................................................................................................................. 21

Table of Contents

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About the society: Oxford Migration Studies Society (OMSS) is a University Society that aims to connect people in Oxford examining any facet of migration. Society members have included students and researchers from the Centre on Migration, Policy and Society (COMPAS), the Refugee Studies Centre (RSC), the International Migration Institute (IMI), anthropology, politics, history, geography, and sociology. Through organizing and hosting social events, publicizing and promoting scholarship in the discipline of Migration and conducting outreach among students, professionals and academics interested in Migration Studies, the Oxford Migration Studies Society seeks to create a Migration Studies community in Oxford and beyond. About the audience: Participation to the conference is open to all those interested in the theme and migration issues at large. Most students in the Migration Studies Society are from the Migration Studies and the Refugee Studies cohort, although we do have members from the Anthropology, Politics, History and Education departments as well. As such, most of the students participating will be familiar with key concepts, research and analysis in the economics, politics, sociology and anthropology of migration. The conference is meant to enable the participants to understand the nature of both theory and practice as part of the intrinsic processes of development, social change and globalisation and further, to gain a more grounded and comprehensive understanding of human mobility. About the conference: The Oxford Migration Studies Society 1stAnnual Conference to be held Saturday, 4 May 2013, provides an interdisciplinary forum that hopes to connect scholars and practitioners with an interest in migration from around the world. This year’s conference, themed ‘Theory and Practice’, will explore different approaches to understanding migration as a fundamental part of today’s world, highlight the way practice can inform theory, and discuss how academic theory can be used in real-world situations to understand the importance of migration for all involved. The Society welcomes papers from all disciplines and practitioners around the world and papers can focus on the migration experience from the state’s perspective, the migrant’s perspective, the migration industry’s perspective in sending and receiving countries as well as on the journey.

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Conference Schedule

Morning

08:45 – 09:00 OMSS Welcome

09:00 - 10:30 Keynote Speaker Presentations

Robin Cohen Emeritus Professor and Former Director of the International Migration

Institute, University of Oxford

Habib Rahman CEO of Joint Council for the Welfare of Immigrants (JCWI)

10:30 – 11:00 Break

11:00 -- 13:00 Session 1

13:00 -- 14:30 Lunch

Afternoon

14:30 – 16:30 Session 2

16:30 – 17:30 Closing remarks and Q&A.

Evening Reception 17:30

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Setup The main body of the conference consists of two sessions. During each session, two separate panels will run simultaneously. Each panel will have several speakers and participants will be able to attend one of the panels, at their choice. Panels

1. Labour Migration Participants:

Gustavo Takeshy Taniguti, Meng Liang, Neha Wadhawan, Tara Piasetski

Facilitator: Philippe-Andre Rodriguez

2. Diaspora and Return Participants: Ayako Takamori,

Emanuelle Degli Esposti, Francesco Marini, Jade Cemre Erciyes, Sangmi Lee

Facilitator: Ka-Kin Cheuk 3. Religious and Family Life Participants:

Iliyana Angelova, Teng Xu Xiangyan Liu

Facilitator: Tonica Hunter 4. Globalisation and Technologies Participants:

Adél Pásztor, André Luiz Siciliano

Priya Kumar, Rachel Humphris

Facilitator: Phoenix Paz

Conference setup and panel assignments

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Panel 1: Labour Migration Participants: Gustavo Takeshy Taniguti, Meng Liang, Neha Wadhawan, Tara Piasetski Facilitator: Philippe-Andre Rodriguez Occupational Mobility of Japanese Immigrants and Economic Development Politics in Brazil: The Case of Agricultural Cooperatives, 1930-1980 By: Gustavo Takeshy Taniguti In this paper I examine how occupational mobility of Japanese immigrants ─ from colonos to land owners ─ and government policies towards economic development programs were crucial to the emergence of agricultural cooperatives in Brazil. Using data from a 1958 Japanese population census in Brazil and bibliographical material, I suggest theoretical and empirical guidelines for a better understanding of the interplay between the market and noneconomic factors in the experience of these cooperatives. It is argued that the agricultural cooperativism represented one of the main collective organizational devices of Japanese immigrants for economic activity coordination, as well as it aggregated potential resources for the inclusion of this population in political and social processes in the host society. Cooperatives of Japanese immigrants in Brazil increased significantly from the 1930s, and especially during the Brazilian military dictatorship they have become fundamental institutions for the agriculture modernization policies. To understand the conditions that allowed these entrepreneurships emergence and its outcomes for the Japanese immigrants and their descendants over time I consider external and internal organizational factors, like the State regulation through laws and economic development plans, political regime changes, the spatial mobility of immigrants, the growth of the regional economy and cultural characteristics of immigrants. I explore relevant political processes of Brazilian society to understanding the performance structures of these cooperatives on market, as well as the orientation and influence of social forces that operated over these structures, sustaining or modifying it over time.

Confronting Kawakami village: Migrants’ realities and ‘place making’ By: Meng Liang In this paper, I examine Chinese agricultural labour migrants’ experiences in rural Japan. The research is based on multi-sited ethnography, mainly in Kawakami, a village located in northeastern Japan, from July 2012 to November 2012, but also in some other villages, with support institutions in Tokyo as well as with recruiting agencies in China. I go beyond the labelling of Chinese migrants as passive victims of difficult work conditions and exploitation, which pervades much of the literature on international migration. Chinese peasant workers themselves are normally both invisible and inaudible. By exploring the aspirations of the workers and their interpretations of the overseas experiences, I argue that Chinese peasant workers possess an agency to negotiate, navigate, and to survive in the village. The strategy they take is to contest over local institutions to build up their own ‘places,’ where they can find provisional security, a sense of relief, and mutual supports. Workers’ own ‘places’ further facilitate the formation of the social network among Chinese workers, although it is officially repressed by the dominant society. A highly intensive social network plays a significant role to help workers to adapt, to overcome difficulties, and to better exercise their agency.

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Living In Domesti-City: Gender and Migration for Reproductive Labour A Case Study of Tamang domestic workers from Sindhupalchowk, Nepal By: Neha Wadhawan In the twenty-first century, the processes of Globalization have helped shape a new organization of social reproduction in the world. This re-organization is characterized by reliance, on the part of families and individuals, on paid workers to perform a broad range of domestic tasks in private homes. This new organization is also characterized by the fact that these domestic workers are migrant women from backward regions, mostly belonging to indigenous communities, women who have left their homes because of structural and social constraints to live and work 24x7 in the homes of their employers. They are an integral component of the expanding low-wage service economy in these cities with the maturation of social networks and aided by recruitment agents. Thus, paid domestic work and migrant women have become intimately linked. This paper attempts to explore the gendered aspects of migration for domestic work from Nepal and its relevance to migration theory and practice. Anna M. Agathangelou (2004) defines reproductive labour as ‘the international sexual division of labour in which women’s social and economic contributions are exploited, commodified and sold for cheap wages. It involves the purchase and sale of labour power, and the very self of the worker as a commodity (e.g., sexual desire, nurturance/care-giving) and the employer’s power to command this labour by its propertied class specifically, and for transnational bourgeois capitalist interests, generally.’ The first section explores the concept of reproductive labour and its value to understand the gendered nature of migration for domestic work from South Asia. The next section outlines a case study based on a multi-method approach to collecting data from Sindhupalchowk district in Nepal. The household census method was used to collect data on a range of socio-economic characteristics of migrant domestic workers and their families in a randomly selected Tamang dominated village; supplemented by semi-structured interviews and collecting life stories of live-in domestic workers from the village. Questions around their migrant experience, value of reproductive labour and their own estimation of labour value were canvassed and these will be discussed in the following section of the paper. The paper concludes by demonstrating how regional circuits link up with larger labour circuits (via India to the GCC countries), supplying to global care chains for reproductive labour extending from the remote poverty ridden villages of backward areas to the rich and powerful urban centres in more developed regions.

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Neocolonial Governmentality: US-Philippine Relations and the Production of a Neocolonial Subject By: Tara Piasetski In this paper, I expand Foucault's theory of governmentally to account for the postcolonial, transnational relationship between states which I term neocolonial governmentality. I highlight Filipina nurse migration to the United States, using the history of Filipina nurse migrants and well as the current understandings of US-Philippine relations to argue that the United States, as the Philippines' former colonial power, abstracts itself from the continual governing of Philippine citizens through various state and non-state actors, networks and nodes, ultimately producing a citizen that conducts herself in ways that benefit the former colonial power. Neocolonial governmentality formed a nexus with the rise of neoliberal political rationalities, encouraging entrepreneurial and enterprising women, who act as patriots by submitting their bodies to American market demands. I argue that neocolonial governmentality produces the self-governing migrant labourer who is abstracted from the colonial history and neocolonial power relations that regulate her actions.

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Panel 2: Diaspora and Return Participants: Ayako Takamori , Emanuelle Degli Esposti, Francesco Marini, Jade Cemre Erciyes, Sangmi Lee Facilitator: Ka-Kin Cheuk Transpacific Longings: Japanese Americans in Japan By: Ayako Takamori This paper is an ethnographic study of Japanese American return migrants to Japan, with an interest in how understandings of international politics may be enhanced by accounting for the interstitial and often invisible mediations between nations taking place outside of official diplomatic channels. Japanese Americans living in Japan inhabit a peculiar space: they are neither Japanese nor completely foreign. Based on over one year of participant-observation fieldwork research, my paper examines how Japanese Americans negotiate different racial formations and cultural expectations in their ethnic homeland. Covering a period of over sixty years, the experiences of different generations of Japanese Americans reflect changing notions of race, national identity, and US-Japan relations. The paper addresses questions of how Japanese American identities are delineated over time in Japan, and how Japanese Americans contribute to reshaping contemporary Japanese discourses of nationhood and multiculturalism. I theorize that transnational and diasporic subjects must continuously re-situate their identities between the nation-states to which they maintain ties of belonging – nation states which are themselves constructed relationally. I argue that the experiences of different the generations of Japanese Americans in Japan refract a history of U.S.-Japan relations, of which they are not only products but also significant participants. Narrating the Diaspora: Discourse, Identity, and the State in the Iraqi Shi'a Diaspora By: Emanuelle Degli Esposti Since Benedict Anderson, much migration theory has taken for granted the notion that all nations are the product of an imaginative process; a collective act of self-formation tied to certain discourses and practices. But while there has been a healthy literature on the way in which national narratives include or exclude migrant communities, little research has been conducted on the avenues through which these narratives themselves form part of the processes of migration and displacement. By focusing on the case of the Iraqi Shi’a diaspora, specifically those individuals who were deported from Iraq under Saddam Hussein, this article explores the ways in which official discourse is implicated in the creation and maintenance of this diaspora population, both physically and ideationally. This is achieved by tracing the alienation of Shi’as in Ba’thist discourse and highlighting the ways in which this discourse is being reflected and reproduced at the site of individual experience. Combining discourse analysis of original and secondary sources with both formal and informal interviews conducted in the Iraqi Shi’a community, I tease out the relationship between nation-building and migration, and the ways in which state narratives can shape individuals’ conceptions of themselves within diaspora populations.

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Transnationalism and integration: what kind of relationship? Ghanaian associations in Italy and the UK By: Francesco Marini Thanks to telecommunication and transport revolutions, nowadays migrants are able to actively participate to both home and host countries (Glick Schiller et al. 1992, Portes 2001) in a radically different way than ever before (Vertovec 2004, Caselli 2009). A privileged point of view to observe that is provided by migrants’ associations which more and more undertake development actions in the homeland. This kind of transnational action highlights that transnationalism and integration can be interrelated to each other in various ways, according to the different characteristics of migrants’ cohorts and of the opportunity structure provided by destination countries. The aim of the paper is to put into light how transnational actions can foster the integration process in the places where migrants live. In fact the engagement of migrants’ associations for improving the places where they come from, can foster their access and their recognition in the host countries’ public arena. The paper will highlight the results of a multi-sited and comparative research on development action undertaken by Ghanaian associations in Italy and the UK. It consists of 60 semi-structured interviews and several participant observation in Italy, the UK and Ghana. Illegal for Whom? Return Migration to Abkhazia By: Jade Cemre Erciyes This paper analyzes the illegal routes of ancestral return migration to Abkhazia, a contested independent Republic in the Caucasus, to show the different undertandings of laws and regulations from the migrants’ perspective. Even when in both the sending (Turkey) and receiving (Abkhazia) country the status of the migrants are legal, according to Georgia (who argues Abkhazia is an integral part of her territory) and Russia (since they want to be the only access point for the small Republic, controlling the movement of people in and out) going to Abkhazia from a direct route is illegal. Throughout the 20 years of independence of Abkhazia, the diaspora have taken different illegal routes to be able to reach their homes – both in their ancestral homeland and in the diaspora. If the status of migrants is legal but the route taken is illegal how does this relate to the migration theory? The data for this paper has been collected between 2007-2013 in Abkhazia and in Turkey, through ethnoghraphy, but the back bone of this paper will be based on 20 life history interviews with returnees from my Phd fieldwork in 2011-2012. The narratives of their journeys resemble other illegal migrants, but in this case we should raise the question - illegal for whom? of ethnic identity in their daily lives. The diversity in Hmong communities and multiple layers of their ethnicity always coexist with continuation of culture and social relationships practiced transnationally.

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A Comparative Study on Ethnic Unity and Fragmentation in the Hmong Diaspora By: Sangmi Lee Based on a fourteen-month multi-sited ethnographic fieldwork in Laos and the United States, my research examines how diasporic Hmong people maintain their social cohesion and collective diasporic ethnic identity while also experiencing social fragmentation based on affiliations with the separate nation-states in which they reside. By analyzing Hmong’s own perspectives on their cultural changes, different lifestyle, and social conditions based on national affiliation with each respective country, I will argue that Hmong people have come to adapt to each society as their alternative homeland to a certain extent, which indicates a certain degree of social and national belonging. However, I will further emphasize that this national affiliation is always questioned because they continue to experience social, economic, and racial/ethnic marginalization as an ethnic minority group and also because they maintain a strong transnational affiliation with other Hmong in the diaspora. As a result, an ethnography of the Hmong diaspora will reveal how diasporic ethnic minority groups have actually developed diversified and contested perspectives about their own ethnicity and culture while continuing to promote their cultural heritage and sense of ethnic identity in their daily lives. The diversity in Hmong communities and multiple layers of their ethnicity always coexist with continuation of culture and social relationships practiced transnationally.

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Panel 3: Religious and Family Life

Participants: Iliyana Angelova, Teng Xu, Xiangyan Liu Facilitator: Tonica Hunter Building a ‘home’ away from home: the experiences of young Naga migrants in Delhi By: Iliyana Angelova ‘Naga’ is a generic term applied to several predominantly Christian tribal groups residing in North-east India. Over the past 10-15 years, there has been large-scale migration of young Naga people to the cosmopolitan cities of India for better employment or education opportunities. The paper will seek to provide an anthropological insight into the contemporary experiences of some of these young migrants in Delhi as they struggle to face the multiple challenges posed by their everyday interactions with the local population. Severely marginalised in the public space and negatively conceptualised by the majority Hindu and Muslim population of Delhi as the quintessential ‘Other’, ‘backward’ tribals, ‘chinky’ (i.e. Chinese) and ‘foreigners’ who don’t know Hindi, Naga migrants in Delhi are subject to various forms of racial discrimination and prejudicial stereotyping and are forced to resort to multiple survival strategies based on existing networks of kinship, tribal affiliation and church membership. The paper will seek to elucidate how these networks provide the young Naga with meaningful forms of belonging in the hostile urban environment, inform their employment choices and underpin even more intensified geographic mobility from their home places to the capital city where they choose to build a new ‘home’. Place of worship, place of encounter. A Chinese association in Paris By: Teng Xu This paper consists of an ethnographic account of the French Teochew Association, located in the 13th arrondissement of Paris, France. Participant observation was conducted there for several hours every weekend from November 2010 till May 2011. A thorough description of the religious and social spaces in the Association will be given in the first part of the paper. Then the focus will shift to the people, including the Association leaders and ordinary worshipers. By investigating their migrant trajectories, their prejudice against French girls, the terms that they used and the role of the Teochew language, I attempt to understand the immigrants’ ethnic identification and the emergence of their national consciousness. These phenomena will demonstrate that the Paris Teochew’s form of organisation fits into the concept of vertical integration, which suggests that class consciousness does not necessarily displace ethnic consciousness.

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From Canton to San Francisco: Transmigrant Experience and Education Perceived by Contemporary 1.5 Generation Chinese Youth from an American Public High School By: Xiangyan Liu Through the intersection of anthropology of education and diaspora studies, this paper attempts to explore possible factors that enabled the contemporary 1.5 generation Chinese youth to view themselves as transmigrant rather than immigrant. This qualitative research project examines two questions: 1) How do contemporary 1.5 generation Chinese youth experience their status as immigrants in the United States? 2) What contextual factors shape the experience of 1.5 generation Chinese youth as immigrants in the United States? The data were gathered at a public high school in the city of San Francisco, which comprises a significant Chinese immigrant population. A total of seven participants were interviewed throughout the study. The data analysis reveals four key themes: mentality of U.S. schooling and position in the ESL program, sense of belonging in multiple regions, global communicating, and insular group. These findings show the transmigrant identity as a mediating factor had shaped the 1.5 generation Chinese youth’s individual experience in the United States, which may help educators better understand how sociocultural factors have played in the educational experience of immigrant youth in a larger global context.

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Panel 4: Globalisation and Technology Participants: Adél Pásztor, André Luiz Siciliano, Francesco Vacchiano, Priya Kumar, Rachel Humphris Facilitator: Phoenix Paz Careers on the move: motivations, choices and aspirations of international doctoral students By: Adél Pásztor International student migration, especially at doctoral level, is an under-researched component of international migration, yet increasingly important as a result of the Bologna process, the internationalisation of higher education, and the global competition for talent. During the last two decades there has been a staggering, if somewhat unnoticed growth in postgraduate student numbers in UK higher education: there are now more than five times as many postgraduates than in 1990. While international students largely contributed to the expansion of higher education very little is known about them. This is in stark contrast with the case of institutional student mobility where much research has been undertaken on Erasmus students. There are many questions but little research done on postgraduate student migration covering the whole period of studies abroad. Here, we are left in unknown regarding the background characteristics, decision-making processes or experiences of internationally mobile students who study for a whole degree abroad. Relying on 30 in-depth interviews with doctoral students at an elite British university the author investigates the effects of social and academic background and finances on international student participation at doctoral level together with the individual experiences of mobility and the potential for mobile academic careers in the future.

MERCOSUR By: André Luiz Siciliano

The present work is an investigation about immigration policies and on how the South American regional integration has been place for a regional migration policy, specially within the MERCOSUR and its associated states. Therefore, this article is divided in two parts, the first one is theoretical and it aims to define what a regional migration policy is and who immigrants are. In the second part, all regional agreements on immigration will be analyzed and confronted to regional migration figures in order to identify whether they are able to facilitate migration throughout the States Parties of MERCOSUR (Argentina, Brazil, Paraguay, Uruguay and Venezuela) and its Associated States (Bolivia, Chile, Colombia, Ecuador and Peru), or to improve the flow of people cross borders. At the end, it will be pointed out either the regional advances and the challenges still stood to the progressive grow of the regional integration.

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The Publicly Anonymous and the Dot-Com: An Exploration of Contemporary Sikh Blogging By: Priya Kumar Information communication technologies (ICTs) have increasingly come to provide key platforms of interaction for many migrant diaspora communities. Current ‘web 2.0’ platforms promote information exchange in a variety of read-write formats; all of which are user-centered and collaborative. Trends associated with blogging and subsequent virtual community linkages moreover, suggest that the web (albeit with much resilience) is indeed vying to fill the holes of geography. How then does the above come to weave itself within contemporary migrant diaspora communities - populations which often toe the line between a variety of cultures. This paper argues that the web has indeed amplified both the opportunities and motivations surrounding migrant identity constructs. With focus on the Sikh diaspora, a population which maintains notable pockets in North America and the U.K, this paper undertakes an inductive exploratory approach and investigates the complexities of identity reconciliation in the context of second/third generation migrants. The data used in this paper stems from the e-Diaspora Atlas, a project focusing on the mapping of virtual exchanges. With blogs accounting for just under 40% of all online Sikh activity, there is merit in investigating young 'publicly anonymous'. In a quest for legitimacy and relevancy, bloggers characteristically focus on topics such as domestic affairs, cultural events and new media. With emphasis on providing a virtual snapshot of networked linkages, this paper concludes that bloggers have a very special role in maintaining and propelling identity narratives forward, the impacts of which currently remain unknown.

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Super-diversity in theory and practice: a case study of new migrants in one UK super-diverse town By: Rachel Humphris This paper builds on recent research that addresses the notion of ‘super-diversity’ (Vertovec 2007) as an analytical tool to account for the increasing complexity evident in global cities. These urban areas are not only characterised by a multiplicity of ethnic and migrant minorities, but also differentiations in variables such as migration histories, religions, educational backgrounds, legal statuses, length of residence and economic backgrounds. This paper formulates some questions regarding how this theory might help to explore how new migrants establish themselves in practice in highly diverse urban environments. It is empirically grounded in a case study of a group of Romanian Roma new migrants in the UK and their horizontal connections. Firstly the paper examines how concepts of ‘commonplace diversity’ (Wessendorf 2010); ‘banal cosmopolitanism’ (Noble 2009) and ‘urban indifference’ (van Leeuwen 2010) can explain the different opportunities and challenges faced by new migrants. Secondly it specifically addresses how the resources and strategies of migrant groups differ according to super-diverse variables. Finally, it offers an evaluation of how the everyday experience of diversity influences new migrants’ expectations and aspirations for the future.

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Adél Pásztor Adel Pasztor is a Lecturer in Sociology at Northumbria University in the UK. Prior to that she has worked at the University of Amsterdam as a Marie Curie Experienced Researcher and at the European University Institute Florence as a Jean Monnet Fellow. She is particularly interested in migration and (higher) education research. She carried out research on second generation Turks' access to higher education, the immigrant-native gap in educational achievement, questions of higher education choice and access of non-traditional students, and the Bologna process. Currently she is involved in research on international student mobility and widening participation in access to postgraduate studies. She is a founder member of the EducEight Group, an international network of researchers working on social and educational inequalities. She organised the latest international conference on "Ethnicity and Education. Old Issues, New Insights" in July 2012 in Newcastle upon Tyne, UK. André Luiz Siciliano André Luiz Siciliano is a lawyer who graduated from the Catholic University of São Paulo (Brazil) in 2003 and is now a graduate student from the Institute of International Relations of the University of São Paulo (USP-Brazil), research about the Brazilian Immigration Policy. In 2006, he lived in Vancouver, Canada, where he began his studies in the field of international law. He currently conducts research in the fields of human rights and immigration Ayako Takamori Ayako Takamori is currently a Japan Society for the Promotion of Science postdoctoral research fellow at the University of Tokyo in the Department of Cultural Anthropology. She received her Ph.D. in anthropology at New York University, with a certificate in Culture and Media. Her research focuses on transnationalism, U.S.-Japan relations, and comparative race and ethnicity. Emanuelle Degli Esposti Emanuelle Degli Esposti is currently reading an MSc Middle East Politics at the London School of Oriental and African Studies (SOAS), and will be going on to pursue a PhD next year. Her research focuses on the mass deportations of Iraqi Shi'as of allegedly Iranian origin by Saddam Hussein's Ba'th Party, and the way in which the discourse of the Ba'th regime is being reflected and reproduced at the site of everyday practice and experience among the resulting Shi'a diaspora. She graduated from Oxford University in 2010 with a joint honours degree in Philosophy and French, and has worked as a freelance journalist covering the Middle East for both national and international publications. She also currently runs the online journal The Arab Review, which showcases contemporary art and culture in the Arab world.

Know the participants

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Francesco Marini Francesco Marini has recently obtained a PhD in Sociology and Social Research Methodology at the Catholic University of the Sacred Heart in Milan where he previously achieved a master degree, magna cum laude, in International Relations for Development. His research interests concern the linkage between migration and development, migrant associations, co-development and migrants’ pathways of integration in different countries. He has carried out a multi-sited and comparative research about the impact of co-development action on the integration process which has focused on Ghanaian associations in Italy and the UK. Gustavo T. Taniguti Gustavo T. Taniguti is Sociology Doctoral Student at the University of São Paulo, Department of Sociology. His research regards the historical experience of Cooperativa Agrícola de Cotia (1927-1994), one of the most prominent agriculture cooperatives founded by Japanese immigrants in Brazil. He is a Bachelor in Social Sciences from Federal University of São Carlos and Master in Sociology from University of São Paulo. Is also Regional Editor of the newsletter Global Dialogue - International Sociological Association. Iliyana Angelova Iliyana Angelova is currently pursuing her DPhil in Social Anthropology at the Institute of Social and Cultural Anthropology, University of Oxford. Her research examines the social and political dimensions of contemporary Naga Christianity (Northeast India) and the politics of identity. Iliyana holds an MA in Indian Studies from Sofia University, Bulgaria, and an MSc in Social Anthropology from the University of Oxford, Institute of Social and Cultural Anthropology. Jade Cemre Erciyes Jade Cemre Erciyes is a researcher at the Center for Strategic Studies under the President of the Republic of Abkhazia and a PhD student at the University of Sussex, Migration Studies, Brighton, UK. As a sociologist and a social-statistician, she has expertise on the Caucasus region. She has spent six years living between Abkhazia, Turkey and North-West Caucasus doing research on a variety of topics from agricultural development to traditions and customs of Adyghe-Abkhaz culture. Her current research interest is on the Adyghe-Abkhaz diaspora, ancestral return migration and transnationalism. Jiachun Hong Jiachun Hong is studying for his PhD in Communication at Southern Illinois University, College of Mass Communication and Media Arts. His research focus on the role of new media in renegotiating parent-children relationship in the Chinese rural-to-urban migrant workers' families. He graduated from the Chinese University of Hong Kong with a Master of Philosophy in Communication, and from Peking University with a Bachelor of Arts in International Studies.

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Meng Liang Meng Liang is currently reading for her Ph.D. in the Department of East Asian Studies at the University of Cambridge. Meng Liang received her first Master degree from Nagoya University, Japan, in 2009, and the MPhil degree from the University of Cambridge, the United Kingdom, in 2010. Her research is about an ethnographic study of Chinese migrant workers in rural Japan. Particular attention will be paid on revealing how power is resisted, negotiated or subverted by different parties. This study encompasses ‘trainee’ workers’ migratory projects, cross-border journeys and working arrangements with migration agencies in the migrant sending country and Japan, as well as expected/unexpected tensions and consequences arise from the overall migratory process. Priya Kumar Priya Kumar is currently completing a doctorate in Politics at the School of Oriental and African Studies, University of London (SOAS London). She is also a researcher for the ICT - Migrations Research Program: E-Diasporas Atlas Project (Foundation de la Maison des Science de l'Homme, Telecom ParisTech) Paris, France where she investigates the web activity of Tamil, Sikh and Palestinian diaspora communities. Her dissertation "Wireless Platforms and Borderless Grievances", questions the transformative power of the web in the construction of diasporia networks. Rachel Humphris Rachel Humphris is a doctoral student in Social and Cultural Anthropology at the University of Oxford. Her research examines how new migrants establish themselves in increasingly diverse areas in the UK. Rachel completed a masters in Migration Studies at the University of Oxford in 2010. Sangmi Lee Sangmi Lee is a D.Phil. student of anthropology at the University of Oxford. Her research interests include the Hmong diaspora, diasporic ethnic identity, social unity and fragmentation of ethnic minorities in Laos and the United States. Tara Piasetski Tara Piasetski recently completed the MSc in Sociology at the London School of Economics, where she specialized in Contemporary Social Thought. She will continue her studies in 2014, beginning her DPhil research with COMPAS at the University of Oxford. Teng Xu Teng Xu is reading for a Master's degree in Social Anthropology at St Cross College, University of Oxford. His research focuses on ethnic and national identities among the Chinese diasporas in Paris, France. In 2012, he graduated from Renmin University of China with a Bachelor of Arts in French. Xiangyan Liu Xiangyan Liu is a PhD student in Education Department at the University of California, Santa Cruz. She is interested in Chinese immigrant education, Chinese American history and the Chinese diaspora in the US. Her current research examines education of contemporary 1.5-generation Chinese youth in the United States. She graduated from Peking University, China with a MA in Higher Education and a MA in Asia Pacific Studies from the University of San Francisco, United States.

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Panel 1: Labor Migration Maria Villares María has recently completed her PhD thesis, entitled 'Immigration and Entrepreneurship in Spain: the Differential Mobilization of Financial, Human and Social Capital', at the Sociology Department at the University of A Coruna (Spain). Her research explores the impact of financial and human capital on the mobilization of social capital for the entrepreneurial strategies of Latin Americans in Spain. Prior to joining IMI, she held an assistant lecturer position at the Sociology Department at the University of A Coruna and has collaborated in numerous national and international research projects as part of the ESOMI-Spain (Research Team on Sociology of International Migration). In particular, María was involved in the OECD-funded project 'Latin American Immigration to OECD Countries'; the 5th Framework Project 'The Chances of Second Generation Family Members of Ethnic Entrepreneurs: Intergenerational and Gender Aspects of Quality of Life Processes' (co-ordinated by Frankfurt am Main University); and the European Social Fund project 'EQUAL CONVIVE +: Labour Incorporation of Immigrants as Self-Employees'. María has been a visiting scholar at COMPAS (University of Oxford); IMES (University of Amsterdam); ISET (London Metropolitan University); School of Social Sciences and Law (Oxford Brookes); and ERCOMER (University of Utrecht). Panel 2: Diaspora and Return Nicholas Van Hear Nicholas Van Hear is a Senior Researcher and Deputy Director at COMPAS, primarily working on projects in the Flows and Dynamics cluster. With a background in development studies, he works on forced migration, conflict, development, diaspora, transnationalism and related issues, and has field experience in Africa, the Middle East, South Asia and Europe. Before joining COMPAS when it was launched in 2003, he held senior research posts at the Refugee Studies Centre in Oxford (1990-2000) and at the Danish Centre for Development Research in Copenhagen (2000-2003). His books include New Diasporas (London: Routledge, 1998), The Migration-Development Nexus (Geneva: International Organisation for Migration, 2003), and Catching Fire: Containing forced migration in a volatile world (Oxford: Rowman and Littlefield, 2006). Danish International Development Agency (Danida), and other international agencies.

Discussants

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Iain Walker Iain Walker is Senior Research Officer in COMPAS. Iain is participating in the Leverhulme-funded Oxford Diasporas Programme with a project studying the Hadrami diaspora in Eastern Africa and the Arabian peninsula. Early research for his masters dissertation on ethnic identity and social change was carried out among the Chagossians in Mauritius, forcibly removed from their homeland in the early 1970s to pave way for an American military base on Diego Garcia. His research interests have remained focused on identity and ethnicity, expanding to include migration, globalisation and notions of home and belonging, as well as age systems. His geographical focus has slowly moved northwards. He carried out doctoral research on mimesis, custom and belonging on the Comorian island of Ngazidja; since then he has worked on movements of people between the Comoros, Zanzibar and Hadramawt. From 2005-2007 he held an ARC Postdoctoral Fellowship at Macquarie University, Sydney, studying identity among mobile communities of Arab origin in East Africa. Arriving in the UK in 2007, he held teaching positions at SOAS and ISCA before being awarded an ESRC Research Fellowship (2009-2011) to continue his work on issues of identity among transnational communities of East African origin. Iain also lectures on the MPhil course in Migration Studies based at ISCA and the MSc course in the African Studies Centre. He is committee member and webmaster of the SwahiliWeb resource site. Panel 3: Religious and Family Life Evelyn Ersanilli Evelyn Ersanilli's research is focused on the drivers of migration and on immigrant integration in receiving societies. Most of her work has a cross-national comparative angle; she has been involved in research projects in a range of European and developing countries and Canada. She has a special interest in (quantitative and qualitative) research methodology. Evelyn is involved in the EUMAGINE project. This project investigates how perceptions of human rights and democracy both in the country of residence and in Europe influence migratory aspirations and decisions. This mixed method study is conducted in Morocco, Turkey, Senegal and the Ukraine. Evelyn has a PhD in Sociology (VU University Amsterdam, 2010) and an MSc in Interdisciplinary Social Science (Utrecht University, 2004) with specialisations in Migration Studies and Welfare States. In her PhD thesis 'Comparing Integration. Host Country Adoption and Ethnic Retention of Turkish Immigrants and their Descendants in France, Germany and the Netherlands', she investigates the effects of different integration policy models on the socio-cultural integration of immigrants. The thesis is based on original data from a telephone survey and in-depth interviews. Evelyn joined IMI in 2010 as Research Officer for EUMAGINE. She worked on the development of the project-wide questionnaire and sampling strategy. Before coming to IMI she worked as a Senior Researcher at theMigration, Integration and Transnationalization unit of the Social Science Research Centre in Berlin (WZB). In 2008 she co-ordinated the data collection for the Six Country Immigrant Integration Comparative Survey(SCIICS), a telephone survey in six European countries among people of Turkish and Moroccan descent and a native reference group.

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Panel 4: Globalisation and technology Carlos Vargas Silva Carlos Vargas-Silva is an economist with particular expertise in quantitative data analysis. He previously worked at the International Migration Institute (IMI), also at Oxford. His research interests include the economic impact of immigration on receiving countries and the link between migration and economic development in sending countries, with a special focus on the role of migrants’ remittances. Carlos has been a consultant in migration related projects for many international agencies including the World Bank, Asian Development Bank, the Inter-American Development Bank and the United Nations University. He is an Associate Editor of the journal Migration Studies. Biao Xiang Xiang Biao is a University Lecturer in Social Anthropology, primarily working on projects in the Flows and Dynamics, Labour Markets, and Urban Change and Settlement clusters. Biao has conducted extensive field research on migration and social change in China, India and Australia. His main work includes ethnographic studies on a migrant community in Beijing (Transcending Boundaries), migrant workers in south China ("Peasant Workers" and Urban Development), Indian migrant computer professionals (Global "Body Shopping"), and skilled migrants from China (Migrant Networks and Knowledge Exchange). Biao is currently working on international labor migration from China and transnational governance in east Asia. Conceptually he is interested in globalization, governance, labor and uncertainty. He remains deeply interested in India - China comparison/connections. He writes: My research has sought to integrate ethnographic observation into institutonal analysis in order to grasp dramatic social transformations in Asia, espcially in China. My first book (Transcending Boundaries), an ethnographic study on a migrant community in Beijing demonstrates how rigid official boundaries internal to the Chinese state system, which are essential for the state's control over society, have paradoxically facilitated the growth of new social spaces. My research on mobile Indian computer engineers (Gobal Body Shopping) addresses the question of how labor is managed internationally to serve a volatile global high-tech market, and explains jow economic flexibilities are socially and culturally constructed. My forthcoming book (Making Order from Transnational Mobility), a result of four-year field research in China, Japan, South Korea and Singapore, examines the transnational governance of labor mobility through detailed analysis of the business operations of recruitment agents. I am currently working on a number of other topics including return migration, transnational social reproduction, and social debates in modern China.

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Exile Studies

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Edited by Franziska Meyer

Exile Studies is a series of monographs and edited collections that takes a broad view of exile, including the work and life of refugees of the Nazi period, and beyond. The series explores the different global and cultural spaces of exile as well as the specific historical, political and social concerns of exilic writers and artists. Of particular interest is scholarship that engages with recent theoretical approaches to exile to shed new light on the unique conditions of mass expulsion by Nazi persecution. A plurality of theoretical approaches is encouraged, featur-ing research that reaches beyond national frameworks or disciplinary boundaries and takes multi-directional, transcultural or comparative approaches. Themes include exclusion and delocalization, legacies of displace-ment and acculturation, migrating identities of the exile, the mutual impact of cultures, and the historical and political meanings of ‘home’ and ‘homecoming’.

The series promotes dialogue among transnational, Jewish and memory studies, and among diaspora, Holo-caust and postcolonial studies. It invites research that acknowledges questions of gender, race, class and ethnic-ity as indispensable tools for understanding the cultural processes that reflect on mass expulsions in the cen-tury of the refugee.

Language, Migration and Identity

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Edited by Vera Regan

This series fills a hitherto neglected but now growing area in the treatment of migration: the role of language and identity. This topic is central in a globalized world where the definition of community is constantly chal-lenged by the increased mobility of individuals. Linked to this mobility is the issue of identity construction, in which language plays a key role. Language practices are indicators of the socialization process in bilingual and multilingual settings, and part of the strategies by which speakers assert membership within social groups. Mi-grant speakers are constantly engaged in identity construction in varying settings.

Language, Migration and Identity invites proposals for revised dissertations, monographs and edited volumes on language practices and language use by migrant speakers. A wide range of themes is envisaged, within the area of migration, but from a broadly linguistic perspective. The series welcomes studies of migrant communi-ties and their language practices, studies of language practices in multilingual educational settings, and case studies of identity building among migrants through language use. Proposals might focus on topics such as second language acquisition in social context, variation in L2 speech, multilingualism, acquisition of sociolin-guistic competence, hybridity and ‘crossing’ in relation to identity. A multiplicity of approaches in the treat-ment of this interdisciplinary area will be welcome, from quantitative to ethnographic to mixed methods.

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Call for Manuscripts

Oxford Migration Studies Society 1st Annual Conference, University of Oxford, 4 May 2013