Migrations Out of Africa

Slide Set #26DTim Roufs’ section

“Eve”

“Eve”

I

II

III

“Eve”

“Eve”

“Eve”

I

Australopithecus

Homo

habilis

Homo erectus

Homo sapiens

Neandertals

“Moderns”

Pleistocene

Migrations

3. The Genographic Project• ca. 60,000 ybp• Dr. Dr. Spencer Wells (also DNA based)

2. “Out of Africa” (mtDNA)

• ca. 150,000 – 200,000 ybp

1. Homo erectus migrations• ca. 1.8 mya

Time 23 July 2001

Time 23 July 2001

Homo erectusHomo erectus

• Orrorin• Ardipithecus• Australopithecu

s

• Paranthropus

• Homo

• tugenensis• ramidus• anamensis• afarensis• africanus• garhi• aethiopicus• boisei• robustus• rudolfensis ( “early” )

• habilis ( “early” )

• erectus• sapiens

HomoHomo

Genus

Homo

Species

• rudolfensis ( “early” )

• habilis ( “early” )

• erectus– Java (Trinil)

• Pithecanthropus erectus

– China (Beijing)

• Homo erectus pekinensis

– Africa . . . – Europe . . .

• sapiens

Understanding Physical Anthropology and Archaeology, 9th ed., p. 238

The First Men (Time-Life, 1973), p. 111

Kottak, Physical Anthropology & Archaeology (NY: McGraw-Hill, 2004), p. 203.

Kottak, Physical Anthropology & Archaeology (NY: McGraw-Hill, 2004), p. 202.

“Eve”

“Eve”

II“Eve”

“Did We Come Out of Africa? Studies Collide”

“Out of Africa” [“Replacement Theory”]

vs. “Multi-Regional” Theory

New York Times(12 January 2001)

Migrations

3. The Genographic Project• ca. 60,000 ybp• Dr. Dr. Spencer Wells (also DNA based)

2. “Out of Africa” (mtDNA)

• ca. 150,000 – 200,000 ybp

1. Homo erectus migrations• ca. 1.8 mya

Time 23 July 2001

Migration II: Homo sapiens sapiens

150,000 – 200,000 ybp

Time 23 July 2001

Migration II: Homo sapiens sapiens

150,000 – 200,000 ybp

HomoHomo

Genus

Homo

Species

• rudolfensis ( “early” )

• habilis ( “early” )

• erectus– Java (Trinil)

• Pithecanthropus erectus

– China (Beijing)

• Homo erectus pekinensis

– Africa . . . – Europe . . .

• sapiens

Understanding Physical Anthropology and Archaeology, 9th ed., p. 284

A. “Out of Africa”• aka “The Mitochondrial Eve Theory”• aka “The Complete Replacement

Model”• Rebecca Caan• Christopher Stringer

vs.B. Multiregional Hypothesis

• aka “The Regional Continuity Model”• Millard Wolpoof

“Eve Theory”

MigrationsMigrations

A. “Out of Africa”• aka “The Mitochondrial Eve Theory”• aka “The Complete Replacement

Model”• Rebecca Caan• Christopher Stringer

vs.B. Multiregional Hypothesis

• aka “The Regional Continuity Model”• Millard Wolpoof

“Eve Theory”

MigrationsMigrations

Campbell – Loy, Humankind Emerging, 7th ed., p. 465.

“Out of Africa”model

“Multiregionalhypothesis”

“Eve”

A. “Out of Africa”• aka “The Mitochondrial Eve Theory”• aka “The Complete Replacement

Model”• Rebecca Caan• Christopher Stringer

vs.B. Multiregional Hypothesis

• aka “The Regional Continuity Model”• Millard Wolpoof

“Eve Theory”

MigrationsMigrations

Campbell – Loy, Humankind Emerging, 7th ed., p. 465.

“Out of Africa”model

“Multiregionalhypothesis”

“Eve”

“Eve”

“Eve”

III

“Eve”

Migrations

3. The Genographic Project• ca. 60,000 ybp• Dr. Dr. Spencer Wells (also DNA based)

2. “Out of Africa” (mtDNA)

• ca. 150,000 – 200,000 ybp

1. Homo erectus migrations• ca. 1.8 mya

https://www5.nationalgeographic.com/genographic/atlas.html

https://www5.nationalgeographic.com/genographic/atlas.html

https://www9.nationalgeographic.com/genographic/report.html

Venus of Willendorfc. 24,000 ybp

https://www5.nationalgeographic.com/genographic/

Roufs DNA results ID # = FW35F6VQRR

Homo erectusHomo erectus

Homo erecti are hand axe people

REM

Homo erectusHomo erectus

Homo erecti are hand axe people

But . . . did some leave Africa before the invention of the

hand axe?

REM

Campbell – Loy, Humankind Emerging, 7th ed., p. 334.

bamboo area

The “Movius Line”