8/16/2019 Milpitas High School - biology final study guide
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Final Exam Biology 2014
This is a good core of knowledge to review before the finals.
Good luck!
Chapter 3 (Ecology)
‐ What is the difference between a food web and a food
chain?
‐ Define each of the following terms
-producer
- consumer
- biogeochemical cycle-habitat
-niche
‐
‐ Explain the difference between a population and a
community
‐ How much energy is lost in every step up the energy
pyramid.
‐ Know the levels of the “V” shaped Pyramid of
Ecology
Chapter 4 (Ecology)
‐ Explain the difference between biotic and abiotic
factors. Know examples of each.
‐ Explain the difference between primary and secondary
succession. Which type of succession
would occur if starting from volcanic rock?
Chapter 5 (Ecology)
‐ What happens to a population size when the birth and
death rates are equal?
‐ What is exponential growth? Logistic growth? Know
graphs of each.
‐ Know what different shaped population pyramids look
like (growing, declining, etc.)
Chapter 6 (Human Impact)
‐ What is biodiversity?
‐ Know that coal, oil and natural gas are fossil fuels
which formed from decayed plants. They
release carbon dioxide when burned.
‐ Know that humans are affecting the carbon cycle by
using labor saving devices, burning fossil
fuels and destroying vegetation which absorbs carbon
dioxide.
Chapter 15 (Evolution)
‐ Define the term adaptation
‐ Know that natural selection only acts on phenotypes
that are expressed
‐ What are homologous structures? Give two examples.
‐ What are vestigial structures? Give two examples.
‐ Know that scientist look at nucleotide sequences to
help determine evolutionary relationships
‐ Know that organisms well suited to their environment
reproduce at a greater rate than organisms
who are less well suited their environment.
Chapter 16 (Evolution)
‐ Define the term gene pool.
‐ Explain the difference between, directional selection,
disruptive selection and stabilizing
selection.
‐ Know the movement of alleles into or out of a
population due to migration is called gene flow.
‐ Know that evolution could not happen without genetic
variation within a species.
‐ Know that natural selection causes changes in the
allele frequency of a population.
Chapter 17 ( Evolution)
‐ Know the concept of age of the earth.
‐ Remember Miller and Urey’s experiment
8/16/2019 Milpitas High School - biology final study guide
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‐ Know how multicellular life evolved
‐ Review the patterns of evolution
Chapter 35 (Nervous System)
‐ Draw and label a picture of a neuron
‐ What is the function of the myelin sheath?
‐ Explain the difference between the central and
peripheral nervous systems.
‐ What are neurotransmitters? Where are they
released?
‐ Explain the difference between sensory and motor
neurons.
‐ Know that after an action potential, the sodium
potassium pump helps to restore the resting
potential.
‐ Know that the effects of nervous signals last for a
shorter time then the effect of hormones.
Chapter 36 (Skeletal and Muscular Systems)
‐ Know functions of bones
‐ Know names of some major bones
‐ Know the kinds of joints in the skeleton
‐ Know the functions of muscles
‐ Know some major muscles
Chapter 37 (Circulatory System)
‐
What is the function of red blood cells?‐ What is
the function of white blood cells?
‐ Know the parts of a heart
‐ Know the path of blood
‐ Know arteries, veins, capillaries and their
functions
Chapter 38 (Digestive System)
‐ Know how the body digests mechanically and
chemically
‐ Know the organs of digestion
Chapter 39 (Endocrine and Reproductive System)
‐ Know that diabetes causes increased blood sugar
levels
‐ Know that the pancreas plays a major role in maintain
proper blood glucose levels.
‐ Know that low levels of blood sugar causes the pancreas
to release glucagon
‐ Know that hormones are essential to maintaining
homeostasis because they cause specific
responses in specific cells.
‐ Know that in diabetes mellitus, even though the blood
glucose levels may be high, the cells do
not receive the glucose.
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Review for Body Systems Test next Tuesday
Chapter 35: neurons, axon, dendrite, synapse, nerve impulse
(several parts), reflexes, lobes of brain,
cerebellum, brain stem
Chapter 36: skeleton (humerus, radius, ulna, femur, tibia,
fibula, patella, phalanges, ribs, vertebrae),
joints (hinge, ball and socket, pivot, saddle, immovable),
muscle types (smooth skeletal, cardiac),how a muscle contracts, all
the muscles we identified on the handout (there are about 15),
the
“Muscles Pulling Bones” handout, layers of skin two kinds of
glands in skin
Chapter 37: functions of Circulatory System, flow of blood
(memorize those parts!), types of vessels and
their differences (arteries, veins, capillaries), how pulse
related to activity, parts of blood (plasma, red
cells, white cells, platelets), functions of Respiratory System,
lungs, alveoli, gasses exchanged and
how gas exchange happens, how CO2 controls breathing rate
(from lab)
Chapter 38: Define calorie, define nutrient, know three
nutrients plus water, know why we need vitamins
and minerals (don’t need to study each one), know parts of
Digestive System (all parts we labeled),
function of liver and pancreas, parts of Urinary System,
kidneys, nephrons, the two actions of urine
formation (filtration and reabsorption), and the dry urine
lab
