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MINERAL FAMILIES and RESOURCES
• Classified into 7 groups
• Based upon their chemical composition
I Native Elements:
• consist of a single element
Examples:
Silver (Ag)
Copper (Cu)
Graphite (C)
Sulfur (S)
II Sulfides: -
- compounds of metal and sulfur
Examples:
Galena(PbS)
Pyrite (FeS2)
III Oxides: -
- compounds of metals and oxygen
Examples:
Hematite (Fe2O3)
Corundum (Al2O3)
IV Halides
- made of a combination of metals and the nonmetallic elements known as halogens.
Examples:
Halite (NaCl)
Fluorite (CaF2)
V Carbonates : -
- compounds of metals with carbon and oxygen.
Examples:
Calcite (CaCO3)
Dolomite CaMg(CO3)2
VI Sulfates:
- compounds of metals with sulfur and oxygen
Examples: Gypsum
(CaSO4 H2O)
- compounds of various elements with silicon (Si) and oxygen (O).
- the most abundant group-make up 90% of Earth’s Crust-these elements form a unit called a tetrahedron
Examples: Quartz, clay, talc, mica, olivine
VII Silicates: Largest group
Tetrahedron
• molecular formula
SiO4
Structural Formula
Draw out:
– the arrangement of these atoms determines the crystal shape that resultsThe silica tetrahedron is the basic building block of minerals
Resources
• Ores: naturally occurring solid materials from which a metal or valuable mineral can be profitably extracted.
• Gems: precious or semi-precious stone
• Mineralogy: scientific study of minerals